The document discusses key concepts in Arabic grammar including the three types of words in Arabic - ism (noun), fi'l (verb), and harf (particle). It explains the four properties of every ism - status, number, gender, and type. Status refers to the role of a word in a sentence and can be rafa' (nominative), nasb (accusative), or jarr (genitive). The document also presents the Muslim chart, which outlines the different forms an ism can take based on its number, gender, and status. It provides examples of applying these grammatical rules to analyze Arabic words and sentences.

1. ِ‫ْم‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟرﱠ‬ ِ‫ن‬ ٰ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟرﱠ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫ِﺳ‬‫ﺑ‬
ٍ‫ِر‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﱡدﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ِن‬‫ﻣ‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ﮭ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ﻛ‬‫ِﻠذﱢ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ‫آن‬ْ‫ُر‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ْ‫َﺳﱠر‬‫ﯾ‬ ْ‫َد‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ
‫و‬
Surah Qamar 32

2. Background of Quranic Arabic
& Our Goal

3. 1. Nahw
- Fundamentals
- Advanced
2. Sarf
- Fundamentals
- Advanced
3. Balagah
Structure of Arabic

4. Words in Arabic
Arabic is made up of three types of
words.
1. ‫اﺳﻢ‬ (ISM)
2. ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ (Fi’l)
3. ‫ﺣﺮف‬ (Harf)

5. ‫ﺣرف‬ (Harf)
A Harf is a word that does
not make sense unless there
is another word after it.
Examples of Harfs in English: in,
at, for, with, to

6. ‫ﻓﻌل‬ (Fi’l)
A Fi’l is a action word which
is always in the past,
present, or future tense
Examples of Fi’ls in English: ran,
created, eating, reads, will write

7. ‫اﺳم‬ (Ism)
An Ism can be a person, place,
thing, idea, adjective, adverb,
and more. E.g.

8. Properties Of ISM
Every ISM has 4 properties -
1. Status ‫إﻋﺮاب‬
2. Number ‫ﻋﺪد‬
3. Gender ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
4. Type ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬

9. Status
Every Ism plays a role in
a sentence, and the
status of that Ism tells
us what role it plays.

10. Type of Status
Status are 3 type -
1.‫رﻓﻊ‬ (Raf’a)
2.‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ (Nasb)
3.‫ﺟﺮ‬ (Jarr)

11. Type of Status
‫رﻓﻊ‬ (Raf’a) - Every sentence has a doer. The
doer will always be in the Raf’a status (ٌ‫ع‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻣ‬)
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ (Nasb) - Anything that gives extra
information about the ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ is called a detail,
and it will be in the ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ (Nasb) status.(ٌ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻣ‬)
‫ﺟﺮ‬ (Jarr) - Jarr is that word which comes
after ‘of’. (ٌ‫ر‬‫ُو‬‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﻣ‬)

12. Status
Examples -
1. Zainab ate ice cream.
2. Ahmed became jealous.
3. The sky is blue.

13. Status
He drank juice outside
yesterday quickly.
A. What did he drink? Juice (detail)
B. Where did he drink juice? Outside (detail)
C. When did he drink juice? Yesterday (detail)
D. How did he drink juice? Quickly (detail)

14. Status
In the examples below, try to
figure out the ‫ﺟﺮ‬ words:
1. Car of Yaseen
2. Faheem’s house
3. My pen

15. How to Recognize Status
1. The teachers helped the
students.
2. The students helped the
teachers.

16. Status Recognition

17. Some Common Examples -
● ُ‫د‬َ‫ﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬
● َ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ُوا‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬
● ُ‫ة‬َ‫َد‬‫ﻗ‬‫ُو‬‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬ ُ‫ر‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬
● ِ‫ﷲ‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ُﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬
● َ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺳ‬ َ
‫ْو‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ُﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬
● ٍ‫د‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ُﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ل‬َ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫م‬ُ‫ﮭ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟ‬

18. The most important chart in Arabic
Grammar

19. MUSLIM CHART (M)
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
(Plural)
‫ﻣﺛﻧﻰ‬
(Dual)
‫ﻣﻔرد‬
(Singular)
‫ﻣذﻛر‬
(Masculine)
‫رﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺻب‬
‫ﺟر‬
ٌ‫م‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ٍ‫م‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
َ‫ن‬ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
َ‫ْن‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
َ‫ْن‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬

20. Practice
1. ِ‫ّﺎس‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟ‬
2. ٌ‫َﻔس‬‫ﻧ‬
3. ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬‫اﻟ‬
4. َ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﺛ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
5. ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺟ‬ َ
‫و‬ِ‫ﻋ‬
6. ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ِد‬‫ﺣ‬‫وا‬

21. MUSLIM CHART (F)
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
(Plural)
‫ﻣﺛﻧﻰ‬
(Dual)
‫ﻣﻔرد‬
(Singular)
‫(ﻣؤﻧث‬Feminine)
‫رﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺻب‬
‫ﺟر‬
ٌ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ٍ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ً‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ٌ‫َﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ٍ‫ت‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
ٍ‫ت‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬

22. Practice
1. ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ء‬ِ‫ف‬
2. َ‫ُون‬‫ﻘ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
3. َ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
4. َ‫ُون‬‫ﺧ‬ِ‫اﺳ‬‫اﻟرﱠ‬
5. ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ِر‬‫ﻓ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬

23. Quranic Gems
(2:251) َ‫ت‬ ۡ
‫ُو‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ ُ‫د‬ ٗ
‫او‬َ‫د‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ َ
‫و‬
(35:28) ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ِن‬‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺷ‬ْ‫َﺧ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫إ‬

24. Recognizing ending sound and combination
1. Ending Sound
a. Masculine - ◌ٌ (un), ◌ً (an), ◌ٍ (in)
b. Feminine - ٌ‫ة‬ ً‫ة‬ ٍ‫ة‬ (Same just with ‘‫)’ة‬
2. Ending Combination
a. Pair Combination - Both Masculine and
Feminine are same. AANI / AYNI
b. Pleural Combination -
- Masculine - OONA / EENA
- Feminine - AATUN / AATIN

25. Practice
‫ِﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ (believer)
1. The believer
read the Quran
2. I met two
believer
3. The believers
prayed
‫ِﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ (worker)
1. The workers were
tired
2. The car of two
workers
3. The believer
hired a worker

26. Light V/S Heavy Ism
● By default, ‫‘اﺳﻢ‬s are heavy, meaning they
have a ‘‫ن‬ ‘ sound at the end.
● There are two types of heavy:
○ Heavy due to sound: Tanween
○ Heavy due to ending combination: Visible ‘‫ن‬ ‘ at end
● In some special cases we can make an ‫اﺳﻢ‬
light, meaning we remove the ‘‫ن‬ ‘sound from
the end.
○ We have to be careful which kind of ‘‫ن‬ ‘we remove. We
can only remove the ‘‫ن‬ ‘sound if it comes from an ending
tanween sound or from an ending combination

28. Light V/S Heavy Cont.
● If a word has ‘‫‘ال‬ on it, it is
neither light nor heavy.
● Status doesn’t change if an ‫اﺳﻢ‬ is
light or heavy.
● 4 Reason for make a word light -
■ Partly Flexible Words
■ Mudaaf
■ The one being called (‫)ﻳﺎ‬
■ Categorical Negation (Strongest NO)

29. Practice for light/heavy
ُ‫ﱠﺎس‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟ‬
ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫ء‬ِ‫ف‬
َ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﻗ‬ِ‫د‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫اﻟﺻ‬
ٍ‫ن‬ْ‫ﯾ‬ ِ‫ط‬
َ‫ﯾن‬ ِ‫ر‬َ‫آﺧ‬
‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ِﯾ‬‫ﻘ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ة‬ َ
‫ﱠﻼ‬‫ﺻ‬‫اﻟ‬
ُ‫آﯾﺎت‬
ُ‫د‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻋ‬
‫ُو‬‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ْر‬‫ﺷ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬

30. Flexibility of ‫اﺳم‬
● Question of Flexibility comes only
in a word that has “Ending Sound”
● There are Three types of
Flexibility:
1. Fully Flexible
2. Partly Flexible
3. Non Flexible

31. Fully Flexible ‫اﺳم‬
● Fully flexible isms can show all
three statuses
● Most isms are fully flexible.
● Fully flexible isms can be heavy
or light.
● All the words fits in the Muslim
chart are fully flexible.

32. Non Flexible ‫اﺳم‬
● Non flexible isms only have one form.
● Look the same in all statuses.
● E.g.
○ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﯾﺳ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ُوﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
○ ‫ًى‬‫د‬ُ‫ھ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫َذ‬‫ھ‬
○ ْ‫ِي‬‫ذ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬

33. ● Partly flexible words have special
rules that only apply to them.
● Partly flexible words can never do:
1. They can never have tanween
(Always light)
2. They can never have kasrah
Partly Flexible ‫اﺳم‬

34. Categories of Partly Flexible ‫اﺳم‬
1. Name of Place - Makka, New york, Dhaka
2. Non Arabic Names - Ibrahim, Adam
3. Female Names and Some Unique masculine
names
4. Name of Colors
5. Name of Body defects
6. Comparative Words
7. Some Broken plurals which has ‫ا‬ in the
middle

35. Partly Flexible ‫اﺳم‬

36. Partly Flexible ‫اﺳم‬

37. Exceptions
1. If words have ‫ال‬ or if the become Mudaaf
they become fully flexible
2. If a place and non arab names are spelled
with 3 letters its fully flexible. E.g ‫ﻧﻮح‬
‫ﻋﺪن‬ ‫ﻟﻮط‬

38. Exercise - Flexibility of ‫اﺳم‬
ٌ‫َﺎب‬‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﯾﺳ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬
ِ‫ن‬َ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟرﱠ‬
َ‫ن‬ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ر‬‫َﺎ‬‫ھ‬
ِ‫ْم‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ھ‬‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ﺑ‬‫إ‬
َ‫ْن‬‫ﯾ‬ ِ‫ِﺻ‬‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺧ‬‫ﻣ‬
ُ‫م‬َ‫آد‬
ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ِ‫د‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺻ‬
‫بﱞ‬َ‫ر‬

39. Number

40. Number of ISM
Numbers are 3 in Arabic
1. Singular - - ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ - ٌ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ٍ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
2. Dual / Pair - ِ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ - ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ -
3. Plural - Are 6 type

41. Number - Plural
1. Masculine Plural -
a. َ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬ ending. E.g. َ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ن‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
b. Including Humans, Angels, Jins
c. Also Include Women
2. Human Feminine Plural -
a. ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ending. E.g. ٍ‫ت‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
b. Only used for Female Human
3. Non Human Feminine Plural -
a. ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ending. E.g. ٍ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ر‬‫َﻴﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫و‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺳ‬
b. Used as Singular Feminine (She)

42. 4. Human Broken Plural -
a. Un/An/En (singular) ending
b. ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ becomes ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ا‬
c. ٌ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﻓ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ becomes ٌ‫ﺮ‬‫ُﻔ‬‫ﻛ‬
d. Can be treated “As it is” or “Singular
Feminine”
5. Human Broken Plural -
a. Un/An/En (singular) ending
b. ٌ‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ becomes ٌ‫م‬ َ
‫ْﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫ا‬
c. ٍ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬ becomes ٍ‫ﺐ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
d. Must be treated As “Singular Feminine”
cont.

43. 6. ISM Jama
Looks like singular but considered plural
because Arab Said so
i. ٌ‫م‬ْ‫ﻮ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ - Nation
ii. ٌ‫س‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ - People
iii. ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ - Generation
cont.

44. ★ ٌ‫ل‬ُ‫ﺳ‬ُ‫ر‬
★ ٍ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َ
‫َﺎو‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺳ‬
★ ٌ‫ل‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ْ‫َط‬‫ا‬
★ ٌ‫َﺎت‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫َﺣ‬‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ِﻣ‬‫ا‬
★ ٌ‫ُوب‬‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬
Practice
★ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ُﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
★ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
★ ٍ‫ت‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﻗ‬
★ ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ِر‬‫ﻓ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬
★ ُ‫ﺎب‬َ‫ﺣ‬ْ‫َﺻ‬‫ا‬

45. ‫بﱢ‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ
‫ُوﻻ‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ن‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫ﻋ‬ْ‫ِر‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
َ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ْﻌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
Ash-Shu'ara, Ayah 16
Quranic gems

46. GENDER

47. gender
Everything in Arabic fall into 2
categories of Gender
1. Masculine
2. Feminine
All words are masculine by default and
will only be feminine due to certain
characteristics.

48. Feminine
There are two kinds of feminine words:
1. Real Feminine / biological
a. Like Mother, Sister, Wife, Cow
b. Common sense
2. Fake Feminine
a. Words ending
b. Broken plurals (and any non hum pl.)
c. Feminine because the Arabs said so
d. Specific Name of places

49. Words ending
1. Words ends with ‫ة‬ -
a. Most common way of finding fake feminine words.
b. E.g. ٌ‫ة‬ َ
‫َﻼ‬‫ﺻ‬ ٌ‫ة‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫ز‬ ٌ‫ﺔ‬‫َﻨ‬‫ﺟ‬ ٌ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﺟ‬‫َرا‬‫د‬
c. Exception ٌ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻔ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺧ‬
2. Words ends with ‫ى‬ (Alif Maksura) -
a. Not so common
b. E.g. ‫َى‬‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﺸ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺸ‬ْ‫ﻄ‬َ‫ﻋ‬
3. Words ends with ‫آء‬ (Alif Mamduda) -
a. Very rare
b. E.g.ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬
c. Exceptions ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬ ُ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺷ‬

50. Broken Plurals
1. Non Human Broken Plurals
a. These are always considered as ‘she’
(feminine, singular)
b. So those are fake feminine
c. E.g. ٍ‫ﺐ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬ ٌ‫م‬ َ
‫ْﻼ‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫ا‬
2. Human Broken Plurals
a. we can call these ‘she.’ By doing that,
we consider them to be fake feminine.
b. E.g. ٌ‫ﺮ‬‫ُﻔ‬‫ﻛ‬ ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ا‬

51. Feminine Because Arab Said So
1. Body parts in pairs -
a. E.g. ٌ‫ﻞ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ِ‫ر‬ ٌ‫ن‬ُ‫ذ‬ُ‫أ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ٌ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻋ‬
2. Some random words in the following story -
During a ‫ْب‬‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺣ‬(war) a soldier was daydreaming looking at the
‫َﺎء‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺳ‬(sky) until the ‫ْﺲ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺷ‬(sun) came up. When he snapped out of
it, he realized he is the only ‫ْﺲ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻧ‬(person) left on the
battlefield surrounded by ‫َﺎر‬‫ﻧ‬(fire), so he used a ‫ْﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫د‬(bucket)
full of water to make a ‫ْﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺳ‬(path) all the way to safer ‫ْض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
(land). In the hot blowing ‫ْﺢ‬‫ﻳ‬ِ‫ر‬(wind), he was desperately
looking for a ‫ْر‬‫ء‬ِ‫ب‬(well) to draw water from. In his search he
found an empty ‫َار‬‫د‬(house) in which there was a ‫ْس‬‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻛ‬(cup) full
of ‫َﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺧ‬(wine). He is tempted despite his fear of ‫َﻨﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﺟ‬(hellfire)
to take a sip but wards off his temptation and uses his ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻋ‬

52. Practice

53. Quranic gems
َ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﺗ‬ِ‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ِن‬‫ﻣ‬ ْ‫َت‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ
‫و‬
At-Tahrim, Ayah 12

54. Type

55. Type
There are two categories of type:
1. Common - General Words
a. a book, a teacher, a cat
2. Proper - Specific Words
a. that book, the teacher, my cat
There are 7 categories of Proper Ism’s in
Arabic

56. Proper Ism’s
1. Proper Names - Names of people or places
a. Amr, Bakr, Jayeed, Makka, Madinah
2. Words with ‫ال‬
a. ‫ال‬ means ‘the’
b. Words with ‫ال‬ cannot have tanween
3. Pronouns
a. he, you, I, we, they, us, me
4. Pointers
a. this, that, these, those

57. Proper Ism’s
5. Ism Mowsool - (the one who)
6. The one being called (‫)ﻳﺎ‬
7. If the ‫اﺳﻢ‬ after ‘of’ is proper, then the
‫اﺳﻢ‬ before ‘of’ is proper
Plural Pair Singular
َ‫ْن‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬ ِ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ﱠذ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬ ْ‫ِي‬‫ذ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬ Masculine
ْ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫َﻻ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬ ْ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬ Feminine

58. ★ ُ‫ة‬ َ
‫ﱠﻼ‬‫ﺻ‬‫َﻟ‬‫ا‬
★ ‫َر‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﻋ‬
★ ْ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻻ‬
★ ٌ‫ب‬ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺣ‬
★ ِ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﯾ‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬َ‫ا‬
Practice
★ ‫َﺎن‬‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﯾ‬
★ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َﺣ‬‫ﻧ‬
★ َ‫ن‬ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ط‬
★ ‫ْن‬‫ﯾ‬ ِ‫ط‬ْ‫َﺳ‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
★ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ْ
‫ُو‬‫ﻣ‬

59. Quranic gems
‫يﱡ‬ِ‫َو‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ْﺟ‬‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫اﺳ‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ْر‬‫ﯾ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ِنﱠ‬‫إ‬
ُ‫ِﯾن‬‫ﻣ‬َ ْ
‫اﻷ‬
Al-Qasas, Ayat 26

60. Pronouns

61. Plural Pair Singular
Masculine (I) R
3rd
Person
Masculine (A) N/J
Feminine (I) R
Feminine (A) N/J
Masculine (I) R
2nd
Person
Masculine (A) N/J
Feminine (I) R
Feminine (A) N/J
Independent (R)
1st
Person
Attached (N/J)
َ
‫ُو‬‫ھ‬ - He
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ھ‬- Both of them
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ھ‬ - They
َ‫ِﻲ‬‫ھ‬ - She
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ھ‬- Both of them (f)
‫ُنﱠ‬‫ھ‬ - They (F)
َ‫ْت‬‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - You
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - Both of you
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - All of You
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - You (F)
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - Both of you (f)
‫ُنﱠ‬‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - All of You
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ - I
ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َﺣ‬‫ﻧ‬ - We
ِ‫ه‬ / ُ‫ه‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ھ‬
َ‫ك‬
ِ‫ك‬
‫ي‬ / ْ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ھ‬ / ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ھ‬
ْ‫م‬ِ‫ھ‬ / ْ‫م‬ُ‫ھ‬
‫ِنﱠ‬‫ھ‬ / ‫ُنﱠ‬‫ھ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
‫ُنﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ھ‬ / ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ھ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬

62. ❖ Independent pronouns are always in the ‫رﻓﻊ‬
status.
❖ Attached pronouns are always either in the
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ or ‫ﺟﺮ‬ status. All attached pronouns
look the same in the ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ and ‫ﺟﺮ‬ status
except for the ‫أﻧﺎ‬ version.
➢ Nasb - When it's attached with Fil / Harf Nasb
➢ Jarr - When it's attached with Ism / Harf Jarr
Pronouns

63. Fragments

64. Fragments
A fragment is less than a sentence but more
than a word. A fragment is formed when two or
more words come together but do not form a
complete thought.
Most common Fragments -
1. Jaar Majruur
2. Harf Nasb & Ismu ha
3. Idhafaa
4. Mousuf Sifah
5. Ismul Ishara

65. Jaar - Majruur

66. ❖ The harf of jarr makes the ism after it
jarr.
❖ Nothing comes between the harf of jarr and
its ism.
❖ The harf of jarr is called the ‫ﺟﺎر‬ and the
ism it makes jarr is the ‫ُور‬‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﻣ‬
Jaar - Majruur

69. Quranic Gems
َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺆ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻨ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ﺬ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬
ْ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ِﻳ‬‫إ‬ َ‫ﻊ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ِﻳ‬‫إ‬ ‫ُوا‬‫د‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫ﺰ‬َ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬
Al-Fath, Ayah 4
‫َﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬َ‫ر‬ ٰ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬َ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻨ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
‫َﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫و‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺆ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﻫ‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬

70. Harf Nasb & Ismu ha

71. ❖ The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb.
❖ Can tolerate a long distance relationship.
❖ The harf of Nasb is called the Harf “Name”
and the ism it makes nasb is the Ismu Ha
Harf Nasb & Ismu ha

73. The nasb version of the pronoun ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫أ‬ is ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬ and the nasb for ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ is ‫ﻧﺎ‬. When attached
to a harf of nasb ending in ‫ن‬ these pronouns can be written fully, or the ‫ن‬ can
be dropped. ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ِﻧ‬‫إ‬ or ‫ِﻧﻲ‬‫إ‬

74. ٌ‫ﻢ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻏ‬ َ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِن‬‫ا‬
Surah mumtahina 12. And story of women
َ
‫ﻻ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ ٰ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﺳ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬
َ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟﺬ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﻐ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ِن‬‫إ‬ ِۚ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ِ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻄ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
ُ‫ﻢ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟﺮ‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻐ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻧ‬‫إ‬ ۚ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺟ‬
Az-Zumar, Ayah 53
Quranic Gems

75. Idhafaa

76. ❖ An ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ is a construction that indicates
possession or belonging.
❖ In English, belonging can be expressed
using the word “of”. For example, “the book
of Allah”
❖ The word before the “of” and is called the
‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
❖ The word after the “of”. This is called the
‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
Idhafaa

77. ❖ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
➢ Must be Light
➢ The ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ cannot have an ‫ال‬
❖ ‫إﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
➢ Must be in the ‫ﺟﺮ‬ status
➢ Must come right after ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
❖ Nothing comes between Idhafaa
Rules of Idhafaa

78. ❖ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﺳ‬َ‫ر‬
❖ َ‫ﺲ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﺟ‬
❖ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺳ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫ﻮ‬َ‫ﻗ‬
❖ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫َﺑ‬‫ر‬
❖ َ‫ﺔ‬‫َﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
Examples
❖ ِ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬‫اﻟﺪ‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫ﻮ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ِ‫ﻚ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻣ‬
❖ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫َﺑ‬‫ر‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﻣ‬َ‫أ‬
❖ َ‫ﻚ‬‫َﺑ‬‫ر‬ ِ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ذ‬

79. ۚ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﺛ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ﻦ‬َٰ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟﺮ‬ ُ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻜ‬ِ‫ﺋ‬ َ
‫َﻼ‬‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺟ‬َ‫و‬
ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬َ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﺷ‬ ُ‫ﺐ‬َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﻜ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﺳ‬ ْۚ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻘ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ُوا‬‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﺷ‬َ‫أ‬
َ‫ن‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬َ‫و‬
Az-Zukhruf, Ayah 19
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ٌ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻛ‬
‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬َ‫ﺰ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻛ‬
Quranic Gems

80. Practice

81. SPECIAL ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
The words above remain ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬ unless preceded by a ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬. (Time & Place)
The above special ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ do not denote time or place and can appear in any status.

82. Practice
➢ ِ‫ة‬ َ
‫اﻟﺼﻼ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬
➢ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺑ‬
➢ ِ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫و‬‫اﻟﻄﺎ‬ َ‫ق‬ْ‫ﻮ‬َ‫ﻓ‬
➢ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺳ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻞ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﻗ‬
➢ ْ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻣ‬
➢ ِ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﻐ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ف‬ْ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺧ‬
➢ ْ‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫د‬
➢ ُ‫ﺾ‬ْ‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬
َ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬‫َﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
➢ ٍ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻏ‬

83. SPECIAL Case with ‫ﱞ‬‫ل‬ُ‫ﻛ‬
The meaning of ‫ُﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ changes depending on the
number and type of the ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬
➢ If the ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ is SINGULAR AND COMMON,
the meaning is “each and every”
● Ex. ٍ‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ُﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ - Each and every masjid
➢ If the ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ is SINGULAR AND PROPER,
the meaning is “the entire”
● Ex. ِ‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺠ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ - The entire masjid
➢ If the ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎف‬ is PLURAL AND PROPER, the
meaning is “all of”
● Ex. ِ‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺟ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ - al of masjid

84. ‫اﻟﺧﻣﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء‬ (Five Isms)
The five special isms are called so because when these words are mudhafs their
status is not shown by ending sound or ending combination. Their status is
shown by ending letter.

85. Mawsuuf-Sifat

86. ❖ This is a noun-adjective fragment.
❖ It Has 2 parts -
➢ Mawsoof (descriptive part) - must come
first. There can be only one mawsoof
➢ Sifah - Description
■ Must come after the mawsoof
■ Has the same 4 properties as the Mawsoof
■ There can be multiple Sifat
■ Can tolerate a long distance
relationship
Mawsoof Sifah ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣوﺻوف‬

87. Practice

88. POINTING WORDS

89. ❖ In Arabic the pointer word is called the
ismul ishaarah
❖ the word it’s pointing at is called the
mushaarun ilayhi
❖ Rules for making Fragment -
➢ MUST MATCH IN ALL FOUR PROPERTIES.
➢ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر‬ MUST HAVE AN ‫ال‬ ON IT
➢ Nothing can come between them
❖ Rules for Making Sentence -
➢ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر‬ Can’t HAVE AN ‫ال‬ ON IT
‫إﻟﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺷﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫اﺳم‬

90. ‫إﻟﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺷﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫اﺳم‬

91. ‫إﻟﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺷﺎر‬ ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫اﺳم‬

92. Practice

93. ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫اﺳم‬ in other Fragments

94. ❖ Pointing at Idhafaa Fragment
➢ This house of Allah’s…
➢ ‫َا‬‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻫ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ُ‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺑ‬
❖ Pointing toward Proper Ism to make
Sentence
➢ This is the house.
➢ ُ‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺒ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ ‫َا‬‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻫ‬
Special Cases with Ismul Ishaara

95. CONNECTOR LETTERS

96. ❖ There are a handful of Harf in Arabic
that are used to connect units of
language.
❖ They can come between Isms, fragments or
sentences.
❖ When these ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ are used to connect
between two or more ‫اﺳﻢ‬, they carry over
the status of that ‫اﺳﻢ‬.
❖ Most common of them is “‫”و‬ And
‫اﻟﻌطف‬ ‫ﺣروف‬

97. Terminology for ‫اﻟﻌطف‬ ‫ﺣروف‬

98. Jumlah
Sentance

99. ❖ There are two types of sentences in
the Arabic language.
● Jumlah Ismiaya
◆ Sentence begins with an ‫اﺳﻢ‬
● Jumlah Fihliya
◆ Sentence begins with a ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Type of Sentences

100. AM / IS / ARE
“The break in the chain” rule
If you find multiple breaks, the “is”
goes after the first break.
FINDING THE INVISIBLE “IS”

101. Practice

102. 1. After Independence Pronouns -
َ‫ن‬ْ‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫م‬‫َﻮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﷲ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ھ‬
ُ‫ﮫ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﯿ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟ‬ ْ‫ِﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ھ‬
Common Way to Identify...

103. 2. After Pointers - If no ‫ال‬
ِ‫ر‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫َﺎب‬‫ﺤ‬ْ‫َﺻ‬‫أ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ء‬َ‫ﻻ‬ْ‫ُو‬‫أ‬
ِ‫ﷲ‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ِﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
ِ‫ﷲ‬ ُ‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻗ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬
Common Way to Identify...

104. 3. After Harf Nasb with its Victim -
ُ‫ء‬‫َا‬‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺻ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﮭ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫إ‬
َ‫ْﻦ‬‫ﯾ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻊ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِنﱠ‬‫إ‬
Common Way to Identify...

105. 4. Between a Proper & a Common Word -
ُ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ْ‫ﻛ‬‫أ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬
ِ‫َﺎن‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﯾ‬
ٌ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫ﯿ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ٌ‫ﻊ‬ِ‫َاﺳ‬‫و‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬َ‫و‬
Common Way to Identify...

106. GRAMMATICAL LABELING

107. Practice

108. Practice

109. Practice

110. ❖ Standard order of a Jumlah Ismiyah
is - Mubtada → Khabar → MBK
❖ When something is before its normal
position, we call it ‫َﺪم‬‫ﻘ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
❖ When something is after its normal
position, we call it ‫َﺧﺮ‬‫ﺆ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
❖ This causes a meaning of exclusivity
or ‫َﺎص‬‫ﺼ‬ِ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺧ‬ِ‫ا‬
Abnormal Sentence Structure

111. ِ‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺤ‬‫اﻟ‬ V/S ُ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺤ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬
ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ‫ﺐ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻐ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫َاﻷ‬‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫و‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ُ‫ﻚ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
Abnormal Sentence Structure

112. ٌ‫ﺮ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬ِ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻗ‬ ٍ‫ء‬ْ‫ﻲ‬َ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ُﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺣ‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ؤ‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻜ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِن‬‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ض‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِﻰ‬‫ﻓ‬
Abnormal Sentence Structure

113. ❖ Made up Using Templates
❖ Both of them made up with MBI
Mukadaam & Mubtada Muakkhar
❖ “He Has” -
➢ Using ‫ل‬ (harf Jarr)
■ This template is default for possession
■ ٌ‫ب‬ْ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
■ ِ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺜ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬ُ‫اﻷ‬ ‫َﻆ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﻞ‬ْ‫ﺜ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻛ‬‫ْﺬ‬‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬
“He Has” / “There is” Sentence

114. ➢ Using َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ (Special Mudhaf)
○ Express closeness but not permanent possession
■ ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ﻜ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُم‬‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
■ ِ‫ﺐ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻐ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
★ “There is”
○ ٌ‫ض‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
○ ٌ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬ِ‫ﺣ‬ ‫َﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫و‬
○ ْ‫ﻢ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ٌ‫ض‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ك‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬
“He Has” / “There is” Sentence

115. ‫َﻖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻴ‬ُ‫ﻐ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫م‬‫َﻼ‬‫ﻋ‬ َ‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ﻚ‬‫ِﻧ‬‫إ‬
ُ‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻔ‬‫اﻟﺴ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻬ‬‫ِﻧ‬‫إ‬
ِ‫ر‬‫اﻟﻨﺎ‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﻗ‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﻫ‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ء‬ َ
‫ُﻻ‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ﻢ‬ْ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ٌ‫ﻊ‬ِ‫ﺳ‬‫َا‬‫و‬ ُ‫ﷲ‬َ‫و‬
Complex Sentence