This document discusses concurrency and threading in programming languages. It covers different levels of concurrency including machine instruction, statement, unit, and program levels. It also describes the evolution of multiprocessor architectures from single to multiple processors. Key aspects of concurrency discussed include physical vs logical concurrency, reasons for studying concurrency, task-level concurrency, and synchronization methods like semaphores and monitors. The document also provides an overview of threads in Java.
Universal Flash Storage is an upcoming memory specification for use in mobile phones, tablets and other consumer electronics devices.
It is the successor of Embedded Multimedia controller (eMMC) that currently prevails and will be available as storage in on-chip and expandable form (in the form of memory cards).
Universal Flash Storage is an upcoming memory specification for use in mobile phones, tablets and other consumer electronics devices.
It is the successor of Embedded Multimedia controller (eMMC) that currently prevails and will be available as storage in on-chip and expandable form (in the form of memory cards).
High Performance JavaScript - WebDirections USA 2010Nicholas Zakas
Ever wonder why the page appears frozen or why you get a dialog saying, “this script is taking too long”? Inside of the browser, JavaScript and the page’s UI are very intertwined, which means they can affect each other and, in turn, affect overall page performance. Ensuring the fastest execution time of JavaScript code isn’t about geek cred, it’s about ensuring that the user experience is as fast and responsive as possible. In a world where an extra second can cost you a visitor, sluggishness due to poor JavaScript code is a big problem. In this talk, you’ll learn what’s going on inside the browser that can slow JavaScript down and how that can end up creating a “slow page”. You’ll also learn how to overcome the conspiracy against your code by eliminating performance bottlenecks.
Snapdragon is a family of mobile systems on a chip (SoC) by Qualcomm. Qualcomm considers Snapdragon a "platform" for use in smartphones, tablets, and smartbook devices.
ARM is a family of RISC-based microprocessors and microcontrollers designed by ARM Inc., Cambridge, England.
ARM chips are high-speed processors that are known for their small die size and low power requirements.
Using Terraform to manage the configuration of a Cisco ACI fabric.Joel W. King
Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp. It is written in GoLang. Cisco has developed an ACI terraform provider used to interact with the Cisco APIC. Network engineers define and provision the ACI infrastructure using a declarative configuration language known as HCL, HashiCorp Configuration Language.
This session will begin with a short presentation on Terraform and how it can be used to manage resources in an ACI fabric. There is a companion GitLab repository (https://gitlab.com/joelwking/terraform_aci) which will be used as a demo environment. Attendees can download Vagrant and VirtualBox to their laptop and execute the demonstration using the Cisco DevNet Always-on ACI sandbox.
High Performance JavaScript - WebDirections USA 2010Nicholas Zakas
Ever wonder why the page appears frozen or why you get a dialog saying, “this script is taking too long”? Inside of the browser, JavaScript and the page’s UI are very intertwined, which means they can affect each other and, in turn, affect overall page performance. Ensuring the fastest execution time of JavaScript code isn’t about geek cred, it’s about ensuring that the user experience is as fast and responsive as possible. In a world where an extra second can cost you a visitor, sluggishness due to poor JavaScript code is a big problem. In this talk, you’ll learn what’s going on inside the browser that can slow JavaScript down and how that can end up creating a “slow page”. You’ll also learn how to overcome the conspiracy against your code by eliminating performance bottlenecks.
Snapdragon is a family of mobile systems on a chip (SoC) by Qualcomm. Qualcomm considers Snapdragon a "platform" for use in smartphones, tablets, and smartbook devices.
ARM is a family of RISC-based microprocessors and microcontrollers designed by ARM Inc., Cambridge, England.
ARM chips are high-speed processors that are known for their small die size and low power requirements.
Using Terraform to manage the configuration of a Cisco ACI fabric.Joel W. King
Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp. It is written in GoLang. Cisco has developed an ACI terraform provider used to interact with the Cisco APIC. Network engineers define and provision the ACI infrastructure using a declarative configuration language known as HCL, HashiCorp Configuration Language.
This session will begin with a short presentation on Terraform and how it can be used to manage resources in an ACI fabric. There is a companion GitLab repository (https://gitlab.com/joelwking/terraform_aci) which will be used as a demo environment. Attendees can download Vagrant and VirtualBox to their laptop and execute the demonstration using the Cisco DevNet Always-on ACI sandbox.
ch13 here is the ppt of this chapter included picturesPranjalRana4
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Concurrency refers to the execution of multiple tasks or processes in overlapping time periods. In computer science, it is a fundamental concept that allows programs to efficiently handle multiple operations simultaneously, enhancing performance and responsiveness. The key idea behind concurrency is to make progress on several tasks concurrently, rather than sequentially, thereby optimizing resource utilization.
One of the primary motivations for employing concurrency in software is to improve the efficiency of computation in multi-core or multi-processor systems. With the rise of parallel architectures, where multiple processing units operate independently, concurrent programming has become essential to fully leverage the available computing power. Concurrent systems are designed to execute multiple tasks concurrently, offering benefits like increased throughput and reduced latency.
Concurrency can be achieved through various mechanisms, and one common approach is the use of threads. Threads are lightweight, independent units of execution within a process. They share the same memory space but have their own stack, registers, and program counter, enabling them to execute different parts of the code simultaneously. Thread-based concurrency allows developers to write programs that can perform multiple tasks concurrently, enhancing responsiveness and improving overall system performance.
Another method for achieving concurrency is through processes. Unlike threads, processes have their own memory space, making them more isolated. Inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms are employed to facilitate communication and coordination between processes. This approach is particularly useful for applications requiring a higher level of isolation, security, or fault tolerance.
Concurrency introduces challenges related to synchronization and coordination. When multiple threads or processes access shared resources concurrently, issues such as race conditions and deadlocks can arise. Race conditions occur when the behavior of a program depends on the timing of events, leading to unpredictable outcomes. Deadlocks occur when two or more processes are blocked, each waiting for the other to release a resource.
Chat application through client server management system project.pdfKamal Acharya
This project focused on creating a chatting application with communication environment. The objective of our project is to build a chatting system to facilitate the communication between two or more clients to obtain an effective channel among the clients themselves. For the application itself, this system can serve as a link to reach out for all clients. The design of the system depends on socket concept where is a software endpoint that establishes bidirectional communication between a server program and one or more client programs. Languages that will be used for the development of this system: Java Development Kit (JDK): is a development environment for building applications and components using the Java programming language.
A brief introduction to task communication in real time operating system.It covers Inter-process communication like concepts of shared memory , message passing, remoteprocedure call .Interprocess communication (IPC) refers specifically to the mechanisms an operating system provides to allow the processes to manage shared data. Typically, applications can use IPC, categorized as clients and servers, where the client requests data and the server responds to client requests.Many applications are both clients and servers, as commonly seen in distributed computing.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
13 concurrency
1. ICS 313 - Fundamentals of Programming Languages 1
13. Concurrency
13.1 Introduction
Concurrency can occur at four levels:
1. Machine instruction level
2. High-level language statement level
3. Unit level
4. Program level
Because there are no language issues in instruction and program-level
concurrency, they are not addressed here
The Evolution of Multiprocessor Architectures
Late 1950s - One general-purpose processor and one or more special-
purpose processors for input and output operations
Early 1960s - Multiple complete processors, used for program-level
concurrency
Mid-1960s - Multiple partial processors, used for instruction-level
concurrency
Single-Instruction Multiple-Data (SIMD) machines. The same instruction
goes to all processors, each with different data - e.g., vector processors
Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data (MIMD) machines - Independent processors that
can be synchronized (unit-level concurrency)
2. ICS 313 - Fundamentals of Programming Languages 2
13.1 Introduction (continued)
A thread of control in a program is the sequence of program points
reached as control flows through the program
Categories of Concurrency
Physical concurrency - Multiple independent processors
(multiple threads of control)
Logical concurrency - The appearance of physical concurrency is
presented by time-sharing one processor
(software can be designed as if there were multiple threads of control)
Coroutines provide only quasi-concurrency
Reasons to Study Concurrency
It involves a different way of designing software that can be very useful
- many real-world situations involve concurrency
Computers capable of physical concurrency are now widely used
13.2 Intro to Subprogram-Level Concurrency
A task is a program unit that can be in concurrent execution with other
program units
Tasks differ from ordinary subprograms in that:
A task may be implicitly started
When a program unit starts the execution of a task, it is not necessarily
suspended
When a task’s execution is completed, control may not return to the caller
Tasks usually work together
A task is disjoint if it does not communicate with or affect the execution
of any other task in the program in any way
Task communication is necessary for synchronization
Task communication can be through:
Shared nonlocal variables
Parameters
Message passing
3. ICS 313 - Fundamentals of Programming Languages 3
13.2 Intro to Subprogram-Level Concurrency (continued)
Kinds of synchronization
Cooperation
Task A must wait for task B to complete some specific activity before task A can continue its execution e.g., the
producer-consumer problem
Competition
When two or more tasks must use some resource that cannot be simultaneously used e.g., a shared counter
Competition is usually provided by mutually exclusive access
Providing synchronization requires a mechanism for delaying task execution
Task execution control is maintained by a program called the scheduler, which
maps task execution onto available processors
Tasks can be in one of several different execution states:
New - created but not yet started
Runnable or ready - ready to run but not currently running (no available processor)
Running
Blocked - has been running, but cannot now continue (usually waiting for some
event to occur)
Dead - no longer active in any sense
13.2 Intro to Subprogram-Level Concurrency (continued)
Liveness is a characteristic that a program unit may or may not have
In sequential code, it means the unit will eventually complete its execution
In a concurrent environment, a task can easily lose its liveness
If all tasks in a concurrent environment lose their liveness, it is called
deadlock
Design Issues for Concurrency
How is cooperation synchronization provided?
How is competition synchronization provided?
How and when do tasks begin and end execution?
Are tasks statically or dynamically created?
Methods of Providing Synchronization:
Semaphores
Monitors
Message Passing
4. ICS 313 - Fundamentals of Programming Languages 4
13.7 Java Threads
The concurrent units in Java are run methods
The run method is inherited and overriden in subclasses of
the predefined Thread class
The Thread Class
Includes several methods (besides run)
start, which calls run , after which control returns immediately to
start
yield, which stops execution of the thread and puts it in the task
ready queue
sleep, which stops execution of the thread and blocks it from
execution for the amount of time specified in its parameter
Early versions of Java used three more Thread methods
suspend, which stops execution of the thread until it is restarted with resume
resume, which restarts a suspended thread
stop, which kills the thread
13.7 Java Threads (continued)
Competition Synchronization with Java Threads
A method that includes the synchronized modifier disallows any
other method from running on the object while it is in execution
If only a part of a method must be run without interference, it can be
synchronized
Cooperation Synchronization with Java Threads
The wait and notify methods are defined in Object, which is the root
class in Java, so all objects inherit them
The wait method must be called in a loop
Example - the queue
See Queue class (pp. 549-550) and the Producer and Consumer
classes (p. 550)
