Number 9 in the Maths for I.T Digital Learning sessions - This time the theme is the Hexadecimal number system.
Tasks incorporated include the following;
Hex to Binary
Binary to Hex
and more...
Understandable and user-friendly way to master the Hex way of working.
9 in the Maths for I.T Digital Learning sessions - This time the theme is the Hexadecimal number system.
Tasks incorporated include the following;
Hex to Binary
Binary to Hex
and more...
Understandable and user-friendly way to master the Hex way of working.
The 10th Digital Learning Maths for IT sessions - The theme this time being the OCTAL number system which is used widely in computing circles - IP addressing being one.
Some straight forward conversion tasks for you!
Hexadecimal is a numbering system that uses 16 distinct symbols to represent values, for purposes such as efficiently encoding binary numbers. The document explains how to:
1) Convert positive decimal numbers between 0-255 to 2-digit hexadecimal equivalents and vice versa.
2) Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal by breaking them into groups of 4 bits and representing each group as a single hexadecimal digit.
3) Convert hexadecimal numbers to binary by representing each hexadecimal digit as its 4-bit binary equivalent.
The document provides examples and exercises to help the reader practice converting between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal representations.
- The document discusses number systems and bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.
- It explains positional notation and how numbers are represented in different bases using place values that are powers of the base.
- The range of numbers that can be represented depends on the base and number of digits used. More digits allow larger numbers to be represented.
- Decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal are different number systems used to represent numeric values.
- Decimal uses 10 digits (0-9), binary uses two digits (0-1), octal uses 8 digits (0-7), and hexadecimal uses 16 digits (0-9 and A-F).
- Each system has a base or radix - the number of unique digits used. Decimal is base 10, binary base 2, octal base 8, and hexadecimal base 16.
- Numbers can be converted between these systems using division and multiplication operations that take into account the place value of each digit based on the system's base.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and programming. It defines a computer as a device that takes in raw data, processes it under a set of instructions called a program, and provides an output. Computers provide benefits like speed, accuracy, and ability to handle large workloads. The document then discusses computer hardware components, software components like operating systems and applications, and data representation in computers using bits, integers, and number systems. It also covers basic concepts in C++ programming like what a computer program is, compilers vs interpreters, and binary operations like addition and subtraction.
This document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains that each number system has a base, which indicates the number of symbols used. For example, the base of the binary system is 2 as it uses only 0 and 1, while the base of decimal is 10 as it uses 0-9. The document then provides steps for converting between these different number systems, such as using long division to break numbers down into place values for conversion. Examples are given of converting decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.
9 in the Maths for I.T Digital Learning sessions - This time the theme is the Hexadecimal number system.
Tasks incorporated include the following;
Hex to Binary
Binary to Hex
and more...
Understandable and user-friendly way to master the Hex way of working.
The 10th Digital Learning Maths for IT sessions - The theme this time being the OCTAL number system which is used widely in computing circles - IP addressing being one.
Some straight forward conversion tasks for you!
Hexadecimal is a numbering system that uses 16 distinct symbols to represent values, for purposes such as efficiently encoding binary numbers. The document explains how to:
1) Convert positive decimal numbers between 0-255 to 2-digit hexadecimal equivalents and vice versa.
2) Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal by breaking them into groups of 4 bits and representing each group as a single hexadecimal digit.
3) Convert hexadecimal numbers to binary by representing each hexadecimal digit as its 4-bit binary equivalent.
The document provides examples and exercises to help the reader practice converting between decimal, binary, and hexadecimal representations.
- The document discusses number systems and bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.
- It explains positional notation and how numbers are represented in different bases using place values that are powers of the base.
- The range of numbers that can be represented depends on the base and number of digits used. More digits allow larger numbers to be represented.
- Decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal are different number systems used to represent numeric values.
- Decimal uses 10 digits (0-9), binary uses two digits (0-1), octal uses 8 digits (0-7), and hexadecimal uses 16 digits (0-9 and A-F).
- Each system has a base or radix - the number of unique digits used. Decimal is base 10, binary base 2, octal base 8, and hexadecimal base 16.
- Numbers can be converted between these systems using division and multiplication operations that take into account the place value of each digit based on the system's base.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and programming. It defines a computer as a device that takes in raw data, processes it under a set of instructions called a program, and provides an output. Computers provide benefits like speed, accuracy, and ability to handle large workloads. The document then discusses computer hardware components, software components like operating systems and applications, and data representation in computers using bits, integers, and number systems. It also covers basic concepts in C++ programming like what a computer program is, compilers vs interpreters, and binary operations like addition and subtraction.
This document discusses different number systems including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains that each number system has a base, which indicates the number of symbols used. For example, the base of the binary system is 2 as it uses only 0 and 1, while the base of decimal is 10 as it uses 0-9. The document then provides steps for converting between these different number systems, such as using long division to break numbers down into place values for conversion. Examples are given of converting decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.
Conversion of Number Systems
Number System is a method of representing Numbers on the Number Line with the help of a set of Symbols and rules. These symbols range from 0-9 and are termed as digits. Number System is used to perform mathematical computations ranging from great scientific calculations to calculations like counting the number of Toys for a Kid or Number chocolates remaining in the box. Number Systems comprise of multiple types based on the base value for its digits.
The document discusses different number systems used to represent numeric values in computers, including binary, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal. It provides examples of converting between these number systems using techniques like repeated division and multiplying digits by their place values. Character encoding schemes like ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode are also covered, explaining how they allow computers to represent letters, punctuation, and other characters with binary values.
Digital logic design deals with digital circuits and how to design digital hardware using logic gates. It involves working with binary and other number systems. Binary represents information using two states (0 and 1) which can be represented electrically using voltage levels. Converting between number systems like binary, decimal, and octal allows digital components to interface. Basic logic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication can then be performed on binary numbers.
The document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It introduces different number systems including binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to convert between number bases, such as converting a decimal number to its binary equivalent. Binary arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are also covered. The document notes how binary numbers are represented using bits, bytes, words and other terms. Subtraction methods using 1's and 2's complement are introduced as well. Finally, some common coding systems like BCD and ASCII are briefly mentioned.
This document discusses different number systems. It begins by explaining how early humans used basic counting systems before introducing concepts like zero, integers, rational and irrational numbers. It then defines different types of numbers like natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers and real numbers. The rest of the document explains different base systems for representing numbers, including decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal systems. It provides examples of converting between decimal and binary representations.
This document discusses different number systems including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these number systems. The key points are:
1. There are four main number systems - binary uses 0 and 1, decimal uses 0-9, octal uses 0-7, and hexadecimal uses 0-9 and A-F.
2. Numbers can be represented differently in different systems but have the same value.
3. Conversion between number systems involves expressing the value of each digit based on its place value in that system.
4. Examples are provided of converting decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers to other number systems through determining place values of each digit.
Digital Electronics- Number systems & codes VandanaPagar1
This document covers number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal and their representations. It discusses how to convert between different number bases including binary to decimal and hexadecimal to decimal. Binary operations like addition, subtraction and codes like binary coded decimal are explained. Non-weighted codes such as gray code are also introduced. Reference books on digital electronics and number systems are provided.
Introduction to Computing lecture presentation to analyze the number systems handled by digital computing devices to process data, convert decimal to binary, solve Binary Arithmetic, and extend understanding of other number systems (Octal and Hexadecimal).
Chapter 2.1 introduction to number systemISMT College
Binary Number System, Decimal Number System, Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System, Conversion, Binary Arithmetic, Signed Binary Number Representation, 1's complement, 2's complement, 9's complement, 10's complement
This document discusses different number systems including positional and non-positional. It describes the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. For each system it provides the base, symbols used, an example of a number written in that system and its equivalent decimal value, and explanations of how positional notation works. It also provides steps and examples for converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers for both integral and fractional values.
This chapter discusses digital systems and number conversion. Digital systems use discrete values rather than continuous values as in analog systems. They can provide exact outputs. The chapter covers converting between number bases, such as decimal to binary, using division or multiplication. It also addresses representing negative numbers and binary codes. The design of digital systems includes system, logic, and circuit design. Combinational and sequential circuits are introduced.
The document discusses various number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting between these different bases using techniques like dividing by the base, tracking remainders, and grouping bits. Common powers are also defined for bases 10 and 2. The key concepts covered are representation of quantities in different number systems, conversion between number systems, addition and multiplication in binary, and representing fractions in binary.
The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to represent numbers in these different bases and how to convert between them. The key techniques covered include multiplying place values to convert to and from decimal, grouping bits into sets of 3 or 4 to convert between binary and octal or hexadecimal, and using binary as an intermediate step to convert between non-binary bases. Examples are provided for adding, multiplying, and converting fractions between decimal and binary representations.
This document discusses various methods of data representation in computers, including:
1. Numeric and non-numeric data types. Computers represent numeric data like integers and real numbers, as well as non-numeric data like letters and symbols.
2. Positional number systems like binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal are used for efficient internal representation in computers. Conversion between different bases is also covered.
3. Fixed point number representation including signed magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement representations. Floating point number representation separates the mantissa and exponent is also discussed.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.
The document discusses number systems and conversions between different number systems. It introduces positional and symbolic number systems. The key number systems covered are binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systems. The document explains how to count in each system and provides tables showing equivalent values. It then describes how to convert between different number systems by grouping bits or digits and using place value. Examples are provided for converting between binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers.
Digital Electronics and Computer Language Manthan Chavda
This document discusses digital electronics topics including number systems, binary arithmetic, and representations of negative numbers. It covers converting between decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems. Signed magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement representations of negative numbers are described. 2's complement allows simple arithmetic on signed binary numbers and avoids issues with other representations like multiple representations of zero.
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
The document discusses number systems used in networking. It covers converting between the binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems. The key topics covered are binary numbering using 1s and 0s, IPv4 addresses represented in dotted decimal format, converting between binary and decimal, hexadecimal numbering using base 16, and converting between hexadecimal and decimal. The goal is for students to calculate numbers between the different numbering systems.
IPv6 was developed to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. It uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses, providing vastly more unique addresses. IPv6 simplifies address assignment, network renumbering, and router announcements. It also implements additional features like improved security via IPsec. While the transition to IPv6 presents challenges, it is necessary to support future internet growth given IPv4's limited address space.
Conversion of Number Systems
Number System is a method of representing Numbers on the Number Line with the help of a set of Symbols and rules. These symbols range from 0-9 and are termed as digits. Number System is used to perform mathematical computations ranging from great scientific calculations to calculations like counting the number of Toys for a Kid or Number chocolates remaining in the box. Number Systems comprise of multiple types based on the base value for its digits.
The document discusses different number systems used to represent numeric values in computers, including binary, octal, hexadecimal, and decimal. It provides examples of converting between these number systems using techniques like repeated division and multiplying digits by their place values. Character encoding schemes like ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode are also covered, explaining how they allow computers to represent letters, punctuation, and other characters with binary values.
Digital logic design deals with digital circuits and how to design digital hardware using logic gates. It involves working with binary and other number systems. Binary represents information using two states (0 and 1) which can be represented electrically using voltage levels. Converting between number systems like binary, decimal, and octal allows digital components to interface. Basic logic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication can then be performed on binary numbers.
The document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It introduces different number systems including binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to convert between number bases, such as converting a decimal number to its binary equivalent. Binary arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are also covered. The document notes how binary numbers are represented using bits, bytes, words and other terms. Subtraction methods using 1's and 2's complement are introduced as well. Finally, some common coding systems like BCD and ASCII are briefly mentioned.
This document discusses different number systems. It begins by explaining how early humans used basic counting systems before introducing concepts like zero, integers, rational and irrational numbers. It then defines different types of numbers like natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers and real numbers. The rest of the document explains different base systems for representing numbers, including decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal systems. It provides examples of converting between decimal and binary representations.
This document discusses different number systems including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these number systems. The key points are:
1. There are four main number systems - binary uses 0 and 1, decimal uses 0-9, octal uses 0-7, and hexadecimal uses 0-9 and A-F.
2. Numbers can be represented differently in different systems but have the same value.
3. Conversion between number systems involves expressing the value of each digit based on its place value in that system.
4. Examples are provided of converting decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers to other number systems through determining place values of each digit.
Digital Electronics- Number systems & codes VandanaPagar1
This document covers number systems including decimal, binary, hexadecimal and their representations. It discusses how to convert between different number bases including binary to decimal and hexadecimal to decimal. Binary operations like addition, subtraction and codes like binary coded decimal are explained. Non-weighted codes such as gray code are also introduced. Reference books on digital electronics and number systems are provided.
Introduction to Computing lecture presentation to analyze the number systems handled by digital computing devices to process data, convert decimal to binary, solve Binary Arithmetic, and extend understanding of other number systems (Octal and Hexadecimal).
Chapter 2.1 introduction to number systemISMT College
Binary Number System, Decimal Number System, Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System, Conversion, Binary Arithmetic, Signed Binary Number Representation, 1's complement, 2's complement, 9's complement, 10's complement
This document discusses different number systems including positional and non-positional. It describes the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. For each system it provides the base, symbols used, an example of a number written in that system and its equivalent decimal value, and explanations of how positional notation works. It also provides steps and examples for converting between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers for both integral and fractional values.
This chapter discusses digital systems and number conversion. Digital systems use discrete values rather than continuous values as in analog systems. They can provide exact outputs. The chapter covers converting between number bases, such as decimal to binary, using division or multiplication. It also addresses representing negative numbers and binary codes. The design of digital systems includes system, logic, and circuit design. Combinational and sequential circuits are introduced.
The document discusses various number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting between these different bases using techniques like dividing by the base, tracking remainders, and grouping bits. Common powers are also defined for bases 10 and 2. The key concepts covered are representation of quantities in different number systems, conversion between number systems, addition and multiplication in binary, and representing fractions in binary.
The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains how to represent numbers in these different bases and how to convert between them. The key techniques covered include multiplying place values to convert to and from decimal, grouping bits into sets of 3 or 4 to convert between binary and octal or hexadecimal, and using binary as an intermediate step to convert between non-binary bases. Examples are provided for adding, multiplying, and converting fractions between decimal and binary representations.
This document discusses various methods of data representation in computers, including:
1. Numeric and non-numeric data types. Computers represent numeric data like integers and real numbers, as well as non-numeric data like letters and symbols.
2. Positional number systems like binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal are used for efficient internal representation in computers. Conversion between different bases is also covered.
3. Fixed point number representation including signed magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement representations. Floating point number representation separates the mantissa and exponent is also discussed.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.
The document discusses number systems and conversions between different number systems. It introduces positional and symbolic number systems. The key number systems covered are binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systems. The document explains how to count in each system and provides tables showing equivalent values. It then describes how to convert between different number systems by grouping bits or digits and using place value. Examples are provided for converting between binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers.
Digital Electronics and Computer Language Manthan Chavda
This document discusses digital electronics topics including number systems, binary arithmetic, and representations of negative numbers. It covers converting between decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems. Signed magnitude, 1's complement, and 2's complement representations of negative numbers are described. 2's complement allows simple arithmetic on signed binary numbers and avoids issues with other representations like multiple representations of zero.
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
The document discusses number systems used in networking. It covers converting between the binary, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems. The key topics covered are binary numbering using 1s and 0s, IPv4 addresses represented in dotted decimal format, converting between binary and decimal, hexadecimal numbering using base 16, and converting between hexadecimal and decimal. The goal is for students to calculate numbers between the different numbering systems.
IPv6 was developed to address the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. It uses 128-bit addresses compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses, providing vastly more unique addresses. IPv6 simplifies address assignment, network renumbering, and router announcements. It also implements additional features like improved security via IPsec. While the transition to IPv6 presents challenges, it is necessary to support future internet growth given IPv4's limited address space.
This document discusses IPv4 versus IPv6. It provides an introduction to IP addressing and the distinction between IPv4 and IPv6. IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 due to the limited address space of IPv4. The document outlines IP services, address representation, and transition strategies from IPv4 to IPv6. It concludes by stating the importance of IPv6 and awareness of its security implications.
This document provides an overview of IPv4 addressing and network fundamentals. It explains the structure of IPv4 addresses, how to convert between binary and decimal notation, and the different address types used in IPv4 networking, including network, broadcast, and host addresses. It also covers topics like network and subnet masks, unicast, broadcast and multicast traffic, and how to calculate network parameters like address ranges from a given network address and prefix length.
- IPv6 addresses can be converted to IPv4 addresses and vice versa through a process of dividing the octets by 16 and representing the quotients and remainders in hexadecimal.
- For example, the IPv4 address 192.168.99.1 would convert to the IPv6 portion 2002:C0A8:6301::1/64 by dividing each octet by 16 to get the hexadecimal representation.
- Converting back, the hexadecimal values C0A8:6301 would be reconverted to decimal by multiplying the hexadecimal places by 16 and 1, respectively, and summed to get the original IPv4 address 192.168.99.1.
A very small introduction to IP version 6 presented by Michael Dabydeen to the 2nd Year Students in the CSI 2103 class at the University of Guyana Berbice Campus, on Wednesday Nov 7th, 2012
This document discusses IP Version 4 and IP Version 6. It provides details on:
- IP addresses being assigned to devices on a TCP/IP network and their format
- IPv4 using 32-bit addresses with a maximum of 4 billion addresses
- IPv6 using 128-bit addresses divided into blocks to provide vastly more addresses than IPv4
- The improvements IPv6 provides over IPv4 like a much larger address space to fulfill future internet growth needs.
Reviews core networking concepts relevant for the Cloud practitioner. We use AWS as the platform. However the content is generally applicable across clouds.
Note: The instructor-led version of this presentation is at:
https://www.udemy.com/course/primer-for-the-aws-cloud-networking/
The Udemy.com course titled Primer for the AWS Cloud: Networking.
Modern networking for php developers - Dutch PHP conference 2015SynchroM
Many developers are stuck in the world of old-school IPv4 - it's an easy and comfortable place to be! But beneath the cosy world of PHP, your network layer has been undergoing major changes that might be outside your comfort zone. IPv6, SPDY (aka HTTP/2.0) and SSL are all important technologies that you need to get to grips with, both inside and outside PHP. This talk covers the key features of these technologies and how you can use them to improve your app's availability, performance and security.
This talk was presented at the Dutch PHP conference 2015
The IDEA encryption algorithm was designed in 1990 at ETH Zurich. It operates on 64-bit plaintext blocks, has a 128-bit key, and consists of 8 rounds of processing with 16-bit subkeys derived from the main key. The algorithm mixes XOR, addition modulo 216, and multiplication modulo 216 + 1 operations on its 16-bit subblocks at each round. IDEA is faster than DES in software implementations and remains secure against known cryptanalytic attacks due to its large key size and complex operations.
The document discusses different number systems used in computing including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of how to represent numbers and perform conversions between the number systems. The key points are:
- Decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal are the main number systems used in computing.
- Binary is most commonly used in digital circuits and computers due to having only two states representing on and off.
- Octal and hexadecimal allow more compact representation of numbers than binary by grouping binary digits.
- Methods for converting between the number systems involve grouping digits and looking up values in tables.
This document discusses IPv6 addressing and how it differs from IPv4 addressing. Some key points:
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long compared to 32 bits for IPv4, represented by 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
- IPv6 address space is huge, with 2^128 possible addresses compared to 2^32 for IPv4.
- IPv6 addresses support zero compression where consecutive fields of zeros can be represented by double colon.
- Common IPv6 addresses include loopback of ::1, unspecified address of ::, and site-local and link-local addresses have specific prefixes.
This document provides an overview of IP v4 subnetting. It begins with an introduction to the need for subnetting to optimize limited IP addresses. The author then reviews binary and decimal conversions, IP address classes, and the basics of public vs private addresses and CIDR notation. The main section covers the step-by-step process of subnetting using a class C address as an example. The steps include writing the binary conversion table, identifying the subnet mask, separating the network and host portions, and performing the necessary binary operations to calculate the network address, broadcast address, and host range. The goal is to simplify subnetting using techniques the author has learned through training and experience.
what/why/how of IPv6 || 2002:3239:43c3::1Anshu Prateek
IPv6 is the successor to IPv4 and was developed to address the problem of IPv4 running out of addresses. IPv6 implements a new 128-bit addressing system that provides many more addresses than IPv4. Transitioning to IPv6 is important for businesses to allow for personalized content, targeted advertising, and to avoid issues with widespread network address translation. Individuals and organizations can obtain IPv6 access through their ISP's native implementation, by using tunneling services like Tunnelbroker.net, or via protocols like 6to4 and Teredo that tunnel IPv6 traffic over IPv4 networks.
The document discusses the need for organizations to deploy IPv6 in order to avoid business continuity risks as IPv4 addresses run out. It provides guidance on requesting IPv6 address space and deploying IPv6 routing within an organization's network. It also addresses common excuses for not deploying IPv6 and notes that initial IPv6 deployment takes less than one day of work. The document aims to convince readers that IPv6 deployment is straightforward and urgently needed.
Size, Number of addresses, Comparison to IPv4, header format, Addressing Format, zero compression, Ports, network prefix, address allocation, Multicast instead of Broadcast, auto configuration,
This document provides an overview of implementing IPv4, including:
- Lessons on TCP/IP protocols, IPv4 addressing, subnetting, and configuration/troubleshooting of IPv4
- Formatting IPv4 addresses using dotted decimal notation and relating this to binary numbers
- Classifying IPv4 addresses as private or public and examples of simple/complex IPv4 implementations
- Benefits of subnetting like segmenting traffic and techniques for calculating subnet/host addresses
- Tools for configuring and troubleshooting IPv4 like Windows PowerShell, Ping, Tracert, and Message Analyzer
This document compares IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. It discusses that IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses written in dotted decimal format, with classes A-C used for networks. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal with 8 segments to provide vastly more addresses than IPv4 to accommodate continued network growth.
Similar to 10 hexadecimal number system student (20)
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Hexadecimal Number System
• Topic Definitions
• A Question!
• Lesson learning outcomes
• Hex Character Range
• Binary – Hex Conversion
• Hex – Binary Conversion
• Hex – Denary Conversion
3. • Hexadecimal: "Hexadecimal" means "based on 16" (From Greek hexa:
"six" and Latin decima: "a tenth part").
• Decimal: Based on 10; Example: the numbers we use in everyday life
are decimal numbers, because there are 10 of them
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9).
• Denary: Same as Decimal – Base 10
• Binary: The word binary comes from "Bi-" meaning two. We see "bi-" in
words such as "bicycle" (two wheels) or "binocular" (two eyes).
Binary only uses 2 digits; 1 & 0
• Octal: An Octal Number uses only these 8 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7 Examples:
• 10 in Octal equals 8 in the Decimal Number System.
• 167 in Octal equals 119 in the Decimal Number System.
Also called Base 8.
Definitions:
4. • Identify the concept of Hex
• Establish the purpose of Hex
• Compare Base 2, Base 10 and Base 16
• Convert Hex to Denary and Binary – And Back
6. By the end of this session:
All will be able to convert positive denary whole
numbers (0-255) into 2-digit hexadecimal
numbers and vice versa
Most will be able to convert between binary and
hexadecimal equivalents of the same number
Some will be able to explain the use of
hexadecimal numbers to represent binary
numbers
7. Hexadecimal Character Range:
(16 Values)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 A B C D E F
The word "Hexadecimal" means "based on 16"
(From Greek hexa: "six" and Latin decima: "a
tenth part").
8. Binary – Hex Conversion:
To convert binary to hexadecimal you need to
break it down into nibbles (blocks of 4 bits).
1 0 0 0
1st Nibble
1 1 0 1
2nd Nibble
(The binary number 10001101 in denary is: 141)
Binary to Denary Calculation Table
Denary Values 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary Values 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
Explanation: 128 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 141
9. Binary – Hex Conversion (2):
We now convert each nibble into Denary;
Binary to Denary Calculation Table – First Nibble
Denary Values 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary Values 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
First Nibble Value: 8
Binary to Denary Calculation Table – Second Nibble
Denary Values 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary Values 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
Second Nibble
Value:
13
10. Binary – Hex Conversion (3):
We now convert 8 and 13 into Hexadecimal;
Remember that 13 = D in hexadecimal:
141 would be represented as 8D.
Hex Values: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Denary Values: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Hex Values: 8 9 A B C D E F
Denary Values: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Hex Conversion: 8D
11. Your Turn:
Binary-Hex conversions
1. Convert 11111111 to hex
2. Convert 11011011 to hex
3. Convert 10010011 to hex
4. Convert 11000011 to hex
5. Convert 00110110 to hex
12. Your Turn:
Denary-Hex conversions
1. Convert 4010 to hex
2. Convert 6410 to hex
3. Convert 14010 to hex
Note:
Simply convert your Denary values to
Binary, then Binary to Hex
13. Hex - Binary Conversion:
To convert hexadecimal to binary you just reverse
the process.
Convert each part of the hexadecimal number into
nibbles of binary numbers.
For Example:
Calculation Table
Hex Value 8 D
Denary Values 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
Binary Values 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
14. Hex – Binary
Conversion Table:
Denary Binary Hex Denary Binary Hex
0 0000 0 8 1000 8
1 0001 1 9 1001 9
2 0010 2 10 1010 A
3 0011 3 11 1011 B
4 0100 4 12 1100 C
5 0101 5 13 1101 D
6 0110 6 14 1110 E
7 0111 7 15 1111 F
15. Your Turn:
Hex-Binary conversions
1. Convert 4D to binary
2. Convert 2F to binary
3. Convert 72 to binary
4. Convert 90 to binary
5. Convert 3B to binary
Note: Hex is also written; 3616
16. Your Turn:
Hex - Denary conversions
1. Convert 4D to denary -
2. Convert 2F to denary -
3. Convert 91 to denary -
4. Convert AA to denary -
5. Convert F1 to denary -
18. Why Do We Need IPv6?
• The driver for the uptake of 128-bit IPv6 will be the
shortage of 32-bit IPv4 addresses on the internet. IPv6
is also more secure. For example, it can overcome the
lack of security and prioritization of IPv4 datagrams.
• In the mid-term we are beset with compatibility problems
because IPv4-only clients cannot communicate with
IPv6-only routers. Thus for most business scenarios
migrating to an IPv6-only network is not the answer just
yet.
• Until IPv4 is switched off, networks will need to cater for
both protocol stacks, and develop strategies to work
seamlessly with both types of IP node.
19. Five Useful IPv6 Concepts
• Stateful IP addresses are given out by a DHCP server. Usually DHCP in addition
to the IPv6 hex number, the clients get the address of the default gateway and
probably a DNS server or two.
• Stateless IPv6 addresses are assigned by the host itself, rather like APIPA in
IPv4. This is what happens if there is no DHCP or manual address assignment.
• Link-local IPv6 addresses only allow connections with neighbours on that subnet
or 'link'. You can identify Link-local addresses because they begin with FE80, also
(FC and FD) naturally, Link-local addresses are not forwarded by routers.
• Site-local means the IPv6 is routable, but not to the internet, thus hosts with Site-
Local IPv6 addresses can use private (not ICANN) IP addresses, AND can
connect to any other Site-local address within the organisation. Such site-local
addresses all start with FEC0.
• Neighbour Discovery (ND) This concepts means that machines determine
information about their nearest router. The idea is also that if an IPv6 stack can
obtain information about other nodes, then you won't get the problem of duplicate
IP addresses.
20. IPv6 Changes in Windows 8
• Any operating systems running a dual stack (IPv4 and IPv6) is going to face
connectivity problems. Naturally, if there is connectivity for both IPv4 and IPv6
then Windows 8 (or 7) will favour the IPv6 path. What irritated Windows 7 users is
where the OS cannot detect an IPv6 path and there is a delay while it figures out
how long to wait trying the non-existent IPv6 path.
• In Windows 8, Microsoft has developed a better algorithm than Windows 7, it
checks the state of the IPv6 path at initial configuration. If no IPv6 connectivity
exists it will be marked as unreachable, and the IPv4 will seek the traditional IPv4
route.
• There are also changes on the Windows Server 2012, in particular NAT64/DNS64
is now built-in. This caters for networks running IPv6 internally, but using IPv4 for
the internet. Incidentally, PowerShell v3 on the Server 2012 provides better
cmdlets to manage IPv6 configuration options.
21. IPv6 Maths - See the Big Picture
• Experts tell us that IPv4 would generate 4,294,967,296 possible IP addresses. In
practice it turned out there were only about 17 million useful addresses.
• With the 128bit IPv6 addresses, the same experts say there should be
340,300,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 IP addresses.
• However, there may be as few as: 18,000,000,000,000 useful IPv6
addresses. This shortfall is partly due to reserved and unassigned bits in the
128bit address.
• The other reason for this reduced number of usable IP addresses is a design
feature whereby 64-bits are taken up with the Interface ID (Mac Number).
• Even with this surprisingly low estimate, it still means that everybody on the planet
could be given 3,000 IP addresses. One day, we could see one IPv6 for the
computer, one for the phone, car, fridge, cooker and every other appliance - then
some.
22. IPv6 Address
Making Sense of the Actual Hex Numbers
• IPv6 uses hexadecimal, which is base 16 this is why you now see IP addresses
containing not only numbers, but also the letters ABCDEF, for example:
2001:0618:71B3:08C3:1319:8C2D:0271:6017
• As you can see, 128-bit numbers are split into 8 groups of 16bit.
• IPv4 addresses are base 10, another difference is that each IPv6 group is
separated by a colon rather than a dot. It is readily apparent that this base 16
scheme helps to increase the available IP addresses. Surprisingly, the hex letters
are not case sensitive.
• Obviously, private networks won't need any where near the full range of IPv6
numbers; as a result many of the address values will be zero. In this
circumstance look for compression of the zeros, instead of
FD01:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0005, you will see FD01::5. Note the
double colon :: indicating compression of the intervening zeros. Thus the term
'compression' in IPv6 refers to the notation and not to the protocol packets
themselves. Remember that you can only use the double colon once in each IP
address.
23. IPv6 and MAC Address
• The biggest reason that there will be fewer IPv6 addresses than the theoretical
maximum is that each 64-bit number contains the MAC address of the host.
• While incorporating the hardware address reduces the available IPv6 nodes, it
makes this protocol more efficient, secure and useful than IPv4.
• Note how the DUID* above contains the Physical Address (MAC Address).
• *DUID = DHCP Unique Identifier.
IAID = Application Unique Identifier
26. Number Systems – Task:
Number Systems Working Together
Using a structured approach, complete a range of conversions between
the number systems discussed previously. The conversions needed
are:
• Decimal to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal
• Binary to Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal
• Octal to Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal
• Hexadecimal to Decimal, Binary, Octal