This document provides an overview of parts of speech and grammatical concepts in Arabic. It discusses: - The three main parts of speech in Arabic: noun (ism), verb (fi'l), and particle (harf). - Arabic nouns have different endings (vowel signs on the last letter) to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence as the subject (nominative case), object (accusative case), or possessor (genitive case). - Vowel signs in Arabic and their representation of short vowels - fatah for a, kasrah for i, dammah for u, and sukun to indicate absence of a vowel. - Def

1. HANDOUTS
For
Madina Book 1
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
(NO Copy rights reserved)
Subject Page
Parts of the Speech ……………………. 1
The Arabic Alphabet …………………. 2
Arabic Nouns Have Endings …………. 3
Nominal Sentence ……………………... 4
Cases Exercises ………………………... 5
Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………... 6
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an … 8
Pronouns ………………………………. 9
Pronouns-01-solved …………………… 10
Pronouns-01 …………………………… 12
Mudafu Mudafu Alei …………………. 14
Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an … 15
Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples ……. 16
Phrases ………………………………… 17
Feminine Gender ……………………… 18
Adjectives ……………………………… 19
Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……... 22
Grammatical Analysis ………………… 23
Dual and Sound Plurals ………………. 27
Broken Plurals ………………………… 29
Singular-Dual-Plural …………………. 33
Numbers ……………………………….. 35
Types of Khabar ………………………. 37
Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ………. 38

2. Parts of the Speech.doc Page 1
Parts of the Speech
In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:
Noun Pronoun
Verb Adjective
Adverb Preposition
Conjunction Interjection
In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ = Noun ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ = Verb ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ = Particle
But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.
Parts of Speech in Arabic Language
Particle ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ Verb ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ Noun ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
Preposition = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ Verb (same as in English) Noun = ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
Conjunction = ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬ Pronoun = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
Adjective = ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬/‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺻ‬
Adverb = ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬
Interjection = ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬

3. The Arabic Alphabet.doc Page 2
The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs
The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of
Alif, are consonants.
Consonants means it has speech sound.
There are three vowel signs in Arabic.
FATAH )‫َـ‬‫ـ‬( denoting “a” e.g. ‫ﺩ‬ = da ‫ﺭ‬ = ra
KASRAH )‫ِـ‬‫ـ‬( denoting “i” e.g. ‫ﺩ‬ = di ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ = ri
DUMMA )‫ُـ‬‫ـ‬( denoting “u” e.g. ‫ﺩ‬ = du ‫ﺭ‬ = ru
SUKUN )‫ْـ‬‫ـ‬( it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.
A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.
In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ (Noun) ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ (Verb) ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ (Particle)
Arabic ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Arabic ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ is co-extensive with English verbs.
All words besides ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ and ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ are ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ - Particles.
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ (noun) may be indefinite )‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻧ‬( or definite )‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬( .
There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the.
Indefiniteness of ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ is indicated by ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬ ( nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the
vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.
Definiteness is indicated by ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ prefixed to the noun.
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ a book ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ a pen
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ the book ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ the pen
Since ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗ‬ and ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ do not coexist.
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ and ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ will be incorrect.
Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e. ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬ . Even though there is a
tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite.

4. Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc Page 3
Arabic nouns have ENDINGS
to show their functions in a sentence.
Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we
go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at
home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.
In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands.
Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject
( Nominative case or ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ending )
or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
ending ).
There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).
1. Dammah ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
2. Fatah ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ،‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬
3. Kasrah ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ،‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ،‫ﹴ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ،‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬
1. When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH
It is said to be ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ (it indicates Nominative Case)
.ٌ‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬ ُ‫ﺁﻣﻨﺔ‬ . ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣﺎﻣ‬ . ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬
2. When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH
It is said to be ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ (it indicates Accusative Case)
.‫ﻪ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺃ‬ . ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ . ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭﺃ‬
3. When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH
It is said to be ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ (it indicates Genitive Case)
‫؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ٍ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺃ‬ . ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ . ‫ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the
ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN
THE SENTENCE.

5. Nominal Sentence.doc Page 4
Nominal Sentence )‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬(
What is a sentence?
Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense.
Muhammad is a student.
Hamid is sick.
The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place
or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the
predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.
In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and “is a student” and “is sick” are
predicates.
In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.
The one which begins with a noun )‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬( is called nominal sentence ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬
And the one which begins with a verb )‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬( is called verbal sentence ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬
We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.
A simple nominal sentence is of this form:
Zayd is learned. ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬
Fatimah is learned. ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ٌ
The boy is intelligent. ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹾﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬
The girl is beautiful. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬
Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:
Subject ( ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ )and Predicate ( ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ )
The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called )‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬( subject, and the other part
which says something about it is called )‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬( predicate.
Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun, either a proper noun like Zayd and
Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬and ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ or a pronoun.
The predicate is usually indefinite, and agrees in gender with the subject.
Both the subject and the predicate are marfu ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬, that is, it will have one dumma or tanween
(double) dumma.

6. Cases Exercises.doc Page 5
Put the following nouns into their respective “cases”. First as indefinite then as definite nouns;
then change them into feminine nouns and do like wise. Do as shown in the examples.
FEMININE MASCULINE
Genitive
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬
Genitive
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻙ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ِﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬

7. Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 6
Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺛ‬
Group I - I Group I - A Group U - U Group A - A Group A - I Group A - U
(‫)ﺡ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫)ﺱ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫)ﻙ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫)ﻑ‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫)ﺽ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ (‫)ﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬
ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺐ‬:‫ﺐ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬:‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬:‫ﻡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬:‫ﺢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺿ‬:‫ﺏ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬:‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬
He
thought ‫ﺐ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ He heard ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬ He became
noble ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ He
opened ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ He struck
or hit ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺿ‬ He helped ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬
He
inherited ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ He
understood ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬ He moved
away ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬ He went ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ He sat ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺟ‬ He wrote ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬
He played ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
He became
larger,
bigger
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬
He
bowed
down
‫ﻊ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬ He
washed ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻏ‬ He entered ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺩ‬
He
memorized,
protected
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺣ‬ He
approached ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ He
raised ‫ﻊ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺭ‬ He
returned ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬ He seeked ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬
He drank ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬ He did ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ He
descended ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻧ‬ He
prostrated ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺳ‬
He
laughed ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺿ‬ He
searched ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺑ‬ He broke ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ He killed ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬
He
became
happy
‫ﺡ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ He cut ‫ﻊ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ He knew ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬ He studied ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
He rode ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬ He
gathered ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ He lied ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ He lived ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺳ‬
He
worked ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ He
prevented ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ He was
patient ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺻ‬ He
thanked ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺷ‬
He knew ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ He
explained ‫ﺡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬
He
triumphed ,
overpowered
‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻏ‬ He cooked ‫ﺦ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬
He showed
mercy upon ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺭ‬ He
succeeded ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻧ‬ He carried ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺣ‬ He created ‫ﻖ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬
He
followed ‫ﻊ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺗ‬ He
benefited ‫ﻊ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ He looked ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻧ‬
He
began ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ He left ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬
He asked ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺳ‬ He
attended ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﺣ‬
He read ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ He failed ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
He
provided ,
bestowed or
blessed
‫ﻕ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﺭ‬
He
remembered
or mentioned
‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬
He
worshipped ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬
He came
out or
exited
‫ﺝ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬
He
ordered ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬
He ate ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬
He took ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺃ‬

8. Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 7
The Conjugation of the Past Tense -‫ﻲ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action (‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ) is ALWAYS present. Either
attached or in its hidden form.
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ Suffix
He wrote ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ NIL ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
They (2 men) wrote
‘Alif’ of
Dual ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬)‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬( ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
They (more than 2 men) wrote
‘Waw’ of
Plural ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻭ‬( ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
She wrote
‘Ta’ is the
sign of
feminine
‫ﺚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
They (2 women) wrote ‫ﺍ‬)‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬( ‫ﺕ‬+‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
They (more than 2 women) wrote
‘Nun’ of the
women
kind
‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
You (man) wrote ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (2 men) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (more than 2 men) wrote ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (woman) wrote ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (2 women) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
You (more than 2 women) wrote ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
I (male or female) wrote ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
We (male or female) wrote ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ - hidden, implied, understood, tacit. ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ - The subject, i.e., the doer of the action.
The ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃ‬ of the third form (‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬) is not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ (the
alif of protection). It ‘protects’ verbs like ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ (they took) where the ‫ﻭ‬ is not joined to the body of the
verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction ‫ﻭ‬ meaning ‘and’.
Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached ( ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬ ). Only in two forms, i.e., ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
and ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬ it can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence.

9. Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur'an.doc Page 8
References from the Noble Quran for ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ِﺑـ‬
by, at, in
‫ِﻟـ‬
belongs to,
for
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬
away from
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
in
‫ﺇﱃ‬
to
‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
from
‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬
on
2:8 And there are people (from men are) who say,
“We believe in God and (in) the Last Day” ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻭ‬ ِ‫ﹺﺎﷲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫َﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
17:1 From the Inviolable House of Worship [at
Mecca] to the far distant Place of Worship [at
Jerusalem]
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
24:58 before the prayer of daybreak ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ٰ‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
24:58 and after the prayer of night fall ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺸﺂ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺓ‬ٰ‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
2:10 In their hearts is a disease ‫ﺽ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
2:17 and leaves them in utter darkness ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻇ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
2:27 and spread corruption in the earth ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
2:256 There shall be no coercion in matters of faith ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻵ‬
2:284 Unto God belongs all that is in the heavens and
all that is in the earth. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ٰﻮﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﷲ‬ِ
3:6 He is Who shapes you in the wombs ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱠﺬﻱ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
3:46 and he shall speak unto men in his cradle ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬
3:85 and in the life to come he shall be among (from)
the lost ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﹾﺨﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬
5:41 Theirs shall be (to them belongs) ignominy in
this world, and (to them belongs) awesome suffering
in the life to come
‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬
5:54 who strive hard in God’s cause ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹺﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻳ‬

10. Pronouns.doc Page 9
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ and ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ٌ Form ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ Form
Pronouns of Nasb and Jarr
the attached form
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
Pronouns of Raf’
the separate form
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
Nasb ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ means they are ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Jarr ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ means they are ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Raf’ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺭ‬ means they are ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
ِ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻱ‬* ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬
* this is known as ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻳﺎ‬ – Ya of the first person
Kinds of Pronouns ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬ُ (Plural) / ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬ (Singular)
Pronouns are either separate ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
or attached ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬.
The separate pronouns, also called
detached pronouns,‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬ are
independent and are not attached to any
other word.
The attached pronouns ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
are not independent, but are always
attached to other words.
In the beginning of our studies we will
learn the basic forms. As we progress we
will learn them in greater details
in book III ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ َ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ .
The pronouns are ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ (fixed), i.e.,
they are not declinable. They remain
stationary in one FORM.
But they do have one fixed form when
they are ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ and another fixed form
when they are ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ or ‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬ .
For ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ and ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ٌ there is
only one form for attached pronouns
which we will study here.

11. Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 10
Please note: When a word ends with ‫ﻱ‬ and we attach to it the pronoun ‫ﻱ‬ (of the speaker) it results in ‫ﻱ‬
...‫ﻱ‬+‫ﻱ‬)‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬... = (‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬
(plural)
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
(singular)
Pronouns
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻰ‬
on
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬
in
‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬
to
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬
from
‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
in Muhammad’s
book
=
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻪ‬
in his book
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
Muhammad’s
book
=
‫ﻛ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
his book
in the accusative
and genitive
cases
in the
nominative
case
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬

12. Pronouns-01-solved.doc Page 11
‫ﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬
(plural)
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
(singular)
Pronouns
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬
with
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬
at, by, near, at
the time when
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬
from, off,
about,
away from,
concerning
ِ‫ﺑـ‬
with, by,
in, at, on
ِ‫ﻟـ‬
for
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
in Muhammad’s
house
=
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
in his house
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
Muhammad’s
house
=
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
his house
in the
accusative
and genitive
cases
in the
nominati
ve
case
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ﻙ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬

13. Pronouns-01.doc Page 12
‫ﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬
(plural)
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
(singular)
Pronouns
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻰ‬
on
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬
in
‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬
to
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻦ‬
from
‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
in Muhammad’s
book
=
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻪ‬
in his book
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
Muhammad’s
book
=
‫ﻛ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
his book
in the accusative
and genitive
cases
in the
nominative
case
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬
Please note: When a word ends with ‫ﻱ‬ and we attach to it the pronoun ‫ﻱ‬ (of the speaker) it results in ‫ﻱ‬
...‫ﻱ‬+‫ﻱ‬)‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬... = (‫ﻱ‬

14. Pronouns-01.doc Page 13
‫ﺿ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺮ‬
(plural)
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬
(singular)
Pronouns
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻣ‬
with
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬
at, by, near, at
the time when
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬
from, off,
about,
away from,
concerning
ِ‫ﺑـ‬
with, by,
in, at, on
ِ‫ﻟـ‬
for
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
in Muhammad’s
house
=
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
in his house
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
Muhammad’s
house
=
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬
his house
in the
accusative
and genitive
cases
in the
nominati
ve
case
‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
ِ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬

15. Mudafu Mudafu Alei.doc Page 14
The Possessive (or Genitive) Case ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬-
More Examples from Qur’an and Hadith
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﻋ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﺮﺁ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻧ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬ ُ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺭ‬ ُ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍﻵ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ُ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺲ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﷲ‬ِ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻋﺎ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ُِ‫ﷲ‬

16. Mudafu Mudafu Alei From Qur'an.doc Page 15
References from the Noble Quran for ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬-
114:1 Say you, I seek refuge in the Lord of all
mankind. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬
110:1 When the help of Allah comes ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ َ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬
97:3 The Night of Power is better than a thousand
months. ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
78:37 From Him Who is the Lord of the universe
and the earth and all that is in between them. ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺭ‬
12:38 That is a grace of Allah upon us and upon
mankind. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬
85:10 and for them is the torment of fire ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
2:39 They are the people of the hell. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬
24:35 Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ٰﻮﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
50:42 This is the day of coming forth from the
graves. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺝ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬
7:73 This is the she camel of Allah. ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬
9:30 and the Christians said “Masih (Christ) is the
son of Allah”. ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﭐ‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ :‫ﻯ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬
6:127 For them is the home of safety. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
39:10 and Allah’s earth is spacious. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬
48:29 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
2:252 These are the verses (Signs, Portents) of
Allah. ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺁﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬
10:25 and Allah calls towards the home of peace. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹺﺍﻟ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﹺﱃ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬ ُ‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻭ‬
40:55/77 Therefore have patience (O Muhammad).
Lo (surely,certainly)! The promise of Allah is true. ‫ﻖ‬‫ﺣ‬ ِ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﻓﭑ‬

17. Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples.doc Page 16
Some Complex Examples of ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ Please analyze them
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺞ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬

18. Phrases.doc Page 17
‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ The Phrase
َ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻇ‬
)‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬+‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ِﺍ‬(
Adverbial Phrase
(adverb followed by a noun or pronoun)
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺟﺎ‬
)‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬+‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ِﺍ‬(
Prepositional Phrase
(preposition followed by a noun or pronoun)
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬
Adverb
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
Preposition
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬
in front
‫ﻕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬
above
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬
in
‫ﺇﱃ‬
to
‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬
from
‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬
on
‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬
behind
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬
under
‫ِﺑـ‬
by
‫ِﻟـ‬
for
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬
away from
.‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ (١ .‫ﲎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ِﻟ‬(١
.‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ِﺒ‬َ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬ (٢ .‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ (٢
.‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ (٣ .‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ٌ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ِﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ (٣
.‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬ (٤ .‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ (٤
Please remember that ِ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ( Phrase), such as
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺟﺎ‬ ( Prepositional phrases ) and ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬ ( Adverbial phrases ),
can never be ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ (Subject ) even though a sentence may begin with it.
The subject of a nominal sentence must be a noun or pronoun.

19. Feminine Gender.doc Page 18
Feminine Gender )‫ﹸ‬‫ﺚ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬(
a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is ‫ﺓ‬ ( closed
Ta – ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎ‬ ) , e.g. ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ , ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺑ‬ a cow, ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ a village, ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺳ‬ safety.
However, two feminine nouns have a long ‫ﺕ‬ (open Ta – ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎ‬ُ )
at the end. They are: ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬ sister, ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ daughter.
b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maqşũrah )‫ﻮﺭﺓ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃ‬(
short alif which is ‫ﻯ‬ pronounced as ã , e.g. ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ , ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬ ( names of
women ), ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ ( smaller,f. ), ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ( greater,f. ).
c) The third feminine ending is called alif mamdũdah )‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺃ‬( ,
long alif which is hamzah preceded by alif, e.g. ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺃ‬ ( name of a
woman ), ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ( blind woman ), ‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ُ ( beautiful woman ).
d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these
endings. They may be classified in the following categories:
1. Names of women, e.g.
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ، ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻫ‬ ، ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬
2. Females, e.g.
‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬ mother, ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬ bride, ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ she ass.
3. Parts of the body that are double, e.g.
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬ eye, ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬ hand, ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬ ear,
‫ﻉ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬ arm, ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ foot, leg ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳ‬ shank.
4. Names of towns and countries, e.g.
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻣ‬ Egypt, ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬ Syria, ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﳍ‬‫ﺍ‬ India.
5. Some everyday words, e.g.
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍ‬ house, ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬ fire, ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ wind,
ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬ sky, ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺷ‬ sun, ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ war,
‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬ earth, ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ soul, ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ way,path.
All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may also say that all
nouns are masculine except those that belong to these categories.

20. Adjectives.doc Page 19
Some Examples of Adjectives
Please analyze them carefully and try to figure out the ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬
and then translate them into English
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ُ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﱘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺣﺎ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫؟‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫؟‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻧ‬

21. Adjectives.doc Page 20
The Exercises in the Adjectives – Translate into Arabic
1. A big book and a small pen.
2. The big book and the small pen.
3. A new desk and the old school.
4. A small pen and the small book.
5. The old house and a new door.
6. The tall boy and a short girl.
7. The tall girl and the small boy.
8. An old chair and the new room.
9. The big girl and the small boy.
10. The short chair and a long desk.
11. A big book. On a big book.
12. The small school. In the small school.
13. From the old desk. On the new chair.
14. An old house. In the new school.
15. A big knife and the long key.
16. On the short boy. From an old friend.
17. The big room. On the big mountain.
18. A long street. In the small car.
19. The big book is on the new desk.
20. Hamid is a short boy and Khadijah is
a tall girl.
21. Hamid is in the big house and
Khadijah is in the old car.
22. The pen is on the new desk and the
book is on the old chair.

22. Adjectives.doc Page 21
Some references from the Qur’an for Adjectives (‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻨ‬‫)ﺍﻟ‬
5:15 Undoubtedly, there has to come to you from
Allah light and a luminous Book. .‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺘﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬
4:13 And that is the great success. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺯ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
12:40 This is the right religion ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬
45:10 And for them is a great torment. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
49:3 For them is forgiveness and a great reward. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
68:4 And undoubtedly, you possess excellent manners. .‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
8:74 For them is forgiveness and honourable provision. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
44:17 and an honourable Messenger came to them. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬َ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻭ‬
2:219 in both there is great sin ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬
28:23 and our father is very old. .‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬
1:5 Guide us in the straight path. .‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬
42:26 And for the infidels there is a severe torment. .‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
85:21 22 But it is a glorious Quran. In well guarded
tablet. .‫ﻅ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ .‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺑ‬
61:13 help from Allah and a near victory ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬
26:195 In plain Arabic speech. .‫ﹴ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬
24:12 and say: it is a manifest untruth. .‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬
41:44 They are like those who are called from a far off
place. .‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
18:46 The wealth and sons are an adornment of the
worldly life ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ٰﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺍ‬
18:46 and the good deeds that endure are better in the
sight of your Lord for reward and better in respect of
hope.
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺤﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
.‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
59:24 His are the Most beautiful names. .‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬

23. Nominal Sentence From Qur'an.doc Page 22
Examples of Simple Sentences from Qur’an
85:21 It is a glorious Qur'an
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﺮﺁ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
21:24 This is a reminder ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
21:50 This is a blessed reminder ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
20:112 He is a believer ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
6:16 He is one God ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹺﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬
19:36 This is a straight way ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
11:77 This is a day ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
11:103 That is a day ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺫ‬
2:2 That is the Book ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺫ‬
43:30 They said: “This is sorcery (mere magic)” ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬:‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
44:44 This (will be) a painful torment ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
46:12 This is a confirming Scripture ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
50:2 The disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing.” ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻓ‬:‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻋ‬
53:56 This is a warner ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
54:8 The disbelievers will say: “This is a hard day.” ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹾﻜﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬:‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
77:38 This is the Day of Decision ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
11:103 That (will be) a Day of Testimony ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻣ‬
16:116 This is lawful and this is forbidden ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
14:52 This is a Message for mankind ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬

24. Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 23
Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
The pen IS broken. ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬ This IS a book. ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺭ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
The bag IS under the desk. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ The book IS on the desk. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬-‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
)‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
The merchant’s house IS in
front of the Mosque. ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ The Quran IS the book of Allah. ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬ِ
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
ِ‫ﹺﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬-‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬
This bicycle belongs to (IS
for) the son of the
mu’adhdhin.
‫ﻥ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ِﻻ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬ This house belongs to (IS
for) the teacher. ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬=‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ِﻝ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ِﻝ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬. )‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬(‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
)‫ﻥ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ِﻻ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IS easy. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ THE ARABIC IS an easy language. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻌ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻟ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺳ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺳ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬

25. Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 24
Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
My father IS a big merchant. ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹺﻲ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ The broken chair
IS in that room. ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻱ‬=‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻚ‬=‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬.
)‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻚ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
My brother’s room IS in front of
my room. ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻏ‬ He has a car (a car IS with him) . ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻏ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬-‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬.
‫ﻱ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬=‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺆ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬-‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻏ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ These ARE teachers. ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻱ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬. ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
I AM in the secondary school. ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶﻧﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ I have one brother (belongs to me
one brother). ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﹶﻧﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ِﻝ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻱ‬=‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ )‫ﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬(‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬. ‫ﺥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
)‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬(‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺪﺃ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹺﻃﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹺﻃﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹺﻃﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹺﻃﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬.
)‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬

26. Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 25
Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
The new students
WENT to the
mosque.
‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﱞ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ Amina WENT to the school. ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺁ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺁ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬=‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬=‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺕ‬=‫ﺚ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻓﺎ‬)‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬( Hidden Pronoun ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻓﺎ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺿ‬)‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬(
‫ﺇﱃ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
)‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬(‫ﺪﺃ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ )‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬(‫ﺪﺃ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Their father IS the IMAM of
this mosque. ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
These men ARE
farmers from my
village.
ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬=‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
Those tall
men ARE
new
engineers.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻱ‬=‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
The new students
WENT to the
restaurant.
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻓﺎ‬)‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬(
These young men ARE
brothers . ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ِ‫ﻹ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬ )‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻦ‬(‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬

27. Grammatical Analysis.doc Page 26
Some Examples of Simple Grammatical Analysis of Sentences
‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻜﻮ‬‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶﻄﺎ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻩ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹶـ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻜﻮ‬‫ﺓ‬=‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
)‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻜﻮ‬‫ﺓ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶﻄﺎ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
ِ‫ﻭ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﺎﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬)‫ﺚ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬(
‫ﻭ‬=‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬=‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
)ِ‫ﷲ‬ِ(‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﺎﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭ‬=‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬)‫ﻤﺎﻭ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬( ‫ﺾ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭ‬=‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺍ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
)‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ِ‫ﷲ‬(‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ )‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬(‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ُ‫ﷲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﺎﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﷲ‬ُ=‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻆ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬-‫ﻣ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬=‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
)‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬(‫ﻡ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﺎﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬=‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭ‬=‫ﻒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬=‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬=‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬)‫ﺕ‬‫ﻤﺎﻭﺍ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬(

28. Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 27
The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals
Please change the following nouns into Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals and put them into their cases as
shown in the example.
FEMININE MASCULINE
Genitive
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
Genitive
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
Singular
Dual
Plural
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺘـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻖ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬

29. Dual and Sound Plurals.doc Page 28
The Dual and the Sound Masculine and Feminine Plurals
FEMININE MASCULINE
Genitive
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
Genitive
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
Accusative
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nominative
‫ﻉ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
Singular
Dual
Plural
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺘـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻙ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﹾﺮﺩ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬

30. Broken Plurals.doc Page 29
The Broken Plurals = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺷ‬ Sheik ‫ﺦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬ Child ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ Man ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻃ‬ Student ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺿ‬ Guest ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺿ‬ ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Son ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻛ‬ Great
Big ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬ Merchant ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬ Field ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Paternal
Uncle ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ Small ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺣ‬ Pilgrim ‫ﺝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ Heart ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Spouse
Husband ‫ﺝ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻗ‬ Short ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺭ‬ Rider
Passenger ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻧ‬ Star ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻧ‬ ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺁ‬ Father ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻃ‬ Tall ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ Unbeliever ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ House ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Pen ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺿ‬ Weak ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ Worker ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬ Lesson ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Door ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬ Mountain ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺵ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ Monetary
coin ‫ﺵ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬ River ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬ Dog ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺟ‬ Pocket ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Day ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ Sea ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ Letter ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Colour ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ Country ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻙ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬ King ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Rain ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺻ‬ Difficult ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﻮ‬ Sword ‫ﻒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Time ‫ﺖ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ Knowledge ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Companion ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ Palace ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Name ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Infant ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Example ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Light ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬

31. Broken Plurals.doc Page 30
The Broken Plurals = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻏ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬ Rich ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻏ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺯ‬ Colleague ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ New ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻓ‬ Youth ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Friend ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺻ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬ Poor ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ Book ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺍ‬ Brother ‫ﺥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Strong ‫ﻱ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ Learned ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺣ‬ Donkey ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Intelligent ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬ Minister ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬ Bed ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Prophet ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻧ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬ Ambassador ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬ Messenger ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Near ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬ Governor
Chief ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ City ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬
ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Doctor ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ُ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺣ‬ Grandson ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬ Ship ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻕ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻃ‬ Way ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬

32. Broken Plurals.doc Page 31
The Broken Plurals = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬
ُ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Month ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺌ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Question ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺢ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬ Key ‫ﺡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺩ‬ Notebook ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Leg
Foot ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Answer ‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ Kerchief ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬ Desk ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺲ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Soul
Self ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Example ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ Cup ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ Hotel ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻉ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Arm ‫ﻉ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Food ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺻ‬ Box
Crate ‫ﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ Masjid ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ Column ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ Chair ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣ‬ Garment ‫ﺲ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ Ruler ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ School ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻖ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺩ‬ Minute ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ Residence
Dwelling ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻣ‬ Factory ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ Planet ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ Assembly ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬ Essence
Substance ‫ﻫ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬ Experiment ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺗ‬

33. Broken Plurals.doc Page 32
The Broken Plurals = ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ Shirt ‫ﺺ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬ Country ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺑ‬

34. Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 33
Singular, Dual and Plural
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺤﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬. ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ِ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻫ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬. ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬. ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬. ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.

35. Singular-Dual-Plural.doc Page 34
Singular, Dual and Plural
‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬.
‫ﻒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻈ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺺ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﺦ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺿ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬.
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬.
‫ﻥ‬‫ﹾﻴﺎﺑﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺝ‬‫ﹾﺤﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬. ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.

36. Numbers.doc Page 35
Numbers from 1 to 10 in Arabic
Rule # 1
Numbers 1 (one) and 2 (two) always come as adjectives ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﭐ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﭐ‬
Rule # 2
The numbers from 3 to 10 )‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬( come as ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
The things counted )‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬( come as ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴ‬
Rule # 3
From #3 to #10 the ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ (the things counted ) will always be plural – ‫ﻊ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺟ‬
Rule # 4 If the thing counted )‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬( is masculine , the number )‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬( will be feminine.
If the thing counted )‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬( is feminine, the number )‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬( will be masculine.
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ، ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ، ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬
Counting without ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬With feminine ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬
(the thing counted)
With masculine ‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬
(the thing counted) Feminine Masculine
1 ١ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬
2 ٢ ‫ﭐ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﭐ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ 3 ٣ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ 4 ٤ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬ 5 ٥ ‫ﺲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ 6 ٦ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ 7 ٧ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﹺﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬ 8 ٨ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻊ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ 9 ٩ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ 10 ١٠ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬

37. Numbers.doc Page 36
Examples of Numbers from 3 to 10 from the Qur’an )‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺁ‬(
19:
10 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﻴﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬‫َﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬
11:
65 ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﹶﻼ‬‫ﺛ‬
24:
6 ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬ٰ‫ﺼ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ِ‫ﹺﺎﷲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
9:2 ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
3:
125 ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ِﺋ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺁﻻ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬
7:
54 ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ٰﻮﺍ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻖ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺳ‬
12:
43 ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻝ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬
15:
44 ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬
28:
27 ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﹺﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﭐ‬ ‫ﻯ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻲ‬
69:
7 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺛ‬
17:
101 ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺁﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬‫َﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻊ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬
27:
48 ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻂ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬
6:
160 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺﺎ‬‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬
5:
89 ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬

38. Types of Khabar Page 37
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣ‬
One Word (Not a sentence)
.‫ﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻃﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬
.‫ﹺ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺁ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺍ‬
Type of Khabar
‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Nominal Sentence
.‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻝ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺑ‬
.‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻐ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﹲ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻃ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬
Verbal Sentence
.‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺣﺎ‬
.‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﱡﻼ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺷ‬
The Phrase coming as a Khabar
‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻇ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺣ‬+‫ﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬
Adverbial Phrase Prepositional Phrase
.‫ﺕ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﹺ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.ِ‫ﷲ‬ِ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

39. Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet Page 38
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬: (Group: ) ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹾﺤﺮﻭﻑ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬: (Root letters of the verb) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬: (Verb)
‫ﹾﻤﻨﺼﻮﺏ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹾﻤﺠﺰﻭﻡ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Will not do Didn’t do Don’t do Must do
‫ﹾﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹾﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹾﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﹾﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹾﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹾﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬: (Verbal Noun) ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬: (Passive Participle) ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬: (Active Participle)