This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms. The objective of pharmacology is to provide scientific evidence of a drug's safety and efficacy. A drug is defined as any substance used to diagnose, prevent, treat or cure disease. Pharmacology includes related topics such as pharmacognosy, pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutics, toxicology, and others. The document then provides brief definitions of these topics within pharmacology.

1. GENERAL
PHAMACOLOGY
AFZAL NAZNEEN
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
• PHARMAOLOGY: Pharmacology is derived
from the greek words pharmacon and logos.
Pharmacon: active principle
logos : discourse
• The objective of pharmacology is mainly to
provide scientific data, using the drug
treatment to prove the safety and efficacy in
various options.

3. • DRUG:A drug is defined as any substance
used for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention,
relief or cure of a disease in man or animals.

4. Pharmacology includes such allied topics such as:
 PHARMACOGNOSY
 PHAMACY
 CLINICAL PHARMACY
 PHARMACOKINEICS
 PHARMACODYNAMICS
 THERAPEUTICS
 TOXICOLOGY
 CHEMOTHERAPY
 PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY
 PHARMACOECONOMICS
 PHARMACOVIGILANCE
 PHARMACOGENETICS
 PHARMACOGENOMICS

5. • Pharmacology: It consists of detailed study of
drugs, and their actions on living animals,
organs and tissues
• Pharmacognosy: It include the identification of
drugs from natural sources.
• Pharmacy: It is the selection, preservation,
standardization, compounding and dispensing of
medicinal substances.
• Clinical pharmacy: involves cooperation of the
pharmacists with he physician in educating the
patient.

6. • Pharmacokinetics: It is the study absorption,
distribution,metabolism and excreation of dugs.
• Pharmacodynamics: It is the study of biological
and therapeutic effects of drugs.
• Therapeutics: It includes the drug treatment
concerned with the cure of disease or relief of
symptoms.
• Toxicology: The science of poisons, which
includes the detection, measurement as well as
treatment of poisoning.

7. • Chemotherapy: It is concerned with the effect of
drugs upon microorganisms and parasites, living
and multiplying in living organisms.
• Pharmacoepidemiology: it is the study of use
and effects of drugs in large number of people.
• Pharmacoeconomics: The analysis of cost of
drug therapy to the health care system and
society
• Pharmacovigilance: It deals with the process of
identifying and responding to the issues of drug
safety through the detection of adverse effects.

8. • Pharmacogenetics: The study of inherited
variation mediated through single gene.
• Pharmacogenomics: The science which deals
with the heritable variation in gnes in response to
drugs.

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