The document discusses golf course drainage design and specifications. It covers determining natural drainage routes, designing drainage patterns for greens, fairways, tees and bunkers with laterals connecting to main collectors. Main collectors are sized based on laterals and route to discharge areas like ponds or irrigation sources. Catch basins are used to collect surface water in low areas. Drainage is designed to move water away from play using slopes between 1-3% toward drainage features.

1. Drainage of Features

2. Greens USGA specification

3. Step 1: Site assessment Identify natural drainage route /low areas Identify drain outlet(s) Sketch proposed contours Sketch directional flow

4. Step 2: Determine drainage pattern

5. Greens component: Determine tile line pattern location of collector Specify lateral line

6. Step 3: Choose drainage tile

7. Step 4: Sketch the grid

8. Step 6: Collectors and laterals PVC mainline Corrugated 4”

9. Step 7: Prepare Specifications Required for each drainage feature specified

10. USGA green: Drain Laterals Laterals 4” (100mm) laterals of 45 degrees from main 15ft (5m) apart, extend to perimeter of green From first lateral to first lateral

11. Drainage trenches 6” (150mm) wide 8” (200mm) depth Minimum slope .5% Rise/run=slope 1:100 = 1% slope 1:50 = 2% slope 1:33 = 3% slope Fill gravel ¼” – 1” for drainage trench

12. Tee drainage Pipe sizing and laterals

13. Step 1: Main line Assume 8” sandy loam (topsoil cap) Hydraulic conductivity of .8”/hr Main line Maximum diameter of 4” (100mm) Place along route of maximum fall

14. Tees Drain spacing 6.6ft apart – 16hrs to drain 3.3ft apart – 8hrs to drain Maintain slope 1-3%

15. Interceptor drains 4” corrugated to basin, french or collector Slope recommendations 1-3%

16. Tees: Specifications Subsoil specifications

17. Drainage of Features: Bunkers

18. Bunker component: Specify tile and fill Specify liner and inner bank stabilization from washouts Use 6.6ft spacing Use 4” corrugated tile

19. Specify variation of drain pattern (herringbone, random, etc) Include specifics of discharge: to collector/ sump

20. Specify subsoil drainage pattern

21. Linking trap drainage Combined drainage system Limited discharge areas

22. Route to basin or collector 4” corrugated to basin 4” main line 6.6ft (2m) centers/spacing

23. Drainage AWAY from play

24. Completed bunker drain specifications

25. Drainage of features: Fairways

26. Fairways component: Recommend surface slope min 1-3% 4” laterals and main Mainline and laterals 6.6ft apart Max combined length of laterals and mainline1170ft

27. Technical specifications: Drain pipe section Interceptor drains

28. Drainage feature: Fairways Recognize contour low areas Incorporate catch basins Incorporate french drains if necessary Join laterals to main collector

29. Drainage features: Fairway Herringbone grid Identify the main collector Utilize natural contours for direction to main collector Multiple patterns are possible Utilize french drains where distances are too great Identify wetland and other discharge areas.

30. Completed drainage feature: Fairway

31. Fairway Component: drainage specifications Provide current fairway drainage issues Specify avoidance of subsoil compaction Specify siltation prevention in trenches and catch basins when re-grading Identify catch basins Identify laterals and pattern

32. Additional info:Include drainage specifications Hand Sketchs, cited web photos acceptable. Open stone drains identified with specs French drains specified Intercept drains specified Catch basins specified

33. Drainage Specs. :Roadways/cart paths

34. Slit Drainage http://tdsdrainage.com/articles.html

35. What is Slit drainage? The remedial method of quickly removing surface water Often done on fairways, or sports fields constructed with heavier soil A means of “fixing” poorly drained sportfields

36. Slit drainage Series of narrow vertical trenches backfilled with sand Some have pipes in bottom Connected to larger connectors to stormwater outlets Many work for awhile, but then fail A method improving surface drainage

37. Spacing

38. Design and planning steps

39. Typical slit and collector

40. Lateral direction Typical installation Laterals across slope Larger collector drain

41. Slit Drainage: Greens

42. Trenching the surface

43. Perched water table in trenches? unecessary Grassing trench lines Gravel layer install Prevents drying Perches the table

44. Summary of Slit drainage

45. Summary continued

46. Slit drainage on Fairways

47. Types of Golf Course Drains Collector Interceptor Catch basin

48. Natural drainage Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

49. Collection and Transport Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

50. Golf Course Drainage Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

51. Collector drains Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

52. Collector drains Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

53. Collector discharge Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

54. Collector Basin Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

55. Catch Basin Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

56. Open Stone drains Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

57. French drains Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

58. Flat tile green drainage Multi-flow system Hybrid drainage pattern Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

59. Multiple laterals meet collector Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

60. Head Wall Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

61. Sump wells Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

62. Mole Drains Effective relief of impermeable base Temporary Risks irrigation lines/wire cut Can tear through other drains not mapped Raises the soil Requires an open channel to subsoil Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

63. Mowable swale Fairways are graded to a collector Slopes are between 1-3%, unnoticed by golfers Mowable with cutting units Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

64. Commonly used drains Interceptor ditch Sump style drain Sump drainage Drill of dig past impermeable layer Facilitates drainage through to porus layer May need to be very deep Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

65. Intercept drains Intercept drain specs Intercept drain detail Turf Managers Handbook, Charles "Bud" White, Ann Arbor Press 2000

66. Drainage Routes Irrigation source site Collectors, laterals and catch basins

67. Main Collectors Impounding water and discharge areas

68. Main Drainage Collectors 8”-24” in diameter Often smooth PVC pipe Subsurface drain, deep install Below all irrigation piping Dug into subsoil existing grade to water feature/pond Utilizes original grade, natural slope.

69. Collector Drains Step 1: Determine lowest areas on map Designate impounded water site Utilize natural drain routes Typically becomes irrigation source site

70. Main Drainage collectors Mains route along or across each fairway Connects all lateral and basins Main collectors consolidate to deliver to pond, irrigation source or discharge

71. Main drainage collectors Storm water collection Underground tanks (often used for storm water) to existing facilities May discharge to pond system

72. Pond construction-sub and surface Supplies valuable topsoil Creates fill Provides additional storage of runoff, storm water Potential to transfer to other ponds Becomes design feature

73. Pond construction – Sub and surface Functional and aesthetic Located for alternative outlets of discharge

74. Catch Basins – Surface drainage Collects surface water Connects to a lateral or main collector Installed and graded into low areas, non traffic routes Effective for low areas on fairways, tees, and combined features of greens complex’s

75. Catch basins – Surface drainage Multiple used prfwy spaced 76ft, at 1% Connect to laterals

76. Laterals Fairway, tee, catch basins

77. Laterals

78. Drainage Laterals Connect features to the main collector Laterals include Fairways Tees Catch basins Bunkers Green complex’s

79. Laterals to Main collector Drainage contractors specify pipe sizing and laterals to collector Measure of combined friction loss, to combined gpm Fairway lateral sizing 4” corrugated

80. Lateral to collector drain Number of laterals connected determine collector sizing Utilizing natural drainage to a single lateral herringbone will save costs

81. Fairway drainage Read contours to determine natural drainage route Design surface catchment at lowest point Design pattern drains to connect to main collector

82. Tee sites Outlets may connect to basins Often connect to laterals Elevated sites often graded towards catchment

83. Green sites Determine lowest area off green Away from traffic Often combines with other complex drains Bunkers, approach