This document provides an introduction to the social sciences disciplines of anthropology, psychology, and sociology. It explains that these disciplines help us understand and explain social change and the challenges it brings. Specifically, it outlines some key aspects of each discipline:
- Anthropology studies human origins, development of language and culture over time to help explain how humans live and interact.
- Psychology examines human behavior, emotions, and personality to understand why humans act as they do.
- Sociology analyzes society and social behavior to understand how social groups and institutions influence individuals.
The document then discusses how social scientists conduct research through qualitative and quantitative methods to study these topics. Qualitative research relies on words, descriptions
Using social science and design methods for social changeMuryani Kasdani
Did you know that design methods can be used to social problems, not just to create beautiful campaign and functional products? Slide through what we in InWithForward have learned in blending design methods and social science in the social context, with people in their homes, staff workers in social service and government agencies.
This slide deck also touched on designing social welfare for a context like Indonesia. The question that we ask ourselves is: how would it look like if we bring this method to a developing country like Indonesia? Is it ready for a social welfare system that looks more like a trampoline and less like a safety net.
Using social science and design methods for social changeMuryani Kasdani
Did you know that design methods can be used to social problems, not just to create beautiful campaign and functional products? Slide through what we in InWithForward have learned in blending design methods and social science in the social context, with people in their homes, staff workers in social service and government agencies.
This slide deck also touched on designing social welfare for a context like Indonesia. The question that we ask ourselves is: how would it look like if we bring this method to a developing country like Indonesia? Is it ready for a social welfare system that looks more like a trampoline and less like a safety net.
Modernization the process of social change and development with reference to ...shakirsoc
Modernization the process of social change and development with reference to economic development
by shakir ullah M.Phil sociology the university of agriculture peshawar pakistan
Understanding culture and society
Chapter 1 The social science and the three faces of the social
lesson 1 Key observation
Lesson 2 The social science
Objective
question
what is social science
herbert spencer survival of the fittest
emile dukheim suicide
Last nameNameTeacher’s nameCourseDateControversy in Soci.docxsmile790243
Last name
Name
Teacher’s name
Course
DateControversy in Social sciences
When we talk about the term social science, we elicit several different meanings trying to explain what social science is. This depends on the level of understanding and knowledge one has about the term social science. Basically, Social science means discerning our own societies and how they work across the world. To be precise in the meaning, social science could also mean the study of human society in terms of the level of economic, social and political conditions as well as the social relationships among the human individuals within the society. Social science as an academic discipline has branches which are politics, economics, anthropology, communication and the list cannot be exhausted. Each of these branches is termed as a social science. In general, social sciences encompass human behaviors, reactions, well-beings, economic and health situations and ways or dynamics of how these happen.
First and foremost, Social science has unlimited applications to everyday life. This is evident by the fact that social science has been recognized as a major category of academic discipline in many new universities. Here, we learn about factors that influence the human social life such as obedience and prejudice conformity in the case of social psychology studies. This renders a smooth functioning of the human social institutions. Secondly, social science helps people to understand the social world through interaction and make the social life work. This is the primary benefit of social science and it’s depicted through critical thinking, ways of thinking about how to solve problems, the relationships from a lot different point of views. It also makes people learn and appreciate different communities and their cultures as well as the religions. With social science, there is no doubt that people will not acknowledge each other in the society. This is because it covers the understanding of the social life and the social patterning hence, a good social co-existence. In addition, every happening is by motive in the sense that whatever someone does is by decision and not because of other forces as depicted in natural sciences. Furthermore social sciences have the power of influence on people’s behavior and this can best be explained by phenomena such as why people obey their leaders, government or why did they obey Hitler during the world war. Truly, social sciences have absolute power and strengths and, therefore, should be advocated for especially in many universities and other learning institutions.
Conversely, as much as social science is strongly advocated for by many, there is another group of people that is against it due to its negative aspects of it which essentially focuses on its weaknesses. Indeed social science has the element of reductionism which means that it rarely acknowledges the differences that may exist between human individuals in a social setting. In social scie ...
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Ic2s2 Tutorial on Modeling Human Values via Social Media DataISI Foundation
Understanding human values with an empirical approach, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, allows us to better model behaviours, actions, and attitudes towards social phenomena. It is invaluable in the design of, for instance, effective health interventions - such as encouraging vaccination- or even appropriate communication campaigns for policy making - such as sensibilization towards pro-environmental attitudes. This is important since public debate on human values often focuses on perceived threats to different values while rarely understanding or articulating how values are inferred from people’s behaviors and judgements. In this tutorial, we give an overview of how the basic human and moral values are interpreted according to the psychological literature, as a combination of individual, societal, and cultural forces. We discuss the latest research in assessing these through both traditional methods, as well as through quantitative methods applied to digital data. In the first part, we provide an overview of traditional survey methods, and discuss their applicability to the new forms of discourse, the validity of recruitment using the Internet and new opportunities this medium holds. In the second part, we consider several case studies of applying computational methods to large amounts of social media data for understanding values associated with specific domains, including politics, health, charitable giving, and privacy, and discuss how social media can capture the behavioral differences in large populations of different values. Here, we introduce methodologies for large scale data analysis including topic discovery, topic refinement, grounded theory labeling, network science, and regression modeling. We conclude with the discussion of ethical use of such modeling, including data and model bias, informed consent, intervention design, and the use of persuasive technology.
These slides explain the general concept of social as a discipline, its philosophy and main aims as to provide good values and cohesiveness in the society of mankind. The content also touch on the reasons why social science is multidisciplinary. Some examples are cited to elaborate on this.
Ch. 44-1Why Is Socialization Important Around the GlobeLO 1.docxsleeperharwell
Ch. 4
4-1Why Is Socialization Important Around the Globe?
LO 1
Debate the extent to which people would become human beings without adequate socialization.
Socialization is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society (Figure 4.1). It is the essential link between the individual and society because it helps us become aware of ourselves as members of the larger groups and organizations of which we are a part. Socialization also helps us to learn how to communicate with other people and to have knowledge of how other people expect us to behave in a variety of social settings. Briefly stated, socialization enables us to develop our human potential and to learn the ways of thinking, talking, and acting that are necessary for social living.
Figure 4.1
The kind of person we become depends greatly on the people who surround us. How will this boy’s life be shaped by his close and warm relationship with his mother?
Christopher Futcher/ iStockphoto.com
When do you think socialization is most important? Socialization is the most crucial during childhood because it is essential for the individual’s survival and for human development. The many people who met the early material and social needs of each of us were central to our establishing our own identity. Can you identify some of the people in your own life who were the most influential in your earliest years of social development? During the first three years of our life, we begin to develop both a unique identity and the ability to manipulate things and to walk. We acquire sophisticated cognitive tools for thinking and for analyzing a wide variety of situations, and we learn effective communication skills. In the process we begin a socialization process that takes place throughout our lives and through which we also have an effect on other people who watch us.
What does socialization do for us beyond the individual level? Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. Members of a society must be socialized to support and maintain the existing social structure. From a functionalist perspective, individual conformity to existing norms is not taken for granted; rather, basic individual needs and desires must be balanced against the needs of the social structure. The socialization process is most effective when people conform to the norms of society because they believe that doing so is the best course of action. Socialization enables a society to “reproduce” itself by passing on its culture from one generation to the next.
How does socialization differ across cultures and ways of life? Although the techniques used to teach newcomers the beliefs, values, and rules of behavior are somewhat similar in many nations, the content of socialization differs greatly from society to society. How people walk, talk, eat, make love, and wage war are all functions of the cul.
Running head: PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 1
PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 8
Prejudice and Discrimination
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
STEREOTYPES AND PREJUDICE---------------------------------------------------- 2
TYPES OF PREJUDICE ------------------------------------------------------------ 4
DESCRIMINATION ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4
RACISM -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
SEXISM ------------------------------------------------------------ 4
AGEISM ---------------------------------------------------5
HOMOPHOBIA -----------------------------------------5
CONCLUSION ---------------------------------- 5
Introduction
Prejudice and discrimination have been widely known to affect societal lives from socialization, access to resources and even their integrity. People’s notions to inequality and equality are the main drivers that enhance discrimination. Resultantly, the maintenance and implementation of human rights policies heavily banks on their understanding of how prejudice heavily affects their lives.
Structural inequalities have led to the development of various categorizations in the society such as ethnicity, socioeconomic and social class. These social categorizations have led to the development of various policies that help safeguard their best interest that in this case is equality. Policies in the provision of services and legislation have especially helped in redressing such inequalities. However, despite measures being put in place, implementation takes time rendering more time for prejudice and discrimination to occur more hastily.
Stereotypes and Prejudice
Mainly historical accounts, Lippmann introduced the term ‘stereotype’ to refer to the typical image that comes into mind when thinking about a particular social group (Abrams, 2010). Researched revealed that stereotyping is defined as one’s perception of others. Stereotypes not only show beliefs about the behavior characterizing typical group members but also have information about other merits such as social roles, the degree to which members of the group share specific qualities (for example within-group homogeneity or variability), and effect emotional reactions to group members (Dovidio. F.J, 2010).
Stereotypes have been renowned to imply that suggestions of what is expected from individuals in a new environment. They equally reveal people’s beliefs of others from a social context. In general, stereotypes exhibit behaviors and traits that are considered consistent to be in line with the stereotypes. Psychologists clearly state that during socialization, perception about stereotypes characteristics are attended more.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Is Social Science a SCIENCE?
NATURAL SCIENTISTS
Example Questions
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
Example Questions
1.How does that tree grow?
2.What is the effect of sunlight on
plants?
1.Why do some athletes take
steroids?
2.Why are people marrying later in
life?
3. What do social
scientists do?
UNDERSTAND HUMAN
EXPERIENCES
EXAMINE CULTURES,
SOCIETIES AND
BEHAVIOURS OF VARIOUS
GROUPS OF PEOPLE THROUGH
THEIR RESEARCH
4. CHANGE IS CHALLENGING…
• Restrained future economic
growth unless productivity
growth accelerates
• Integration of immigrant
labour force growth
• Increased participation of
older workers, youth in labour
force needs to be encouraged
• Aging population means
increased pressure on
government spending
(healthcare, infrastructure,
services for seniors)
5. CHALLENGES REQUIRE CHANGE…
• Airline/airport
security
• Integrated North
American defence
• Racism
• Terrorism
• War
6. UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CHANGE
TRANSFORMATION IN THE BELIEFS,
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, PRACTICES,
ORGANIZATIONS AND STRUCTURES OF
SOCIETY
OCCUR OVER TIME – SOME SLOWLY
(I.E. ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATION),
SOME OVER A FEW WEEKS (RESPONSE
TO A CRISIS)
CHANGE FORCES GROUP OR SOCIETY
TO QUESTION/CONFRONT THE STATUS
QUO
CHALLENGE IS TO CONVINCE GROUP
THAT CHANGE IS NECESSARY
AGENTS OF CHANGE
7. THE TIPPING POINT (GLADWELL)
IN SMALL GROUPS, READ THE HANDOUT, “THE TIPPING
POINT”
WORK ON THE QUESTIONS COLLABORATIVELY
REPORT YOUR BEST FINDINGS TO THE WHOLE CLASS BY
SHARING YOUR FINDINGS IN THE GOOGLE CLASSROOM
DISCUSSION (1 PERSON PER GROUP)
8. OTHER TRENDS TO CONSIDER?
• Gluten-free/vegan diets
• Instagram and selfies
• Black Lives Matter movement
• Rise of the Kardashians Empire
• RealityTV
• EDM
• The Occupy Movement
9. ALS Ice Bucket Challenge – a social epidemic?
INFLUENCE OF THE FEW STICKINESS FACTOR SOCIAL CONTEXT
-media attention in USA: first
time on TV Golf Channel,
live on air ice bucket
challenge
-mainstream media: Matt Lauer
did it on the Today Show (July
2014) > not associated with ALS
at this point - Participants
would donate to a charity of
their choice
- First documented
connection with ALS was
golfer Chris Kennedy
challenging cousin whose
husband died of ALS
- LeBron James,"Weird Al"
Yankovic, Donald Trump
- Presidents of USA
- Prevalence on social media
made the trend “stick” in
the minds of the public and
influence behaviour of those
being challenged
- Because it’s so simple, it
seems like it wouldn’t catch
on (counterintuitive) – no
commercials or slick
campaign
- Message is worth spreading
(life-saving treatment/funds
to fight disease)
- Cheap to participate and
share
- Spread to other countries
(Rice Bucket Challenge)
- Jumping into cold water (polar dip)
has been popular fundraiser for years
(geographic – need cold lake water)
- competitiveness (prevalent and
accepted in North American culture)
- social media pressure (bad PR move
if you don’t participate)
- online narcissism
- low barriers to entry > many did not
donate, all classes of people can do
challenge
- mass interest and individual
identification
- Tagging the challenged felt personal
- Limited commitment from viewers
(less than 1 min)
- Clicktivists/slacktivism
10. SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES DEFINED
ANTHROPOLOGY
The study of the
human species and
its origins and
development of its
language and
culture over time.
PSYCHOLOGY
The study of the
human mind,
behaviours,
emotions, cognitive
processes and
personality.
SOCIOLOGY
The study of
society and
social behavior.
anthropology, psychology, sociology help us understand/explain the process of
social change and challenges it brings
11. SS DISCIPLINES FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS
ANTHROPOLOGY
• How was human
culture developed?
• What symbols do
cultures share?
• How did humans
learn to manipulate
environment?
• How was language
established?
PSYCHOLOGY
• Why do humans
behave as they do?
• How does
personality develop?
• What is intelligence?
• How can we control
our emotions?
SOCIOLOGY
• What function does
society serve in lives of
individuals?
• What role do social
institutions have in
society?
• How do individuals
learn/adapt to rules and
modes of behavior that
govern the group?
anthropology, psychology, sociology help us understand/explain the process of
social change and challenges it brings
12. SS DISCIPLINES FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS
ANTHROPOLOGY
Understanding our
origins will help explain
how we live,
communicate and
interact with our
environment.
PSYCHOLOGY
Behaviour is both
learned and innate.
Both factors influence
and shape how
individuals will behave,
feel, act, respond to
external stimuli.
SOCIOLOGY
The groups to which an
individual belongs will
determine the roles and
expectations that s/he
will value and imitate in
her/his private life.
anthropology, psychology, sociology help us understand/explain the process of
social change and challenges it brings
14. If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.
If children live with hostility, they learn to fight.
If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy.
If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty.
If children live with encouragement, they learn
confidence.
If children live with tolerance, they learn patience.
If children live with praise, they learn appreciation.
If children live with acceptance, they learn to love.
If children live with approval, they learn to like
themselves.
If children live with honesty, they learn truthfulness.
If children live with fairness, they learn justice.
If children live with security, they learn to have faith in
themselves and in those about them.
If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is
a nice place in which to live.
GUESS THE DISCIPLINE?
15. How do social scientists conduct research?
Qualitative Data
(about non-measurable qualities)
Quantitative Data
(about quantities or
numbers)
Description • Information expressed in words or
actions
• Open-ended questions
• Descriptions and comparisons
• Analysis is based on interpreting
the meaning of information
(inferences, more subjective)
• Numerical results
• Close-ended questions
• Considered more
objective
Examples Interviews
Observations
Surveys
Laboratory-based
observation
16. Qualitative
observations use your
senses to observe the
results. (Sight, smell,
touch, taste and hear.)
Quantitative
observations are made
with instruments such as
rulers, balances,
graduated cylinders,
beakers, and
thermometers.
CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
DOWNLOAD SOCRATIVE
STUDENT APP OR GO TO
B.SOCRATIVE.COM
ENTER ROOM VAUTOUR
17. Einstein was a qualitative researcher
Read the article about
qualitative vs quantitative
research and answer the
questions that follow to review
the difference between these
two research methods
Editor's Notes
Let's examine the three social sciences anthropology, psychology and sociology. It is important to note that each discipline helps to support the other. There may be a different emphasis within each discipline, but they are not conflicting disciplines.
Society is dynamic not static!
*dynamic means always changing,
*static means staying the same
These changes create challenges for society that need to be addressed…
Observable and measurable are two key concepts that social scientists use when examining what humans do. Human behaviour consists of everything that humans do, eat, think, say, and react to. Social scientists use a variety of methods in gathering information about human behaviour. For example, they may use surveys, interviews, personal observations, historical research and statistics.
Culture: The system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviours, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning
Either way, social scientists are interested in how it all plays out
Ideas: ALS ice bucket challenge, gluten-free/vegan diets, Instagram, Vine, Black Lives Matter movement, rise of the Kardashians, realityTV, YouTubers, EDM, The Occupy Movement, online shopping, online dating
Tipping point notes
If something's going to make it you'll see the thread running through everything - TV, what they listen to, materials they want to wear
Word of mouth change in hyper world of multi modal communication
We like to think of ourselves as autonomous and self directed set up by our genes and temperament but we are actually powerfully influenced by our surroundings, our immediate context and personalities of those around us
Quiz
Identify the discipline
1. Practitioners of this social science would ask how accurately this poem reflects what we know about the development and functioning of human society. They might conduct a statistical analysis to find out whether children do in fact tend to develop into the kinds of roles according to the expectations set out for them. They might track a sample of people from childhood to adulthood to study how children learn/adapt to rules and behavior that govern their lives.
2. These social scientists would ask how accurately this poem reflects what we know about human culture. They might participate as observers in a number of cultures in different countries to study how children are treated to establish a possible link between childhood experiences and adult behaviours.
3. Social scientists from this discipline would consider people’s feelings about how they were treated as children to determine how much that impacted the development of their adult personalities. They would focus on understanding how the minds of their subjects work.
SOCRATIVE QUIZ NAME: QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE
The age of your car. (Quantitative.)
The number of freckles on your face. (Quantitative.)
The softness of a cat. (Qualitative.)
The color of the sky. (Qualitative.)
The number of pennies in your pocket. (Quantitative.)
NOTE: FLASH FILE ELO INTERACTIVE IN SAVED FILES
Qualitative vs Quantitative advanced (Socrative)
Qualitative observations use your senses to observe the results. (Sight, smell, touch, taste and hear.) Quantitative observations are made with instruments such as rulers, balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, and thermometers. These results are measurable. Read the following examples and then decide if the example is qualitative (1) or quantitative (2).
It is light green in color. ________ (1 or 2)
2. It taste sour. ______ (1 or 2)
3. One leaf is 9 cm long. ____ (1 or 2)
4. It makes a loud pop sound. ____ (1 or 2)
5. The mass of the computer is 1 1/2 kg. ____ (1 or 2)
6. It smells sweet. ____ (1 or 2)
7. The temperature of the room increases by 8 degrees C. ____ (1 or 2)
8. It gets darker over a period of time. ____ (1 or 2)
9. The flower clusters in 3 blooms. ____ (1 or 2)
10. Feels very rough. ____ (1 or 2)
11. The plant is short. ____ (1 or 2)
12. Leaves are stiff. ____ (1 or 2)
13. The veins are 3 mm wide. ____ (1 or 2)