The document details the importance of irrigation in maintaining the health of golf course grass, which consists of 80-85% water. It describes various types of irrigation systems, components involved, and the significance of water sources while addressing challenges like over-irrigation and the need for precise management based on environmental factors. The text emphasizes the necessity of adequate control, monitoring, and expertise to ensure effective irrigation without harming the course.

1. “let’s make it wet”

2. Intro
 Water is 80 -85% of grass plant
 Important to maintain quality golf.
 All greens and most tees are irrigated
 Good golf courses will irrigate fairway some even
roughs.

4. Types of irrigation
1. Central control automatic irrigation system
2. Stand-alone control automatic irrigation system
3. Stand-alone control non-automatic
4. Manually operated valves
5. Manual Quick Coupler Valves (QCV)

5. Components
1. Water source
2. Pump station
3. Water distribution pipes (plus valves)
4. Control valves
5. Control lines (plus controller)
6. Sprinkler heads

6. Why irrigation important
 Important practice
 Determines health of plant
 Too much / too little is problem
 Dry out the course / makes the course soggy
 Algae
 Diseases
 Life or death
 Affects play (long or short)

7. Algae & heat stress

8. Water source
 Lake, pond – usually man-made
 Usually fed by drainage system
 Sometimes water source is well (underground water) 6 –
700 metres deep. Pumped into reservoir 1st.
 Rarely river because water quality issues
 18 hole Golf course require 2,000 gallons per minute of
water flow rate.
 Caution re particulate matter such as algae, aquatic
weeds, sand, debris, fish, frogs, and snails.
 Effluent water can be used

9. Particulate materials
 Organic materials – leaves, sticks, algae etc is problem
 Use strainers to prevent
 Sand cause problems in whole irrigation system – slow
water, erode, wear and tear faster
 Use sand separator to prevent
 Introduced contaminates into the system: when repair
of leaking pipes or initial installation
 More care and flushing after repair is the solution.

10. Automatic irrigation system
 Is essentially fixed sprinklers automatically activated
by control valves at times preset on a controller.
 The times may be from beginning to finish – full
automatic
 Or beginning is manual activated and ending is at
times preset.
 Maybe centrally controlled
 Or on a few ‘satellites’ which are ‘stand-alone’

11. Pump station
 Draw water from source
 Release water into system as needed
 Pump house
 Wet-well / pit
 Sometimes pump-house over the source

12. Water distribution system
 Pipe – permanently underground
 Large pipes at station and became smaller and smaller
 Pressure rating – estimated maximum pressure water
in pipe that pipe won’t fail.
 PVC – poly vinyl chloride
 PE – poly ethylene. Cheaper than PVC but weaker.
 GI – galvanized iron

13. Control Valves
 Valves – to release water either into lines or into valves.
 Manually open or closing
 Or remotely by
 Hydraulic switches
 Electrically operated solenoid
 Three important places
 At distribution lines
 At sprinklers
 At pump station

14. Control valve
 Delivery to sprinkler
 Valve-in-head (VIH)
 Block system
 Valve at distribution lines
 Gate valves / isolation valves
 Drain valves – to drain a line
 Pressure-relief valves
 Air-valves / vacuum-relief valve
 Valve at pump station
 Foot valve – at intake pipe
 Discharge valve
 A check valve

15. Block system

16. Controller
 Vital component – starts and stops the valves
 Automatic system – needs a clock
 One controller has many stations.
 One station is one valve.
 One valve is one sprinkler (VIH) or many (block)
 May be controlled via Central Controller
 Or on its own – Stand-alone Satellite controller

17. Sprinkler heads
 Many types: Fixed spray, pop-up, bubblers, strip,
rotary.
 Golf course is rotary and pop-up
 Mostly 360 degrees turn.

18. Sprinkler performance.

19. Valve-in-head

20. Fertigation
 Chemical injected into irrigation system
 Proportioner pump
 Adjust rates
 Key to succeed is uniform application
 Must remember about effect of chemical on system!

21. Operation
 No perfect irrigation system
 Needs expertise to operate
 Most golf courses are over-irrigated (at least greens
are)
 The pressure to get soft greens and green, lush grass
 Bad practice or no knowledge by Supt
 Limitation s or bad design of irrigation system

22. operation
 Too often irrigation is by habit or by calendar
 Should be according to turfgrass needs. Assess :
 soil moisture levels at key sites
 Temperature, humidity
 Cloud cover
 Wind conditions
 ET rate
 Rainfall over next few days.
 then only decide to water or not to water

23. When to irrigate
 By observing water status
1. in turf by:
 Foot printing technique
 Signs of actual wilt
2. In soil by:
 Soil probe 8 inch deep at various locations
 Tensiometer to measure soil moisture
 Preferably early morning

24. When to irrigate
Don’t water in afternoon because
1. Bad distribution due to high winds
2. Water loss due to evaporation
3. Inconvenience to golfers
4. Leaf and soil moist easier to get infected plus algae

25. syringing
 Very light, mid-day watering
 To relief stress due to wilt or heat.
 Maybe even 2x a day.
 Must be visual inspection before decide

26. Water splash

27. Sprinkler in action