Downloaded 12 times
More Related Content
![Pipe materials and types of joints [autosaved]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/pipematerialsandtypesofjointsautosaved-180719140405-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Different types of water pump
More from VijithaVikneshwaran
Different types of water pump
- 1. Different types ofWater pump Vijitha Vikneshwaran Lecturer (Temporary) Faculty of Technology University of Jaffna
- 2. Diaphragm Piston Plunger Reciprocating Rotary Mixed flow Gear Lobe SlidingVane Screw Axial flow Centrifugal Rotodynamic Turbine Positive displacement PUMP 2 2 Types of pumps
- 3. Typesofpumps,cont…. Figure 01: Rotodynamicpump Figure 02: Positive Displacement pump 3
- 4. Rotodynamic pump • Ithas a rotating element which rotates in a casing and imparts energy to water. • There are 4 types, •Centrifugal •Axial flow •Mixed flow •Turbine • The rotating element is impeller which creates radial flow of water. 4
- 5. Rotodynamic pump Figure 03:Axial flow pump Figure 04: Mixed flow pump 5
- 6.
- 7. Pumping theory: • Energyis imparted to the water by a unit of rotating vanes called an impeller, which are located in a stationary body called the casing. • Water is pushed into the center or eye of the impeller by atmospheric or water pressure. • Then it sets into a rotary motion by the impeller. • The rotating movement causes a centrifugal force to act upon the water. • It drives the water outward, between the vanes of the impeller, into the surrounding casing from where it moves to the pump outlet. 7 Centrifugal pump
- 8. Casing • Impellers arefitted inside casings. • The area of flow of the casing gradually increases in the direction of flow of water. • It convert kinematic energy into pressure energy. • Reducing speed while increasing pressure. • Seal it to prevent leakage and sometimes retain pressure. • Support some of the key parts such as shafts, bearings, etc. 8
- 9. • There are2 types, • Volute type • Turbine type Casing of radial flow centrifugal pump Figure 06: Volute type Figure 07:Turbine type 9
- 10. Casingofradialflowcentrifugalpump,cont…. • Volute type •The volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port. • The volute of a centrifugal pump is the casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, slowing down the fluid’s rate of flow. • According to Bernoulli’s principle , the volute converts kinetic energy into pressure by reducing speed while increasing pressure. • Turbine type • Impeller surrounded by stationary guide vanes • Reduce the velocity of water before entering • Creating pressure head 10
- 11. Impellers • Impellers canbe classified according to the direction of flow through the impeller in relation to the axis of rotation as, • Radial • Axial • Mixed flow • The most efficient impeller is an axial flow one which creates high flows at low heads. 11
- 12. 12 Impellers,cont… Figure 09: Radialflow Figure 08: Axial flow Figure 10: Mixed flow
- 13. • Impellers canalso be classified according to their design into, • Open • Semi-open • Enclosed Open impeller • It has the vanes free on both sides • Open impellers are structurally weak • Use in small-diameter, inexpensive pumps and in pumps handling suspended solids 13 Impellers
- 14. Semi open impeller •The vanes are free on one side and enclosed on the other side. • The shroud adds mechanical strength • Higher efficiency compare to open impeller Closed impeller • The vanes are located between the two discs, all in a single casting. • Use in large pumps with high efficiencies and low required Net Positive Suction Head • The centrifugal pumps with closed impeller are the most widely used pumps handling clear liquids. Impellers 14
- 15. 15 Impellers,cont… Figure 12: Enclosedimpeller Figure 13: Semi-open impeller Figure 11: Open impeller
- 16. Centrifugal pump installation Figure14: installation of Centrifugal pump 16
- 17.
- 18. • Total statichead: Vertical distance between the free level of the source of supply and the point of free discharge or the free surface of the discharge liquid. • Static Discharge Head Vertical distance from pump centerline to the point of free discharge or the surface of the liquid in the discharge tank 18 PumpJargon,cont….
- 19. 19 PumpJargon,cont…. Figure 15: Totalstatic head
- 20. PumpJargon,cont… • (Total) Statichead: Difference in head between suction and discharge sides of pump in the absence of flow; equals difference in elevation of free surfaces of the fluid source and destination • Static suction head: Head on suction side of pump in absence of flow, if pressure at that point is >0 • Static discharge head: Head on discharge side of pump in absence of flow Total static head Static suction head Static dischar ge head 20
- 21. PumpJargon,cont… • (Total) Statichead: Difference in head between suction and discharge sides of pump in the absence of flow; equals difference in elevation of free surfaces of the fluid source and destination • Static suction lift: Negative head on suction side of pump in absence of flow, if pressure at that point is <0 • Static discharge head: Head on discharge side of pump in absence of flow Total static head Static suction lift Static dischar ge head 21
- 22. PumpJargon,cont….. Total static head (both)Static suction lift Static dischar ge head Static suction head Static dischar ge head Static suction head Static suction lif Static discharge head Static d t Total static h ischarge he d ead a Note: Suction and discharge head/lift measured from pump centerline 22
- 23. • Total DynamicSuction Lift or Head • (fluid below suction) Static suction lift - velocity head at suction + total friction head in suction line • (fluid above suction) Static suction head + velocity head at pump suction flange – total friction head in suction line • Velocity head = energy of liquid due to motion 23 2 2 v v h g PumpJargon,cont…..
- 24. • Total DynamicDischarge Head (TH or TDH) • Same as corresponding static heads • But it includes friction losses due to piping and velocity (tank above suction) : Total dynamic discharge head – total dynamic suction head (tank below suction) : Total dynamic discharge head + total dynamic suction lift 24 PumpJargon,cont….
- 25. 25 PumpJargon,cont…. Figure 16: TDH(tank above suction) Figure 17: TDH (tank below suction)
- 26. 26 How the centrifugalpump works Figure 18: Working pattern of centrifugal pump
- 27. • The waterbeing discharged from the pump is forced into a manifold. • This is the junction for all discharge lines. • The manifold has all of the discharge valves that are controlled from the pump panel. 27 Discharge Manifold Figure 19: Discharge manifold
- 28. • Water thatis held in closed lines and in the pump will be warmed by the friction of the running pump. • If let go long enough, the water can boil and cavitate the pump. 28 The condition when pump running, but not discharging Figure 20: Pump running without discharging
- 29. Cavitation • It occurswhen there is too much air in the pump, or there is more water being discharged than that is coming into the pump 29 Figure 21: Pump cavitation
- 30. • Pumps needthe water for, • Cooling • Lubrication • Swelling the packing • Without water in the pump, the heat from friction will quickly destroy a pump. 30 Running of pump without water Figure 22: Heat generation in pump
- 31. Advantages • Initial andmaintenance cost are low • Simple mechanism • Operated by high speed motor/engine • Durable • Cheap • Simple in construction • No metal to metal fits • Handle liquid with large amount of solids • No valves involved in pump operation Advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal pumps 31
- 32. Disadvantages • Require priming •Check valve is required to avoid back flow • Discharge varies with head • Efficiency is low at high heads • Suction is limited • Can not handle highly viscous fluids efficiently 32 Advantagesanddisadvantagesofcentrifugalpumps,cont…
- 33. • The liquidis displaced / pushed by moving part • Mechanically induced vacuum in a chamber draws a volume of water • There are 2 types, • Reciprocatory pump • Rotary type pump Positive displacement pump 33
- 34. Figure 23: Handoperating reciprocatory pump Figure 24: Deep well reciprocatory pump Reciprocatory pump 34
- 35. • Reciprocating pumpconsists of a piston moving in a cylinder. • This movement, in conjunction with a valve system allows water to be lifted from one level to another. • The pump delivers a comparatively low discharge. • But pump output is almost the same whatever the working head. 35 Reciprocatorypumps,cont….
- 36. Advantages • Constant dischargeat variable heads • Durable & flexible • High efficiency is possible Disadvantages • Initial and installation cost is high • Occupy larger space • Not suitable for pumping water that contains sediments • Maintenance cost is high Reciprocatorypumps,cont…. 36
- 37. Diaphragm pumps • Theseare similar to the fuel pumps used on automobiles. • A flexible diaphragm is used to create suction and discharge. • The diaphragm that acting like piston, can be actuated using a cranking device operated manually. Figure 25: Diaphragm pump 37
- 38. • Rotary motionis used here. • Rotary elements are cam or gear that fit closely to the casing Rotary pumps Figure 26: Rotary pump with cam Figure 27: Rotary pump with gear 38
- 39. Advantages of rotarypump • No priming • Flow is free from pulsation • Efficiency is high Disadvantages • Cost is high • Not durable • Sediments in water are damaging the pumps Rotarypumps,cont…. 39
- 40. Other types ofpumps • There are some other kinds of pumps, • Air lift pump - used for deep wells (60-80m) • Jet pump - suitable for small wells • Hydraulic pump 40
- 41. Othertypesofpumps,cont…. Figure 28:Typical arrangementof air lift pump 41
- 42. Figure 29: Hydraulicpump Figure 30: Jet pump Othertypesofpumps,cont…. 42
- 43. • It isdifferent from bore hole pump. • It is placed below pump bowel within water level. Submersible pump Figure 31: Submersible pump diagram 43
- 44. Advantages • Larger movementof water discharge • Sediment water can be pumped • Common compressor unit can be used for different pump • Good for deep wells Disadvantages • Cost high • Low efficiency • Flow is not continuous Submersiblepump,cont… 44
- 45. • It doesnot utilize the outside power • Use the principle of water hammer pressure • Developed when a moving rams of water is suddenly stopped. Hydraulic ram Figure 32: Layout of hydraulic ram 45
- 46. Advantages • Simple tooperate • Durable • Cheap Disadvantages • Noise pollution • Wastage of water Hydraulicram, cont…. 46
- 47.