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Improving and validating the Atlantic Cod genome assembly using PacBio
- 1. Improving and validating the Atlantic Cod genome assembly using error-corrected as well as raw PacBio reads Lex Nederbragt, NSC and CEES lex.nederbragt@ibv.uio.no @lexnederbragt OK
- 2. Acknowledgements University of Oslo Sequencing team NSC Ole Kristian Tøressen Kjetill Jakobsen Sissel Jentoft Cod genome group Jason Miller, JCVI Pacific Biosciences
- 3. The Atlantic cod genome project
- 4. Cod: the genome 850 million bases (Mbp ) ‘Wild-caught’ Heterozygote * * *
- 5. Cod: phase 1 454 sequencing (Sanger sequencing)
- 6. N50 50% of the genome is in contigs as large as the N50 value 1000 bp genome Sum 400 445 490 520 N50 Courtesy of Michael Schatz, CSHL
- 7. Cod: phase 1 (Sanger sequencing) 454 sequencing Phase 1 assembly 157 887 sequences 753 Mbp of 830 Mbp N50 460 kbp Scaffold N50 2.8 kbp contig gap
- 8. Cod: phase 1 6467 scaffolds 35% gap bases
- 9. The causes Short Tandem Repeats (>20% of gaps)
- 10. The causes Heterozygosity? Polymorphic contig 2 Contig 1 Contig 4 Polymorphic contig 3
- 11. Cod: phase 2 New data Illumina sequencing Paired end >200x Mate Pair 5kb >100x Improved/new software
- 12. Cod: phase 2 goal 23 pseudochromosomes Longer contigs Below 5% gap bases Phase 2 goal Scaffold N50 1 Mbp Contig N50 15 kbp
- 13. Cod: phase 2 programs Zhang et al. PLoSOne 2011
- 14. Cod phase 2: status Contig N50 gaps scaffold N50 15 kbp <5% 1.5 Mbp Celera, 454 + Ilmn 9 kbp 5% too short Newbler, 454 6 kbp 24% OK Goal
- 15. Enter PacBio
- 16. SMRTBell'template' Sequencing Standard'Sequencing' Large& Sizes& Large Insert& Sizes Insert Aim for looooong insert sizes Circular'Consensus'Sequencing' SMRT® Technology Small& Insert& Sizes& Chemistry Coverage Av. Raw length C2 Photo: Tore Oldeide Elgvin 3.2x 4.6 kb XL-XL 3.5x 5.1 kb TOTAL 3 3.0 kb C2-XL 147 SMRT Cells 9.2x 15.9x
- 17. Error-correction Celera Assembler merTrim PacBioToCa (Koren et al) 13.7x 27x + + 234x 27x 9x (67%) recovered
- 19. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement Celera Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 20. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 21. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 22. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 23. Assembly improvement: corrected reads N50 Goal Celera, 454 reads + corrected PacBio + PBJelly gaps 15 kbp <5% 9 kbp 5% 11 kbp 1.5%
- 24. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 25. Assembly improvement: raw reads N50 Goal Newbler, 454 + raw PacBio + PBJelly gaps 15 kbp <5% 6 kbp 24% 30 kbp 20%
- 26. Assembly improvement: raw reads N50 15 kbp + raw PacBio + PBJelly Too good to be true? 5% 46 kbp Celera, 454 + Ilmn <5% 9 kbp Goal gaps 1.5%
- 27. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 29. Assembly validation Sequence Coverage Aligned raw Pacbio reads
- 30. Assembly validation Sequence Coverage Aligned raw Pacbio reads Aligned corrected Pacbio reads
- 31. Assembly validation Newbler scaffold Corrected pacbio reads Raw pacbio reads 308 bp gap (TG)n repeat (TG)n repeat
- 32. Assembly validation Newbler scaffold Raw pacbio reads 939 bp gap (AG)n repeat Heterozygous region
- 33. Assembly validation Raw pacbio reads Celera scaffold Misassembly?
- 34. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 35. Assembly validation: bridgemapper (beta) Split alignments structural variation misassemblies
- 36. bridgemapper (beta) on E. coli Positions in the contig color coded Illumina + velvet
- 37. bridgemapper (beta) on cod s05514 2510 bp gap Point to a 2350 bp scaffold
- 38. bridgemapper (beta) on cod 2145 bp gap s08737 Point to a 3 kbp scaffold
- 39. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 40. Assembly with error-corrected reads Contig N50 15 kbp CA + corrected PacBio + 454 mates 1.4 times genome size underassembled 5% too short 8 kbp Celera Assembly <5% 9 kbp Goal gaps 2% very short scaffolds
- 41. The improved Atlantic cod genome: status http://en.wikipedia.org
- 42. Newbler plus Celera Celera: Long contigs, short scaffolds Scaffold gap contig Slide courtesy of Ole Kristian Tøressen
- 43. Newbler plus Celera Celera: Long contigs, short scaffolds Scaffold gap contig Newbler: Short contigs, long scaffolds Scaffold contig gap Slide courtesy of Ole Kristian Tøressen
- 44. Newbler plus Celera Celera: Long contigs, short scaffolds Scaffold gap contig Newbler: Short contigs, long scaffolds Scaffold contig gap Combined: Long contigs, long scaffolds gap Scaffold contig Slide courtesy of Ole Kristian Tøressen
- 45. Adding PacBio Closed gap Reduced gap Using PBJelly PacBio reads Contig Scaffold Slide courtesy of Ole Kristian Tøressen
- 46. Polishing the assembly 454 and Illumina reads Contig Scaffold Contig N50: 30 - 40 kbp Scaffold N50: 1 - 1.5 Mbp Slide courtesy of Ole Kristian Tøressen
- 47. Imageby Mathieu Thouvenin http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathoov/4681491052/
- 48. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper
- 49. PacBio reads for cod Error-corrected reads Assembly improvement PBJelly Assembly validation blasr De novo assembly Celera Raw reads PBJelly blasr bridgemapper Celera
- 50. Assembly Contig N50 15 kbp CA + corrected PacBio + 454 mates CA + raw PacBio reads + 454 mates 1.6 times genome size underassembled <5% 8 kbp Goal gaps 2% very short 38 kbp <1% very short scaffolds
- 51. Lessons learned from PacBio reads
- 52. Cod genome Heterozygous: Large polymorphism (100’s of bases) Homozygous Homozygous Heterozygous: Large indel (100’s of bases) Homozygous
- 53. Atlantic cod version 2 23 pseudochromosomes Longer contigs Below 5% gap bases New annotation
- 54. From observation to insight We need better programs Mathias Bigge, Ricordisamoa, others (wikimedia commons)