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Pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry is the study of inorganic compounds used as medications. It involves developing inorganic drugs, ensuring their purity and quality, and determining standards for storage conditions. The document provides an overview of basic terminology for pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry, including the differences between organic and inorganic chemistry and the classification of inorganic pharmaceuticals.
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2) Product characterization determines the drug candidate's properties, toxicity, and bioavailability through analytical studies.
3) Formulation and delivery methods are developed to ensure proper administration of the drug.
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Presentation scope and classification cognosy.pptx
Scope
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excipients(e.g.,coloring,flavouring,emulsifying and suspending agents, diluents, bulking).
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Raw materials for the production of oral contraceptives, aphrodisiacs, etc.
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Research problems in the areas of phytochemistry, microbial chemistry, biosynthesis, biotransformation, chemotaxonomy, and other biological and chemical sciences.
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Merits
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Scope
The scope of pharmacognosy is broad and includes the scientific study of crude drugs, medicinal products (e.g., enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics,pesticides, allergens, and allergenic extracts).
excipients(e.g.,coloring,flavouring,emulsifying and suspending agents, diluents, bulking).
Research problems in the areas of phytochemistry, microbial chemistry, biosynthesis, biotransformation, chemotaxonomy, and other biological and chemical sciences.
Studies on poisonous, hallucinogenic, and teratogenic plants
Raw materials for the production of oral contraceptives, aphrodisiacs, etc.
As well as spices, beverages, and condiments are included in the subject matters of pharmacognosy.
Research problems in the areas of phytochemistry, microbial chemistry, biosynthesis, biotransformation, chemotaxonomy, and other biological and chemical sciences.
Studies on poisonous, hallucinogenic, and teratogenic plants
Raw materials for the production of oral contraceptives, aphrodisiacs, etc.
As well as spices, beverages, and condiments are included in the subject matters of pharmacognosy.Classification has its own merits and demerits, but for the purpose of study the drugs are classified in the following different ways.
Alphabetical classification
Taxonomical classification
Morphological classification
Pharmacological classification
Chemical classification
Chemotaxonomical classification
Serotaxonomical classification
Crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical order of their Latin and English names (common names) or sometimes local language names (ver-nacular names). Some of the pharmacopoeias, dictionaries and reference books which classify crude drugs according to this system are as follows:
Indian Pharmacopoeia
British Pharmacopoeia
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia
In this classification the crude drugs are classified according to kingdom, subkingdom, division, class, order, family, genus and species as follows.
Merits
Taxonomical classification is helpful for studying evolution-ary developments.
Demerits
This system also does not correlate in between the chemical constituents and biological activity of the drugs.
In this system, the drugs are arranged according to the morphological or external characters of the plant parts or animal parts, i.e. which part of the plant is used as a drug, e.g. leaves, roots, stem, etc.
Merits
This system of classification can be used for suggesting substitutes of drugs, if they are not available at a particular place or point of time.
Demerits
Drugs having different action on the body get classified separately in more than one group that causes ambiguity and confusion. Cinchona is antimalarial drug because of presence of quinine but can be put under the group of drug affecting heart because of antiarrhythmic action of quinidine.
Depending upon the active constituents, the crude drugs are classified. The plants contain various constituents in them like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates.
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curare alkaloids.pptx
This document discusses neuromuscular blocking drugs, specifically curare alkaloids. It begins by introducing neuromuscular blockers and their uses in anesthesia and for muscle spasms. It then describes the two types - peripherally and centrally acting, listing examples of each. The main focus is on curare alkaloids, covering their types, mechanism of action by competitively blocking acetylcholine receptors, chemistry as isoquinoline or indole alkaloids, uses historically and in modern medicine, and some associated clinical features and disorders related to hypomagnesemia.
prodrugs.pptx
The document discusses the basic concepts and applications of prodrug design. It defines a prodrug as an inactive derivative of an active drug that undergoes biotransformation in the body to release the pharmacologically active drug. The objectives of prodrug design include improving pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties like solubility, stability, absorption and reducing toxicity. Prodrugs are classified based on their structure and site of bioactivation. Applications of prodrugs include masking taste/odor, reducing irritation, enhancing solubility/bioavailability, prolonging duration of action, reducing toxicity and enabling site-specific drug delivery.
unit-1 marketing.pptx
The document discusses pharmaceutical marketing management and covers micro and macro environmental analysis, industry and competitive analysis, differences between consumer and industrial buying, and characteristics of consumer markets. It provides an overview of key topics relevant to marketing strategies and considerations within the pharmaceutical industry.
Beta-lactam antibiotics.pptx
This document discusses different classes of antibiotics that target various mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mentions isoniazid as an inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis, sulfonamides and trimethoprim as inhibitors of folic acid synthesis, and penicillin binding proteins as targets of beta-lactam antibiotics. It also describes how beta-lactamase inhibitors work by binding to and inactivating beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria, which enhances the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics. The structure of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam is also briefly mentioned.
Relationship between hansch analysis and free wilson analysis
This document provides an overview of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling techniques including Hansch analysis, Free-Wilson analysis, and Topliss schemes. It discusses how QSAR relates the biological activity of drugs to their physicochemical properties through equations. Specifically, it explains that Hansch equations relate activity to hydrophobicity, electronic effects, and steric factors. Examples of Hansch equations are provided. The Free-Wilson approach derives equations based on the presence or absence of substituents. Topliss schemes provide a methodical approach to substituent selection for optimization.
More from KomalJAIN122 (13)
Relationship between hansch analysis and free wilson analysis
Relationship between hansch analysis and free wilson analysis
Recently uploaded
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
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) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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◇申请留学生创业基金
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
1 class.pptx
- 1. TOPIC: BASIC TERMINOLOGY USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LLOYD SCHOOL OF PHARMACY PLOT NO. 03, KNOWLEDGE PARK-II, GREATER NOIDA PREPARED BY: KOMAL JAIN ( Assistant Professor)
- 2. CONTENTS • WHAT IS PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?? • BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY • DIFFERENCE B/W ORGANIC & INORGANIC • CLASSIFICATION OF INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICALS
- 3. WHAT IS PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?? • Pharmaceutical chemistry is the study of drugs, and it involves drug development. This includes drug discovery, delivery, absorption, metabolism, and more. There are elements of biomedical analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. • Inorganic Chemistry: It deals with the study of preparation, standards of purity, limit test for determining quality ,purity and storage conditions of all inorganic compounds.
- 7. CLASSIFICATION OF INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICALS