Non narcotic analgesics, antipyretics & anti-inflammatory drugsA M O L D E O R E
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature. They're often used to relieve symptoms of headaches, painful periods, sprains and strains, colds and flu, arthritis, and other causes of long-term pain.
Analgesic is a drug that relieves pain by acting on the CNS or on the peripheral pain mechanism without altering consciousness
Opioid analgesics
Non Opioid analgesics (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These are not only pain killers but also are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used in dentistry. These are weaker analgesics, also called nonnarcotic or aspirin-like or antipyretic analgesics. They do not depress CNS, do not produce physical dependence, and have no abuse liability. They act primarily on peripheral pain mechanisms.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Non narcotic analgesics, antipyretics & anti-inflammatory drugsA M O L D E O R E
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature. They're often used to relieve symptoms of headaches, painful periods, sprains and strains, colds and flu, arthritis, and other causes of long-term pain.
Analgesic is a drug that relieves pain by acting on the CNS or on the peripheral pain mechanism without altering consciousness
Opioid analgesics
Non Opioid analgesics (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These are not only pain killers but also are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used in dentistry. These are weaker analgesics, also called nonnarcotic or aspirin-like or antipyretic analgesics. They do not depress CNS, do not produce physical dependence, and have no abuse liability. They act primarily on peripheral pain mechanisms.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
These are the pharmacological agent which when administered externally relieves mild or moderate pains without degree of consciousness called as Analgesics are worked against the pain so firstly introduced the Pain sensation.
this is an important topic in palliative care. a form of care each of us may need when we suffer terminal illness and severe trauma at one point in our life time.
Overview of these drug. About Pain & Fever and Mechanisms of Action with Binding Receptor. Also have Pain scale, Choice of Drug and Their Side Effect, Adverse Effect. About Misuse of These Drug & Management
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
3. Examples of commonly used opioids:
Morphine
Codeine
Pethidine
Tramadol
Methadone
Fentanyl
Pentazocine
4. Actions, uses and adverse effects of Morphine:
Pharmacological
action (CNS)
Adverse effects Therapeutic uses
• Causes analgesic
• Sedation,drowsines
• Euphoria
• Depress the
temperature
regulating center,
cough center, and
respiratory center.
• Drowsiness,
confusion.
• Respiratory
depression &
death.
• newborn if
administered
to mother.
• Painful condition
– MI, fractures,
burn, bullet
wound.
• Renal colic pain
• Postoperative
pain.
• For conscious
sedation
• Dry cough
5. Pharmacological action Adverse effects uses
CNS:
o Constricts pupil to
cause miosis.
o Stimulate vomiting.
o Stimulate vagal center
o Causes dependence
Nausea, vomiting
Physical and psychological
dependence
withdrawal syndromes
such as abnormal behavior,
irritability, body shakes,
sweat, insomnia
6. Pharmacological action Adverse
effects
uses
CVS:
Causes vasodilation
Fall in blood pressure
Hypotension
GIT:
Rise urethral sphincter tone,
cause urinary retention,
Constipation
• Difficulty in
micturition
• Constipation Diarrhea
Biliary tract:
Increase tone of sphincter of
oddi,
increase intrabiliary pressure.
8. Actions, uses and adverse effects of Morphine:
Pharmacological
action (CNS)
Adverse effects Therapeutic uses
• Causes analgesic
• Sedation,drowsines
• Euphoria
• Depress the
temperature
regulating center,
cough center, and
respiratory center.
• Drowsiness,
confusion.
• Respiratory
depression &
death.
• newborn if
administered
to mother.
• Painful condition
– MI, fractures,
burn, bullet
wound.
• Renal colic pain
• Postoperative
pain.
• For conscious
sedation
• Dry cough
9. Pharmacological action Adverse effects uses
CNS:
o Constricts pupil to
cause miosis.
o Stimulate vomiting.
o Stimulate vagal center
o Causes dependence
Nausea, vomiting
Physical and psychological
dependence
withdrawal syndromes
such as abnormal behavior,
irritability, body shakes,
sweat, insomnia
10. Pharmacological action Adverse
effects
uses
CVS:
Causes vasodilation
Fall in blood pressure
Hypotension
GIT:
Rise urethral sphincter tone,
cause urinary retention,
Constipation
• Difficulty in
micturition
• Constipation Diarrhea
Biliary tract:
Increase tone of sphincter of
oddi,
increase intrabiliary pressure.
11. Pharmacological action Adverse effects uses
Bronchus:
Release histamine and
cause bronchospasm
Itching, skin rash
Contraindications to opioids:
1. Bronchial asthma – histamine release aggravates asthma
2. COPD such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis
3. Hypotensive states.
12. 4. Infant - more chance for respiratory depression
5. Old people – worsen urinary retention
6. Undiagnosed acute abdominal pain - interfere with
diagnosis by masking pain & worsen biliary pain.
7. Head injury – causes vomiting and miosis.
These interfere with assessment of prognosis.
Morphine increase the intracranial tension.
13. Treatment for opioid poisoning:
1.Gastric lavage with potassium permanganate.
2. Antidote is naloxone - reverses the respiratory depression.
3. Maintain airway, breathing.