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- 1. 1 Three Kinds of Words in Arabic There are three kinds of words in Arabic: 1) Ism: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective, adverb and more. 2) Fi’l: A word that has a tense (past, present or future) 3) Harf: A word that makes no sense unless another word comes after it. Write the alternative definitions for these words below: 1) Ism: has a meaning, unattached to time; not a fi’l or harf 2) Fi’l: has a meaning, attached to time; not an ism or harf 3) Harf: has no meaning on its own; not an ism or harf Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs. table Ism cats Ism in harf Dallas Ism of harf loudly Ism Jumps fi’l peace Ism tall Ism from harf slept fi’l soundly Ism on harf freedom Ism red Ism a harf Makkah Ism mother Ism at harf students Ism rollercoaster Ism cake Ism typing Ism/Fi’l house Ism country Ism America Ism smiles fi’l
- 2. 2 Every ism has four properties. Write the four properties of the ism here (1) Status (2) Number (3) Gender (4) Type Three Forms of Status (SUBJECT) Doer of the act: ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ / ﻣ َ ﺮ ْ ﻓ ُ ﻮ ْ ع Raf (R) (OBJECT) Detail of the act: ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ / ﻣ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ﻮ ْ ب Nasb (N) (POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’: ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ / ﻣ َ ْ ﺮ ُ و ْ ر Jarr (J) Examples: A teacher entered the classroom. A student of his was sleeping soundly. The teacher threw a pencil. The teacher’s student woke up suddenly. R N R J N R N J R N
- 3. 3 Three forms of status. Place an R, N, or J over the highlighted words. 1) My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly. 2) He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits. 3) He buys his chocolate milk happily. 4) He knows his children like it, but he doesn’t share. 5) My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas. 6) His students also like shawarmas. 7) He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes. 8) My teacher loses his phone often. 9) My teacher patiently explains hard concepts. 10) May Allah (swt) forgive my teachers. N N N N N R R N N J J
- 4. 4 How To Tell Status ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ Raf’ Recognition: ◌ ُ (u) or◌ ٌ (un) ending for singular ا (aa) or ا ن ِ (aani) ending for pair و (oo) or و ن َ (oona) ending for plural آ ت ُ (aatu) or آ ت ٌ (aatun) ending for plural feminine ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ Nasb Recognition: ◌ َ (a) or ◌ ً (an) ending for singular ◌ َ ي ْ (ay) or ◌ َ ﻳ ْ ﻦ ِ (ayni) ending for pair ◌ ِ ي ْ (ee) or ◌ ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ (eena) ending for plural آ ت ِ (aati) or آ ت ٍ (aatin) ending for plural feminine ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ Jarr Recognition: ◌ ِ (i) or ◌ ٍ (in) ending for singular ◌ َ ي ْ (ay) or ◌ َ ﻳ ْ ﻦ ِ (ayni) ending for pair ◌ ِ ي ْ (ee) or ◌ ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ (eena) ending for plural آ ت ِ (aati) or آ ت ٍ (aatin) ending for plural feminine
- 5. 5 Write the status (raf, nasb or jarr) of the words below. Indicate if the status is determined by ending sound or ending combination. Word Status Sound/Combo? Word Status Sound/Combo? 1. ا ﺠ B ﺎ س ُ raf’ sound 2. ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ِ ﺘ َ ﺎ ب َ nasb sound 3. ﻏ َ ﻔ ْ ﺲ ٍ jarr sound 4. ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺜ ِ ﻴ ْ َ n/j combo 5. و َ ا ﺣ ِ ﺪ َ ة ٍ jarr sound 6. ﻋ ِ ﻮ َ ﺟ ً ﺎ nasb sound 7. ا ﷲ َ nasb sound 8. ا ﻛ ْ َ ﻨ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ raf’ combo 9. ا ﻟ َْ ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺚ َ nasb sound 10. ا ﻛ ْ َ ﺤ ْ ﺮ َ ﻳ ْ ﻦ ِ n/j combo 11. ﺑ ِ ﺎ ﻟ ﻄ B ﻴ ِ ّ ﺐ ِ jarr sound 12. ﺻ َ ﺎ ﺑ ِ ﺮ ً ا nasb sound 13. ﺣ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺑ ً ﺎ nasb sound 14. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺔ ُ raf’ sound 15. ﺛ ُ ﻼ َ ث َ nasb sound 16. ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ِ j sound 17. ﻧ ِ ْ ﻠ َ ﺔ ً nasb sound 18. ﺻ َ ﺎ ﻟ ِ َ ﺎ ت ٍ n/j combo 19. ﻫ َ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺌ ً ﺎ nasb sound 20. ﺑ َ ﺸ َ ٌ raf’ sound 21. ا ﻟ ْ ﻮ َ ا o ِ َ ا ن ِ raf’ combo 22. ا ﻟ ْ ِ ﺰ ْ ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ِ n/j combo 23. ا ﻷ ْ َ ﻗ ْ ﺮ َ ﺑ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ raf’ combo 24. ﺑ ِ ﺴ ُ ﻠ ْ ﻄ َ ﺎ ن ٍ jarr sound 25. ا ﻷ ْ ُ ﻧ ْ ﺜ َ ﻴ َ ﻴ ْ ِ n/j combo 26. ﻣ ُ ﺘ B ﻜ ِ ﺌ ِ ﻴ ْ َ n/j combo 27. ا ﻟ ﺮ ُّ ﺑ ُ ﻊ ُ raf’ sound 28. ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ n/j combo 29. ﺧ َ ﺎ o ِ ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ n/j combo 30. ﻗ َ ﺎ ﺋ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ً nasb sound 31. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺠ ْ ﺮ ِ ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ raf’ combo 32. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻤ َ ﺎ ء َ nasb sound 33. ﻣ ُ ﻨ ْ ﺬ ِ ر ِ ﻳ ْ ﻦ َ n/j combo 34. ﺳ َ ﻤ َ ﺎ و َ ا ت ٍ n/j combo 35. ﻟ ِ ﻐ ُ ﻼ َ ﻣ َ ﻴ ْ ِ j combo 36. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻀ ِ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻴ ْ َ n/j combo
- 6. 6 Status Forms How to Tell Light v Heavy Flexibility MASCULINE Plural ﺟ َ ْ ﻊ Pair ﻣ ُ ﺜ َ ﻨ B Singular ﻣ ُ ﻔ ْ ﺮ َ د ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ ٌ Raf ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ً ﺎ Nasb ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ ٍ Jarr ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ FEMININE Plural ﺟ َ ْ ﻊ Pair ﻣ ُ ﺜ َ ﻨ B Singular ﻣ ُ ﻔ ْ ﺮ َ د ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ٌ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ﺎ ن ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ٌ Raf ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ٍ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ً Nasb ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ٍ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ٍ Jarr ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ BROKEN PLURAL Plural ﺟ َ ْ ﻊ Pair ﻣ ُ ﺜ َ ﻨ B Singular ﻣ ُ ﻔ ْ ﺮ َ د أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻼ َ م ٌ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻢ ٌ Raf ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻼ َ ﻣ ً ﺎ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ ً ﺎ Nasb ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻼ َ م ٍ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻢ ٍ Jarr ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ
- 7. 7 Light vs. Heavy Normally an ا ﺳ ﻢ should be heavy. All the words in the Muslim chart are heavy. An ism is made light by removing the extra ‘n’ sound. Do this by: • Removing the double accent (tanween) OR • Remove the extra ن at the end of the ism. NOTE: ا ل doesn’t like tanween, but an ism with ا ل isn’t considered light. The Muslim chart in light form: Masculine Feminine ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ ُ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ِ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ َ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ِ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ ِ Identify whether the following words are light (L), heavy (H) or Irrelevant (I). 1. ﻣ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ َ ْ 2. ﻃ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ َ ﺎ ت ِ 3. ﻗ َ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺺ ٌ 4. ﻗ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ 5. ﻛ َ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ِ 6. ﺳ َ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺔ ِ 7. ر ُ ﺳ ُ ﻼ ً 8. ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ل َ 9. ا ﻛ ْ َ ﻨ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ 10. ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ ﻻ ً 11. ﻗ ُ ﻠ ُ ﻮ ْ ب ٍ 12. ﻧ ِ ﺴ َ ﺎ ء ُ 13. أ َ ﺳ َ ﺎ ﻃ ِ ﻴ ْ ُ 14. ﻣ ُ ْ ﺘ َ ﻠ ِ ﻔ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ 15. ﺟ َ ﻬ َ ﻨ B ﻢ َ 16. ﺣ َ ﺪ َ ا ﺋ ِ ﻖ َ 17. ﻛ َ ﻮ َ ا ﻋ ِ ﺐ َ 18. ﻟ َ ﻐ ْ ﻮ ً ا 19. ا ﺠ B ﺎ ﺷ ِ ﻄ َ ﺎ ت ِ I 20. ﺣ َ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺚ ُ 21. ﻟ َ ﻌ ِ ﺒ ْ َ ة ً 22. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻓ ِ ﺴ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ I 23. ﻇ َ ﺎ ﻟ ِ ﻤ ِ ْ 24. ﺛ ُ ﻠ ُ ﺜ َ ﺎ 25. ذ ِ ر َ ا ﻋ َ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ُ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ﺎ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ُ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ َ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ ت ِ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺘ َ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ َ ﺔ ِ L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L H H H H I H H H
- 8. 8 There are only FOUR reasons for an ism to be light. Write them below as we learn them: 1) Partly Flexible Isms 2) Mudaaf ( ﻣ ﻀ ﺎ ف ) 3) The one being called ( ا ﻟ ﻨ ﺎ د ى ) 4) Absolute Categorical Negation ( ﻻ ا ﺠ ﺎ ﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﺠ ﻨ ﺲ )
- 9. 9 Flexibility There are three categories of flexibility: 1) Fully flexible • Most isms are fully flexible. • Can be heavy or light. • Can show all statuses ( ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ , ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ , and ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ ) • Muslim chart on page 6 2) Non Flexible • Only have one form. • Looks the same in all statuses. • Some words that are non-flexible: o Words ending in alif eg: د ُ ﻏ ْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ n َ o Singular and Plural ism mowsool (listed below) ا œ B ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ the ones who(m) ا œ B َ ا ن ِ * the two who(m) ا œ B ِ ي ْ the one who(m) ا ﻻ B k ِ ْ / ا ﻻ B ž ِ ْ the ones who(f) ا ﻛ B َ ﺎ ن ِ * the two who(f) ا ﻟ B ﺘ ِ ْ the one who(f) *Partly- flexible ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ Whoever(m) ﻣ َ ﺎ Whatever(m/f) o The singular and the plural pointing words ﻫ َ ﺬ َ ا , ﻫ َ ﺬ ِ ه ِ , ﻫ َ ﺆ ُ ﻻ َ ء ِ , ذ َ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ , ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ , أ ُ و ¤ َ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ 3) Partly Flexible • Cannot be heavy and cannot take a kasrah at the end. • Has two forms: one for ر َ ﻓ ْ ﻊ and one form for ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ and ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ
- 10. 10 Partly Flexible: A Closer Look Words that are partly flexible: • Proper names of places, whether Arab or not o Exception: names of places spelled with 3 letters Examples: How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf Arab place ( > 3 letters ) partly flexible ﻣ َ ﻜ B ﺔ َ ﻣ َ ﻜ B ﺔ َ ﻣ َ ﻜ B ﺔ ُ Non-Arab place ( > 3 letters ) partly flexible ﺑ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺴ ْ ﺘ َ ﺎ ن َ ﺑ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺴ ْ ﺘ َ ﺎ ن َ ﺑ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺴ ْ ﺘ َ ﺎ ن ُ Exception: place with only 3 letters, fully flexible ﻋ َ ﺪ ْ ن ٍ ﻋ َ ﺪ ْ ﻧ ً ﺎ ﻋ َ ﺪ ْ ن ٌ • Non-Arab Proper names: o Exception: non-Arab names spelled with 3 letters o Based on hadith, there are four Arab Prophets. The rest are non- Arabs. They are: (1) ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ ٌ (2) ﺻ َ ﺎ ﻟ ِ ﺢ ٌ (3) ﻫ ُ ﻮ ْ د ٌ (4) ﺷ ُ ﻌ َ ﻴ ْ ﺐ ٌ Examples: How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf Arab name, fully flexible ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ ٍ ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ ً ا ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ ٌ Non-Arab name, partly flexible إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ُ Exception: Non-Arab name 3 letters, fully flexible ﻧ ُ ﻮ ْ ح ٍ ﻧ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺣ ً ﺎ ﻧ ُ ﻮ ْ ح ٌ Are the following words Fully(F), Partly(P), or Non-Flexible(N)? 1. ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ n َ 2. ﺟ َ ﻨ B ﺔ 3. ﻳ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺳ ُ ﻒ 4. ﻋ ِ ﻴ ْ n َ 5. ر َ ﺣ ْ َ ﺔ 6. ﺳ ُ ﻠ ْ ﻄ َ ﺎ ن 7. ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ط 8. ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ 9. ﺳ َ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺔ 10. ﺻ َ ﺎ ﺣ ِ ﺐ 11. ﻣ َ ﺴ ْ ﺠ ِ ﺪ 12. ﻫ َ ﺬ َ ا 13. د َ ا ﻟ َ ﺲ 14. آ د َ م 15. ﻗ َ ﻠ َ ﻢ 16. ﻣ ُ ﺼ َ ﻴ ْ ﻄ ِ ﺮ 17. ﻓ ِ ﺮ ْ ﻋ َ ﻮ ْ ن 18. ا œ ِ ّ ﻛ ْ ﺮ َ ى 19. إ ِ ﻃ ْ ﻌ َ ﺎ م 20. ﻳ َ ﺘ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ 21. ﻧ َ ﺎ ر 22. ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ْ ل 23. ا ﻷ ْ ُ ﻧ ْ k َ 24. ا ِ ﺑ ْ ﺘ ِ ﻐ َ ﺎ ء 25. ر َ ب ّ 26. ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻖ 27. ا ﻟ ﺮ ُّ ﺟ ْ ﻌ َ ٰ 28. إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ 29. ﻟ َ ﻬ َ ﺐ 30. أ َ ﺣ َ ﺪ F F F F F F F F F F F P P P P F N N N N N F F F F N F P F F
- 11. 11 Number 1) Normal masculine plural (Muslim chart) 2) Normal feminine plural (Muslim chart) 3) Human broken plural 4) Non-human broken plural 5) Plural by meaning (Eg: people ﻧ َ ﺎ س ٌ , generation ﻗ َ ﺮ ْ ن ٌ , nation ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ م ٌ ) Broken Plurals BPs don’t have plural endings like those in the Muslim chart. Broken plurals have ending sounds. They can only be identified through vocabulary, otherwise they look singular. Human Broken Plurals: • BPs representing intelligent beings. eg: ﻋ ُ ﻠ َ ﻤ َ ﺂ ء ُ , ر ُ ﺳ ُ ﻞ ٌ , ﻣ َ ﻼ َ ﺋ ِ ﻜ َ ﺔ ٌ • Treated as “she” or what they really are “they”. Non-Human Broken Plural • BPs representing non-intelligent beings. Eg: ﻛ ُ ﺘ ُ ﺐ ٌ ﻣ َ ﺴ َ ﺎ ﺟ ِ ﺪ ُ ﻛ ِ َ ب ٌ ALL non-human plurals (broken or not) are treated as a “she”. Word Meaning Treatment? Word Meaning Treatment? 1. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻜ َ ﺬ ِ ّ ﺑ ِ ﻴ ْ َ the perpetual liars plural 9. آ ﻳ َ ﺎ ت ٌ miraculous signs sing, fem 2. ا ﻟ ْ ِ ﺒ َ ﺎ ل َ the mountains sing, fem 10. ﺑ َ ﺸ َ ٌ a person sing., masc 3. و ُ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ْ ه ٌ faces sing, fem 11. ا ﻟ َْ ﺤ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ hellfire sing, fem 4. ﻧ ِ ﺴ َ ﺎ ء َ women plural, fem 12. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ِ the elephant sing., masc 5. ا ﻛ ْ ِ ﺤ َ ﺎ ر ُ seas sing, fem 13. ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ُ the earth sing, fem 6. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻓ ِ ﺴ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ those who race/compete plural, masc 14. أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ل ٌ deeds sing, fem 7. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ُ ﺒ ُ ﻮ ْ ر ِ the graves sing, fem 15. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻼ َ ﺋ ِ ﻜ َ ﺔ ُ the angels plural, masc 8. ا ﻛ ْ َ ﻴ ِ ّ ﻨ َ ﺔ ُ clear proof sing, fem 16. ر َ ﺟ ُ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ِ two men dual, masc.
- 12. 12 FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO… During a ﺣ َ ﺮ ْ ب , a soldier was daydreaming looking up at the ﺳ َ ﻤ َ ﺂ ء until the ﺷ َ ﻤ ْ ﺲ came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized he was the only ﻏ َ ﻔ ْ ﺲ left on the battlefield. He was surrounded by ﻧ َ ﺎ ر so he used a د َ ﻟ ْ ﻮ full of water to make a ﺳ َ ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ and a ﻃ َ ﺮ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻖ all the way to safer أ َ ر ْ ض . In the hot blowing ر ِ ﻳ ْ ﺢ he was desperately looking for a ﺑ ِ ﺌ ْ to draw water from. In his search, he found an empty د َ ا ر inside which he finds a ﻛ َ ﺄ ْ س full of ﺧ َ ْ ﺮ . He is tempted despite his fear of ﺟ َ ﻬ َ ﻨ B ﻢ and ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻌ ِ ﻴ to take a sip but wards off his temptation and uses his ﻋ َ ﺼ َ ﺎ to strike the drink.
- 13. 13 Gender Masculine • Default Feminine • Real Feminine eg: أ ُ م º (mother) ﻧ َ ﻘ َ ﺮ َ ة ٌ (cow) • Fake Feminine o ة ى ٰ آ ء (in some cases) o Non-Human Broken Plurals o Proper name of places o Body parts in pairs o Because the Arabs said so (pg. 12) Word Meaning How’s it treated? Word Meaning How’s it treated? ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻜ َ ﺬ ِ ّ ﺑ ِ ﻴ ْ َ the perpetual liars plural, masc آ ﻳ َ ﺎ ت ٌ miraculous signs sing, fem ا ﻟ ْ ِ ﺒ َ ﺎ ل َ the mountains sing, fem ﺑ َ ﺸ َ ٌ a person sing, masc و ُ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ْ ه ٌ faces sing, fem ا ﻟ َْ ﺤ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ hellfire sing, fem ﻧ ِ ﺴ َ ﺎ ء َ women plural, fem ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ِ the elephant sing, masc ا ﻛ ْ ِ ﺤ َ ﺎ ر ُ seas sing, fem ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ُ the earth sing, fem ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻓ ِ ﺴ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ those who race/compete plural, masc أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ل ٌ deeds sing, fem ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ُ ﺒ ُ ﻮ ْ ر ِ the graves sing, fem ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻼ َ ﺋ ِ ﻜ َ ﺔ ُ the angels plural, masc ا ﻛ ْ َ ﻴ ِ ّ ﻨ َ ﺔ ُ clear proof sing, fem ا ﻟ ْ ﻴ ُ ﺴ ْ َ ى ٰ the easiest sing, fem ر ُ ﺳ ُ ﻞ ٌ messengers plural, masc ﻧ َ ﺎ ر ٍ a fire sing, fem ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﺎ ﺋ ِ ﻞ َ the one who asks sing, masc ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ the believers plural, masc
- 14. 14 Tell the Status, Number and Gender of how the following words are treated: Word Status/Number/Gender Word Status/Number/Gender 1. ﺣ ُ ﺠ ُ ﻮ ْ ر ِ J/S/F 17. ﺗ َ ﺬ ْ ﻛ ِ ﺮ َ ة ً N/S/F 2. أ َ ﻓ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ُ R/S/F 18. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ َ N/S/F 3. ﻣ ُ ْ ﺼ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M 19. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ء َ N/S/M 4. ﺳ َ ﻴ ِ ّ ﺌ َ ﺎ ت ٍ N,J/S/F 20. ﻋ ِ ﻨ َ ﺒ ً ﺎ N/S/M 5. ﻣ ُ ﻌ ْ ﺮ ِ ﺿ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M 21. ﺣ َ ﺪ َ ا ﺋ ِ ﻖ َ N,J/S/F 6. ﻟ ِ ﻠ ﺮ ِ ّ ﺟ َ ﺎ ل ِ J/P/M 22. ﻟ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻄ َ ﻔ ِ ّ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ َ J/P/M 7. ﻣ ُ ﺴ َ ﺎ ﻓ ِ ﺤ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M 23. ﻣ َ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺪ ٌ R/S/M 8. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ َ ﺮ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻀ َ ﺔ ِ J/S/F 24. ا ﻟ ْ ﻐ َ ﺎ ﺷ ِ ﻴ َ ﺔ ِ J/S/F 9. ﺨ َ ﻗ ِ ﺒ َ ﺔ ُ R/S/F 25. ﻋ َ ﺬ َ ا ب ٍ J/S/M 10. ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻧ ِ ﺘ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M 26. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻠ َ ﻚ ُ R/S/M 11. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻠ َ ﻜ َ ﻴ ْ ِ N,J/D/M 27. ا ﺠ B ﻔ ْ ﺲ ُ R/S/F 12. ﺗ ِ َ ﺎ ر َ ة ً N/S/F 28. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻄ ْ ﻤ َ ﺌ ِ ﻨ B ﺔ ُ R/S/F 13. ﻣ ِ ﺌ َ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ N,J/D/F 29. و َ ا o ِ ٍ J/S/M 14. ﻃ َ ﻮ ْ ﻻ ً N/S/M 30. ﻧ َ ﺎ ر ٌ R/S/F 15. ا ﻹ ْ ِ ﻧ ْ ﺴ َ ﺎ ن ُ R/S/M 31. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﻤ َ ﺮ ِ J/S/M 16. ﺳ ُ ﻨ َ َ N/S/F 32. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﺎ ﺋ ِ ﻞ َ N/S/M
- 15. 15 Common vs. Proper Common • Default 7 Kinds of Proper 1) Words with ا ل 2) Proper names 3) The one being called 4) Pronouns (page 18) 5) Ism Ishaarah (pointer words) eg: ﻫ ﺬ ه ﺗ ﻠ ﻚ َ (page 30) 6) Ism Mowsool eg: ا œ B ِ ي ْ ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ 7) The word before “of” if the word after “of” is proper For example, in the following ayaat, the highlighted words are proper. ا ﻷ ْ ُ و ْ  َ ٰ ا ﻟ ﺼ ُّ ﺤ ُ ﻒ ِ ﻟ َ ﻔ ِ ْ ﺬ َ ا ﻫ َٰ إ ِ ن B Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, (87:18) ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ n َ ٰ و َ إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ ﺻ ُ ﺤ ُ ﻒ ِ The scriptures of Abraham and Moses. (87:19) ا ﻛ ْ َ ﺘ َ ِ ﺑ ِ ﻬ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ﺣ ِ ﻞ º أ َ ﻧ ﺖ َ و َ And you, [Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city (90:2) و َ ﺳ ُ ﻘ ْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ﻫ َ ﺎ ا ﷲ ِ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻗ َ ﺔ َ ا ﷲ ِ ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ُ ﻟ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻓ َ ﻘ َ ﺎ ل َ And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." (91:13) ﻳ َ ﺘ َ َ ﻛ B ٰ ﻣ َ ﺎ É َ ُ ﻳ ُ ﺆ ْ ﺗ ِ ْ ا œ B ِ ي ْ [He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (92:18)
- 16. 16 Indicate whether the words are common(C) or proper(P). Word C/P Reason Word C/P Reason 1. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﺮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻴ ْ ِ P ا ل 1. آ د َ م ُ ﻳ َ ﺎ P ا ﻟ ﻤ ُ ﻨ َ ﺎ د ى 2. ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺜ ِ ﻴ ْ َ C default 2. ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﺠ َ ﺮ َ ة َ P ا ل 3. ﻧ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺣ ً ﺎ P proper name 3. ﻣ َ ﺮ َ ﺿ ً ﺎ C default 4. ! و َ o َ ُ ﻳ َ ﺎ P ا ﻟ ﻤ ُ ﻨ َ ﺎ د ى 4. ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ P ﺿ ﻤ ﻴ 5. ا œ B ِ ي ْ P ا ﺳ ﻢ ﻣ ﻮ ﺻ ﻮ ل 5. أ َ ر ْ ﺿ ً ﺎ C default 6. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ P ا ل 6. ا ﺠ B ﺎ س ِ P ا ل 7. ا ﷲ ِ ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ل ُ the messenger of Allah P Mudaf Ilayh is Proper 7. ﻋ َ ﺬ َ ا ب ٍ ﺳ َ ﻮ ْ ط َ a scourge of punishment C default 8. ﻣ َ ﺮ ْ ﻳ َ ﻢ َ P proper name 8. ﻓ ِ ﺮ ْ ﻋ َ ﻮ ْ ن َ P proper name 9. ﻣ ُ ﺼ َ ﺪ ِ ّ ﻗ ً ﺎ C default 9. ا œ B ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ P ا ﺳ ﻢ ﻣ ﻮ ﺻ ﻮ ل 10. ﻣ ُ َ ﻤ B ﺪ ً ا P proper name 10. ا ¤ ْ َ ﺘ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ P ا ل 11. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺔ ِ P ا ل 11. ا œ ِ ّ ﻛ ْ ﺮ َ ى ٰ P ا ل 12. ا ﷲ ِ ﻧ َ ﺎ ر ُ the fire of Allah P Mudaf Ilayh is Proper 12. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ﻤ َ ﻨ َ ﺔ ِ أ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب ُ the people of the right P Mudaf Ilayh is Proper 13. ﻧ ِ ﺴ َ ﺎ ء ُ C default 13. ا ﻟ ﺼ B ﺎ ﻟ ِ َ ﺎ ت ِ P ا ل 14. ﻣ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ َ ﻴ ْ ِ C default 14. ﺧ َ ﺎ ﻃ ِ ﺌ َ ﺔ ٍ C default 15. ﻛ َ ﻨ ْ ٌ C default 15. ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ n َ P proper name 16. ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﻤ ْ ﺲ ِ ﻣ َ ﻄ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻊ َ the rising of the sun P Mudaf Ilayh is Proper 16. ر َ ﻗ َ ﺒ َ ﺔ ٍ ﻓ َ ﻚ ُّ freeing of a slave C default 17. و ُ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ْ ه ٌ C default 17. ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ P ا ﺳ ﻢ ا ﺷ ﺎ ر ة 18. ﻏ ُ ﻼ َ م ٍ C default 18. ا ﺠ B ﻌ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ِ P ا ل
- 17. 17 Write the four properties of each of the words in terms of how they are treated (Status/Number/Gender/Type) Word S/N/G/T Word S/N/G/T Word S/N/G/T 1. ﻧ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺣ ً ﺎ N/S/M/P 2. ا ﷲ ِ J/S/M/P 3. ﺳ َ ﺎ ﺟ ِ ﺪ ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ N,J/P/M/C 4. ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﺜ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M/C 5. إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﺮ َ ا ﻫ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ َ N,J/S/M/P 6. آ ﻳ ِ ﻴ َ ﺔ ٌ R/S/F/C 7. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﺮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻴ ْ ِ N,J/D/M/P 8. أ ُ ﻣ B ﺔ ً N/S/F/C 9. أ ُ م ٍّ J/S/F/C 10. ذ ِ ر َ ا ﻋ َ ْ N,J/D/M/C 11. ﻋ ِ ﻴ ْ n َ ٰ R,N,J/S/M/P 12. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ُ ﺠ B ﺎ ر ِ J/P/M/P 13. ا ﻷ ْ َ ﻏ ْ ﻬ َ ﺎ ر ُ R/S/F/P 14. ا ﺠ B ﺎ س ِ J/P/M/P 15. ﺳ َ ﺎ ﺣ ِ ﺮ َ ا ن ِ R/D/M/C 16. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M/P 17. ا ﻛ B ﻤ َ ﺮ َ ا ت ِ N,J/S/F/P 18. ﺳ َ ﺎ ﺣ ِ ﺮ ٍ J/S/M/C 19. ﻣ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M/C 20. ﺳ َ ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ٍ J/S/F/C 21. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ُ ﺮ ْ ﻗ َ ﺎ ن َ N/S/M/P 22. ﻣ َ ﺮ ْ ﻳ َ ﻢ َ N,J/S/F/P 23. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﻼ َ ﺋ ِ ﻜ َ ﺔ ِ J/P/M/P 24. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻤ َ ﺎ و َ ا ت ِ N,J/S/F/P 25. د َ ا ﻟ َ ﺲ َ N,J/S/F/P 26. ﻳ َ ﺜ ْ ِ ب َ N,J/S/F/P 27. ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ِ J/S/F/P 28. ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻻ َ ن ِ R/D/M/C 29. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ِ J/S/M/P 30. و َ o َ ً ا N/S/M/C 31. آ ﻳ َ ﺔ ً N/S/F/C 32. ر َ ا ﺟ ِ ﻌ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ R/P/M/C 33. ﻗ َ ﺎ ﺋ ِ ﻢ ٌ R/S/M/C 34. ر َ ﺟ ُ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ِ N,J/D/M/C 35. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ِ ﻴ َ ﺎ ﻣ َ ﺔ ِ J/S/F/P 36. ا ﻟ ْ ﻐ َ ﺎ ﻓ ِ ﻠ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M/P 37. ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ N,J/D/F/P 38. ﻣ ُ ْ ﺮ ِ ج ٌ R/S/M/C 39. ﻳ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺳ ُ ﻒ ُ R/S/M/P 40. إ ِ ﺑ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺲ َ N,J/S/M/P 41. ا ﻟ ُْ ﺴ ْ ﻨ َ ٰ R,N,J/S/F/P 42. ا ﻟ ﻨ ِ ّ ﺴ َ ﺎ ء َ N/P/F/P 43. ا ﻟ ﺮ ِّ ﻳ ْ ﺢ ُ R/S/F/P 44. ﻗ ُ ﺮ ْ آ ﻧ ً ﺎ N/S/M/C 45. ﻣ ِ ﺼ ْ َ N,J/S/F/P 46. ﻣ َ ْ ﺠ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺑ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ R/P/M/C 47. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﺼ َ ﺺ ِ J/S/M/P 48. ﻛ ِ ﺘ َ ﺎ ب ٌ R/S/M/C 49. ا ﻷ ْ َ ﺳ ْ ﻮ َ ا ق ِ J/S/F/P 50. ﻏ َ ﺒ َ ﺎ ت ٍ N,J/S/F/C 51. أ َ ﺳ َ ﺎ ﻃ ِ ﻴ ْ ُ R/S/F/C 52. ا ﻟ ْ ﻌ َ ﺎ ﻟ َ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ َ N,J/P/M/P 53. ﺷ َ ﺎ ﻫ ِ ﺪ ٍ J/S/M/C 54. ﻣ َ ْ ﻔ ُ ﻮ ْ ظ ٍ J/S/M/C 55. ا ﺠ B ﺠ ْ ﻢ ُ R/S/M/P 56. ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﻤ َ ﺮ َ N/S/M/P 57. ا ﻷ ْ ُ و Â ٰ R,N,J/S/F/P
- 18. 18 Pronouns Raf “They” ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ Raf “Both of them” ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Raf “He” ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ 3 rd Person Pronouns Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻫ ِ ﻢ ْ or ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻫ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ or ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ه ِ or ه ُ Raf “They (f)” ﻫ ُ ﻦ B Raf “Both of them (f)” ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Raf “She” ﻫ ِ َ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻫ ِ ﻦ B or ﻫ ُ ﻦ B Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻫ ِ ﻤ َ ﺎ or ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻫ َ ﺎ Raf “You (m. pl)” أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ Raf “both of you” أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Raf “You(m.s)” أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ َ 2 nd Person Pronouns Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻛ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ك َ Raf “You (f.pl)” أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺘ ُ B Raf “both of you (f)” أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Raf “You(f)” أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ ِ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻛ ُ ﻦ B Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻛ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Nasb/Jarr (attached) ك ِ Raf “We” ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ Raf “I” أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ 1 st Person Pronouns Nasb/Jarr (attached) ﻧ َ ﺎ kِ ْ nasb / ي ْ jarr (both are attached)
- 19. 19 Write your pronoun notes here: 1) An independent pronoun is always in the ر ﻓ ﻊ status 2) An attached pronoun is nasb in two cases: i. after harf nasb like إ ِ ن B or one of its sisters ii. attached to a ﻓ ِ ﻌ ْ ﻞ 3) An attached pronoun is jarr in two cases: i. right after a ﺣ ﺮ ف ا ﻟ ﺮ like ب ii. attached to a ا ﺳ ﻢ
- 20. 20 Pronoun Practice: Give the 4 properties of the pronouns below, and translate the pronoun. Some examples have been done for you. 1. ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ R/S/M/P he/it 2. ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ R/P/MF/P 3. ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ ﻛ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ N/D/MF/P 4. ﻫ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ N/S/F/P her/it 5. أ َ ﺧ ْ ﺮ َ ﺟ َ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ N/D/MF/P 6. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺘ ُ B R/P/F/P 7. ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ J/P/MF/P 8. ﻛ ِ ﺘ َ ﺎ ﺑ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻦ B J/P/F/P 9. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ َ R/S/M/P 10. ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ ﻣ ِ ْ J/S/MF/P 11. ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ R/P/M/P 12. ا ِ ﺳ ْ ﺘ َ ﻐ ْ ﻔ ِ ﺮ ْ ه ُ N/S/M/P 13. و َ ﻋ َ ﺪ َ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ N/P/M/P 14. ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ R/D/MF/P 15. ﻓ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻬ ِ ﻦ B J/P/F/P 16. ﺑ ِ ﺄ َ ﻏ B ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ N/P/M/P 17. ﻧ َ ﺎ ﺻ ِ ُ ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ J/D/MF/P 18. ﻫ ِ َ R/S/F/P 19. إ ِ ﻧ B ﻨ ِ ْ N/S/MF/P 20. ﻫ ُ ﻦ B R/P/F/P 21. ﻛ ُ ُّ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ J/P/M/P 22. أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ R/S/MF/P 23. ﻓ َ ﻬ ْ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻪ ِ N/S/M/P 24. إ ِ ﻧ B ﻨ ِ N/S/M/P 25. ﻣ ِ ﻨ ْ ﻪ ُ J/S/M/P 26. أ َ ﻟ ْ ﻘ ِ ﻬ َ ﺎ N/S/F/P 27. ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ J/P/M/P 28. ﺑ ِ ﻪ ِ J/S/M/P 29. ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻚ ِ J/S/F/P 30. ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ُ ﻨ َ ﺎ N/P/MF/P
- 21. 21 Primary Rules for the Idhafah ( ا ﻹ ْ ِ ﺿ َ ﺎ ﻓ َ ﺔ ) 1. The ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف (word before “of”) should be: a. Light b. No alif-laam ( ا ل ) 2. The ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻪ ِ (word after “of”) should be a. In ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ status 3. No long distance relationship 4. The last property of the ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف , type, is dictated by the ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻪ ِ 5. Both the ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف and the ﻣ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ف إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻪ ِ should be isms. Basic Kinds of Idhafah 1. “of” translation eg: Imam of the masjid إ ِ ﻣ َ ﺎ م ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﺴ ْ ﺠ ِ ﺪ ِ 2. Pronoun attached to an ism eg: His house ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻪ ُ 3. Special Mudhafs eg: Under the earth ﺗ َ ْ ﺖ َ ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ِ
- 22. 22 Special Mudhafs (usually doesn’t give an “of” meaning) Special Mudhafs below are by default nasb status besides, other than د ُ و ْ ن َ below ﺗ َ ْ ﺖ َ above ﻓ َ ﻮ ْ ق َ between ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ َ after ﻧ َ ﻌ ْ ﺪ َ before ﻗ َ ﺒ ْ ﻞ َ around, surrounding ﺣ َ ﻮ ْ ل َ with ﻣ َ ﻊ َ with, at, has, by/beside ﻋ ِ ﻨ ْ ﺪ َ especially from o َ ُ ن ْ behind ﺧ َ ﻠ ْ ﻒ َ in front of أ َ ﻣ َ ﺎ م َ behind, beyond و َ ر َ آ ء َ right in front of ﻗ ُ ﺪ B ا م َ Special mudhafs below can be raf/nasb/jar status which, any أ َ ي ُّ other than ﻏ َ ﻴ ْ ُ each, all, every, the whole ﻛ ُ ُّ some, some of ﻧ َ ﻌ ْ ﺾ ُ
- 23. 23 Idhafah Practice: Tell whether each instance is an idhafah or not 1. ﻳ َ ﺪ ْ ﺧ ُ ﻞ َ ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺔ َ 2. ﺑ َ ﺄ ْ ﺳ ً ﺎ ﺷ َ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺪ ً ا 3. ﺗ َ ْ ﺘ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ 4. ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺠ ْ ﺮ ِ ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ا ﺠ B ﺎ ر َ 5. ﺑ ُ ﺮ ْ ﻫ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ 6. ا ﺗ B َ ﺬ َ ا ﷲ ُ 7. ﻣ َ ﺜ َ ﻼ ً ر َ ﺟ ُ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ِ 8. ﻛ ُ ِ ّ ﻣ َ ﺜ َ ﻞ ٍ 9. ﻛ ُ ﻨ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ ﺻ َ ﺎ د ِ ﻗ ِ ﻴ ْ َ 10. ا ﻟ َْ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺚ ِ أ َ ﺳ َ ﻔ ً ﺎ 11. ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ 12. أ َ ﻛ ْ ﺜ َ َ n َ ْ ء ٍ 13. أ َ ر ْ ﺑ َ ﻌ َ ﺔ َ أ َ ﺷ ْ ﻬ ُ ﺮ ٍ 14. أ َ ﺣ ْ ﺴ َ ﻦ ُ ﻗ َ ﻤ َ ﻼ ً 15. ﻛ ِ ْ ﺘ َ ﺎ ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ 16. ﻣ َ ﻨ َ ﻊ َ ا ﺠ B ﺎ س َ 17. ﻳ َ ﻮ ْ م َ ا ﻟ َْ ﺞ ِ ّ 18. أ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ َ ﻬ ْ ﻒ ِ 19. ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ ا ﷲ ُ 20. ﻣ َ ْ ﻤ َ ﻊ َ ا ﻛ ْ َ ﺤ ْ ﺮ َ ﻳ ْ ﻦ ِ 21. و َ أ َ ذ َ ا ن ٌ ﻣ ِ ﻦ َ ا ﷲ ِ 22. ر َ ب ُّ ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻤ َ ﺎ و َ ا ت ِ 23. ﺟ َ ﻨ B ﺘ َ ﻚ َ 24. ﻏ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻏ َ ﻔ ْ ﺲ ٍ 25. ﻟ َ ﻴ ْ ﻆ َ ﻗ ُ ﻠ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺑ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ 26. ﺳ ُ ﻠ ْ ﻄ َ ﺎ ن ٍ ﺑ َ ﻴ ِ ّ ٍ 27. ﻣ َ ﺎ ؤ ُ ﻫ َ ﺎ 28. أ َ ﺑ َ ﻮ َ ا ه ُ 29. ﺑ ِ ﻌ َ ﺬ َ ا ب ٍ ﻋ َ ﻠ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ٍ 30. آ ﻳ َ ﺎ ت ِ ا ﷲ ِ 31. د ُ و ْ ن ِ ا ﷲ ِ 32. أ َ ﻗ ْ ﺮ َ ب َ ر ُ ﺣ ْ ً ﺎ 33. ﻣ ُ ﺪ B ﺗ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ 34. ﻓ َ ﻬ ْ ﺪ ِ ا ﷲ ُ 35. ا ﻟ ْ ﻮ َ ﻻ َ ﻳ َ ﺔ ُ ﷲ ِ ِ 36. أ َ ي ُّ ا ﻟ ْ ِ ﺰ ْ ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ِ 37. ﻛ ُ B ﻣ َ ﺮ ْ ﺻ َ ﺪ ٍ 38. ر َ ﺑ ُّ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ 39. ﻣ َ ﺜ َ ﻞ َ ا ﻟ َْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ة ِ 40. ﻣ َ ﻐ ْ ﺮ ِ ب َ ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﻤ ْ ﺲ ِ 41. ﻟ َ ﻔ ُ ﻮ ْ ر ٌ ر َ ﺣ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ٌ 42. و َ ﻋ ْ ﺪ َ ا ﷲ ِ 43. ﻏ َ ﺒ َ ﺎ ت ُ ا ﻷ ْ َ ر َ ض ِ 44. ز ُ ﺑ َ ﺮ َ ا ﻟ َْ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺪ ِ 45. ﻋ ِ ﻨ ْ ﺪ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﺴ ْ ﺠ ِ ﺪ ِ 46. ﻻ َ ﻳ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ر ِ 47. ﻛ ُ ِ ّ n َ ْ ء ٍ 48. ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ َ ا ﻟ ﺼ B ﺪ َ ﻓ َ ﻴ ْ ِ 49. ﻋ ِ ﻨ ْ ﺪ َ ر َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ْ É ِ ِ 50. ﺛ َ ﻼ َ ث َ ﻣ ِ ﺎ ﺋ َ ﺔ ٍ 51. ا ﻛ ْ َ ﺎ ﻗ ِ ﻴ َ ﺎ ت ُ ا ﻟ ﺼ B ﺎ ﻟ ِ َ ﺎ ت ُ 52. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ر َ ﺣ ْ َ ﺔ ٌ 53. و َ أ َ ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ا ﻟ ﺼ B ﻼ َ ة َ 54. ﻣ َ ﻊ َ ا œ B ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ 55. و ُ ﺿ ِ ﻊ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ِ ﺘ َ ﺎ ب ُ 56. و َ ﻋ ْ ﺪ ُ ر َ ë ِ ّ ْ 57. أ َ ﻓ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻏ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ 58. د ُ و ْ ﻧ ِ ﻪ ِ 59. أ َ ﻣ ْ ﺮ ِ ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻪ ِ 60. ﻧ َ ﻌ ْ ﻀ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ 61. ﺻ ُ ﺪ ُ و ْ ر َ ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ م ٍ 62. ﺟ َ ﻨ B ﺎ ت ُ ﻋ َ ﺪ ْ ن ٍ 63. ﺧ َ ﻠ ْ ﻖ َ ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻤ َ ﺎ و َ ا ت ِ 64. ﻋ ِ ﺒ َ ﺎ د ِ ي ْ 65. ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﺮ ْ د َ و ْ س ِ ﻧ ُ ﺰ ُ ﻻ ً 66. ﺠ َ َ ﻔ ِ ﺪ َ ا ﻛ ْ َ ﺤ ْ ﺮ ُ 67. ﻳ َ ﺮ ْ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻟ ِ ﻘ َ ﺎ ء َ 68. ﻗ َ ﻤ َ ﻼ ً ﺻ َ ﺎ ﻟ ِ ً ﺎ 69. ﺟ َ َ ﻊ َ ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻻ ً 70. ﻃ َ ﻌ َ ﺎ م ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ِ ﺴ ْ ﻜ ِ ﻴ ْ ِ 71. ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ُ ا ﷲ ِ 72. ﻣ َ ﻠ ِ ﻚ ِ ا ﺠ B ﺎ س ِ Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y
- 24. 24 Idhafah with pronouns. Fill in the blanks with the pronouns 1. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﻔ ُ ﺴ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ Your (m/p) selves 2. ﻧ َ ﻐ ْ ﻴ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ Your (m/p) rebellion 3. ز ُ ﺧ ْ ﺮ ُ ﻓ َ ﻬ َ ﺎ Her glitter 4. أ َ ﻣ ْ ﺮ ُ ﻧ َ ﺎ Our command 5. ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ ﻣ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ Their (m/p) nation 6. أ َ ﻫ ْ ﻠ ُ ﻬ َ ﺎ Her family/people/dwellers 7. ﺣ ُ ﺪ ُ و ْ د َ ه ُ His boundaries 8. ﻣ َ ﻜ َ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ Your (m/p) place 9. ﺑ ِ ﻤ ِ ﺜ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻪ ِ With his example/likeness 10. ﻓ َ ﻸ ِ ُ ﻣ ِ ّ ﻪ ِ Then for his mother 11. أ َ ﻫ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻦ B Their (f/p) family 12. إ ِ ﺣ ْ ﺪ َ ا ﻫ ُ ﻦ B One of them (f/p) 13. ﺷ ُ َ ï َ ﺂ ؤ ُ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ Your (m/p) associates 14. ﺻ َ ﺪ ُ ﻗ َ ﺎ ﺗ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻦ B Their (f/p) marriage gifts 15. ﻗ َ ﻤ َ ﻠِ ْ My action/work 16. ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻚ َ Your (m) lord
- 25. 25 Special Mudhaf Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct meanings 1. ﺑ ِ ﻐ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ا ﻟ َْ ﻖ ِ ّ Other than the right justification 2. و َ ر َ آ ﺋ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ behind all of you 3. ﺧ َ ﻠ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ behind them 4. ﻓ َ ﻮ ْ ق َ ا ﺛ ْ ﻨ َ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ above two women 5. ﻗ َ ﺒ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ before them 6. ﻧ َ ﻌ ْ ﻀ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ Some of you all 7. ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ between us 8. أ َ ﻓ ُّ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ Which of them 9. ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ َ ا ﻷ ْ ُ ﺧ ْ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ between two sisters. 10. و َ ر َ آ ء َ ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ behind that for all of you 11. o َ ُ ﻧ B ﺎ Especially on our behalf 12. ﻧ َ ﻌ ْ ﺪ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ َ ﺮ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻀ َ ﺔ ِ after the obligation 13. د ُ و ْ ن َ ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ without that 14. ﻋ ِ ﻨ ْ ﺪ َ ك َ You have 15. ﻓ َ ﻮ ْ ﻗ َ ﻬ َ ﺎ above her/it 16. ﺗ َ ْ ﺖ َ ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﺠ َ ﺮ َ ة ِ below the tree. 17. ﺑ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ between both of them.
- 26. 26 Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah 1. Mowsoof ( ﻣ َ ﻮ ْ ﺻ ُ ﻮ ْ ف ) must be a. First b. Only one 2. Sifah ( ﺻ ِ ﻔ َ ﺔ ) a. Has the same 4 properties as the Mowsoof b. Is after the Mowsoof c. May be more than one d. Can tolerate a long distance relationship Note: • The mowsoof is never a pronoun, pointer word, or ism mowsool • The sifah is never a proper name, pronoun, or pointer word. • Look out for non human plurals and their feminine sifahs. For example: ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ُ ﺘ ُ ﺐ ُ ا ﻟ ﺼ B ﻐ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ة ُ the small books ﺣ َ ﻘ َ ﺎ ﺋ ِ ﺐ ُ ﺟ َ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻠ َ ﺔ ٌ beautiful bags Examples of Mowsoof Sifah. Write the 4 properties of the highlighted words based on how they are treated. a heavy word ﺛ َ ﻘ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻼ ً ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ ﻻ ً N/S/M/C the greatest calamity ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ُ ﺒ ْ َ ى ٰ ا ﻟ ﻄ B ﺎ ﻣ B ﺔ ُ R/S/F/P purified scriptures ﻣ ُّ ﻄ َ ﻬ B ﺮ َ ة ً ﺻ ُ ﺤ ُ ﻔ ً ﺎ N/S/F/C a great test from your Lord ﻋ َ ﻈ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ٌ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ ﺑ َ ﻼ َ ء ٌ R/S/M/C elevated beds ﻣ B ﺮ ْ ﻓ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻋ َ ﺔ ٌ ﺳ ُ ُ ر ٌ R/S/F/C like eaten straw ﻣ B ﺄ ْ ﻛ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ٍ ﻌ َ ﺼ ْ ﻒ ٍ ﻛ َ J/S/M/C the great attainment ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ َ ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ َ ﻮ ْ ز ُ R/S/M/P an intensely hot fire ﺣ َ ﺎ ﻣ ِ ﻴ َ ﺔ ٌ ﻧ َ ﺎ ر ٌ R/S/F/C for two orphan boys ﻳ َ ﺘ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻤ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻟ ِ ﻐ ُ ﻼ َ ﻣ َ ﻴ ْ ِ J/D/M/C abundant gains ﻛ َ ﺜ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ة ٌ ﻣ َ ﻐ َ ﺎ ﻧ ِ ﻢ ُ R/S/F/C
- 27. 27 Primary Rules for Harf of Jarr 1. The harf of jarr makes its ism jarr. 2. No long distance relationship. 3. There are 17 harf of jarr. We will learn 11 that are in the Quran. 4. The harf of jarr is called the ﺟ َ ﺎ ر ّ and the ism it makes jarr is the ﻣ َ ْ ﺮ ُ و ْ ر for/have (pronoun ل َ all else ل ِ ) ل like (comparison) ك َ swear by Allah only ت َ with ب ِ about/away from ﻗ َ ﻦ ْ in/about ﻓِ ْ from/because of (not ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ ) ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ oath (Not the و َ for “and”) و َ to/towards إ ﻟ until (2) ﺣ َ k B on/upon/against ﻟ َ َ Additional notes: • When attached to a pronoun, the ل is pronounced ل َ otherwise it is ل ِ . For example: ﻟ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ vs. ﻟ ِ ﺮ َ ﺳ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ٍ • Don’t confuse the harf of jarr lam with the lam for emphasis. The lam for emphasis does not make isms jarr. For example: ﺠ َ َ ﺤ ْ ﻦ ُ – Most certainly, I swear to it, we. ﺠ َ َ ﺎ – For us (harf of jarr). • Don’t confuse the و َ harf of jarr (for oaths only) with the connector و َ which means “and” • When ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ and ﻗ َ ﻦ ْ are attached to ﻣ َ ﺎ they are written as ﻣ ِ ﻤ B ﺎ and ﻗ َ ﻤ B ﺎ . • When attached to a pronoun, إ ِ ﻟ َ and ﻟ َ َ are pronounced with a ي ْ . For example: ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻪ ِ or إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻚ َ Identify if the following are harf of jarr fragments 1. ﺑ ِ ﺎ ﻟ َْ ﻖ ِ ّ 2. ﻛ َ ﻌ َ ﺼ ْ ﻒ ٍ ﻣ B ﺄ ْ ﻛ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ٍ 3. ﺑ ِ َ ﻤ ْ ﺪ ِ ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻚ َ 4. ﺑ ِ ِ ﺠ َ ﺎ ر َ ة ٍ ﻣ ِ ّ ﻦ ْ ﺳ ِ ﺠ ِ ّ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ٍ 5. ﻟ ِ ﻜ ُ ِ ّ ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺰ َ ة ٍ 6. ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ ﺧ َ ﻮ ْ ف ٍ 7. ﻓ ِ ْ ﺟ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺪ ِ ﻫ َ ﺎ 8. ﻓ ِ ْ د ِ ﻳ ﻦ ِ ا ﷲ ِ 9. ﻓ ِ ْ ﻗ َ ﻤ َ ﺪ ٍ ﻣ ُّ ﻤ َ ﺪ B د َ ة ٍ 10. ﻟ َ َٰ ﻃ َ ﻌ َ ﺎ م ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ِ ﺴ ْ ﻜ ِ ﻴ ْ ِ 11. و َ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ ﺷ َ ِ ّ 12. ﻣ َ ﻊ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻌ ُ ﺴ ْ ِ 13. ﺑ ِ ﺄ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻞ ِ 14. ﻟ ِ ﺮ َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻚ َ 15. ﺣ َ k B ٰ ﻣ َ ﻄ ْ ﻠ َ ﻊ ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ َ ﺠ ْ ﺮ ِ 16. ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻄ َ ﻰ ٰ
- 28. 28 Primary Rules for Harf of Nasb 1. The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb. 2. Can tolerate a long distance relationship. alas (express regret) ¤ َ ْ ﺖ َ certainly, for sure إ ِ ن B however ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﻜ ِ ﻦ B that أ َ ن B so that, hopefully, maybe ﻟ َ ﻌ َ ﻞ B َas though, as if ﻛ َ ﺄ َ ن B because ﺑ ِ ﺄ َ ن B Note: The nasb form of the pronoun أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ is k ِ ْ and the nasb form of ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ is ﻧ َ ﺎ . When attached to a harf of nasb, these pronouns can be written fully, or the ن can be dropped. إ ِ ﻧ B ﻨ ِ ْ or إ ِ k ِ ّ and إ ِ ﻏ B ﻨ َ ﺎ or إ ِ ﻧ B ﺎ . For example: ﺎ آ ﻣ َ ﻨ B ﻨ َ ﺎ إ ِ ﻏ B ﻨ َ ﺎ ر َ ﺑ B ن َ ﻓ َ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻦ َ ﻓ ْ ا œ B ِ Those who say, "Our Lord, indeed we have believed…." (3:16) ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﺪ ْ ر ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻠ َ ﺔ ِ ﻓ ِ ْ أ َ ﻧ ﺰ َ ﺠ ْ َ ﺎ ه ُ ﺎ إ ِ ﻧ B Indeed, We sent it down during the Night of Decree. (97:1) ﻚ َ ر َ ﺑ ُّ أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ إ ِ k ِ ّ ْ Indeed, I am your Lord (20:12) أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ إ ِ ﻻ B إ ِ É ََٰ ﻻ َ ا ﷲ ُ أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻨ ِ ْ إ ِ ﻧ B Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me (20:14) Determine if the following contains a harf of nasb fragment. 1. أ َ ن B ﻟ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ أ َ ﺟ ْ ﺮ ً ا 2. إ ِ ﻏ B ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻓ ِ ﺘ ْ ﻴ َ ﺔ ٌ 3. إ ِ ﻏ B ﻬ َ ﺎ ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ 4. إ ِ ن B إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ إ ِ ﻳ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ 5. ﻓ َ ﻠ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻚ َ ﺑ َ ﺎ ﺧ ِ ﻊ ٌ ﻏ B ﻔ ْ ﺴ َ ﻚ َ 6. ﻟ َ ﻦ ْ ﻧ B ﺪ ْ ﻋ ُ ﻮ َ 7. إ ِ ن B ﺷ َ ﺎ ﻧ ِ ﺌ َ ﻚ َ 8. ﻋ ُ ﻢ B إ ِ ن B ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﺣ ِ ﺴ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ 9. إ ِ ن ْ ﻓ َ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ إ ِ ﻻ B ﻛ َ ﺬ ِ ﺑ ً ﺎ 10. É َ ُ و َ ¤ ِ ü ﺎ 11. و َ ﺻ َ ﺪ B ق َ 12. أ َ ن ْ ﻟ B ﻦ ْ ﻓ َ ﻘ ْ ﺪ ِ ر َ 13. إ ِ ﻧ B ﺎ ﺟ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ 14. إ ِ ن B ا ﻹ ْ ِ ﻧ ْ ﺴ َ ﺎ ن َ 15. ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ ﺑ َ ِ ﻞ َ 16. ﻧ َ ﺎ ر ٌ ﻣ ُّ ﺆ ْ ﺻ َ ﺪ َ ة ٌ 17. أ َ ن B أ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ َ ﻬ ْ ﻒ ِ 18. أ َ ن B ﻣ َ ﺎ É َ ُ 19. إ ِ ن B ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا 20. إ ِ ن B ﻣ َ ﻊ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻌ ُ ﺴ ْ ِ ﻳ ُ ﺴ ْ ً ا Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N N
- 29. 29 Harf of Jarr: Examples from the Quran With the believers (with, because of, by, at, in, etc) ﺑ ِ ﺎ ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ب ِ They said, “By Allah!” ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ﺗ َ ﺎ ﷲ ِ ت َ Like eaten straw ﻛ َ ﻌ َ ﺼ ْ ﻒ ٍ ﻣ B ﺄ ْ ﻛ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ٍ ك َ And for you(pl). و َ ﻟ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ل (I swear) By the fleeting passage of time! و َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻌ َ ﺼ ْ ِ و َ From amongst yourselves. ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ أ َ ﻏ ْ ﻔ ُ ﺴ ِ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ In just retribution there is life ﻓ ِ ْ ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ِ ﺼ َ ﺎ ص ِ ﺣ َ ﻴ َ ﺎ ة ٌ ﻓ ِ ْ They ask you regarding the spoils of war ﻳ َ ﺴ ْ ﺄ َ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻚ َ ﻋ َ ﻦ ِ ا ﻷ ْ َ ﻏ ْ ﻔ َ ﺎ ل ِ ﻗ َ ﻦ ْ And upon Allah the believers should place their trust. و َ ﻟ َ َ ا ﷲ ِ ﻓ َ ﻠ ْ ﻴ َ ﺘ َ ﻮ َ ! B ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﺆ ْ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﻟ َ َ Until the rise of dawn(1). ﺣ َ k B ﻣ َ ﻄ ْ ﻠ َ ﻊ ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ َ ﺠ ْ ﺮ ِ ﺣ َ k B Until a time(2). ﺣ َ k B ﺣ ِ ﻴ ْ ٍ ﺣ َ k B It (the Quran) guides towards what is right. ﻓ َ ﻬ ْ ﺪ ِ ي ْ إ ِ ﻟ َ ا ﻟ ﺮ ُّ ﺷ ْ ﺪ ِ إ ِ ﻟ َ Harf of Nasb: Examples from the Quran Certainly Allah is إ ِ ن B ا ﷲ َ إ ِ ن B That they are/ that certainly they are أ َ ﻏ B ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ أ َ ن B As though there is a deafness in his ear (literally barrier) ﻛ َ ﺄ َ ن B ﻓ ِ ْ أ ُ ذ ُ ﻏ َ ﻴ ْ ﻪ ِ و َ ﻗ ْ ﺮ ً ا ﻛ َ ﺄ َ ن B That is because they said…. ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ ﺑ ِ ﺄ َ ﻏ B ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ﺑ ِ ﺄ َ ن B Woe is me! I only I didn’t take so-and-so for a friend. ﻳ َ ﺎ و َ ﻳ ْ ﻠ َ k َ ٰ ¤ َ ْ ﺘ َ ﻨ ِ ْ ﻟ َ ﻢ ْ أ َ ﺗ B ِ ﺬ ْ ﻓ ُ ﻼ َ ﻧ ً ﺎ ﺧ َ ﻠ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻼ ً ¤ َ ْ ﺖ َ On the contrary, righteousness is ﻟ َٰ ﻜ ِ ﻦ B ا ﻟ ْ ﺒ ِ B ﻟ َٰ ﻜ ِ ﻦ B So that you may be grateful. ﻟ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ﺗ َ ﺸ ْ ﻜ ُ ﺮ ُ و ْ ن َ ﻟ َ ﻌ َ ﻞ B
- 30. 30 Pointing Words أ َ ﺳ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ء ُ ا ﻹ ْ ِ ﺷ َ ﺎ ر َ ة ِ Near ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻵ َ ء ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ن ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا Masculine ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻵ َ ء ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ﻳ ْ ﻦ ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ or ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻵ َ ء ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺘ َ ﺎ ن ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ Feminine ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻵ َ ء ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺘ َ ﻴ ْ ِ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ or ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ Far أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ ذ َ ا ﻧ ِ ﻚ َ ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ Masculine أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ ذ َ ﻳ ْ ﻨ ِ ﻚ َ ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ or ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ ﺗ َ ﺎ ﻧ ِ ﻚ َ ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ Feminine أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ ﺗ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ ِ ﻚ َ ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ ﺟ َ ﺮ ّ or ﻧ َ ﺼ ْ ﺐ
- 31. 31 Using pointers: 1. To make a fragment: a. The pointer must be followed immediately by ا ل b. 4 properties of the pointer ( ا ﻹ ْ ِ ﺷ َ ﺎ ر َ ة ِ إ ِ ﺳ ْ ﻢ ُ ) and “pointed at” ( ﻣ ُ ﺸ َ ﺎ ر ٌ إ ِ ¤ َ ْ ﻪ ِ ) must match 2. To make a sentence: a. Pointer should not have ا ل after it ﻓ َ ﺎ ¤ ْ َ ﻌ ْ ﺒ ُ ﺪ ُ و ا ر َ ب B ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﻛ ْ َ ﻴ ْ ﺖ fragment this house ﻓِ ْ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ا ﻟ َْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ة ِ ا o ُّ ﻏ ْ ﻴ َ ﺎ fragment in this worldly/lowest life ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ُ ﺮ ْ آ ن ُ fragment this Quran ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ ﺣ ُ ﺪ ُ و ْ د ُ ا ﷲ ِ sentence Those are the boundaries of Allah. أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ أ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب ُ ا ﺠ B ﺎ ر ِ sentence Those are the companions of the fire ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻗ َ ﺔ ُ ا ﷲ ِ sentence This is the she-camel of Allah Determine if the following are sentences or fragments 1. ﺑ ِ ﻬ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﻟ َْ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺚ ِ F 2. ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ آ ﻳ َ ﺎ ت ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ِ ﺘ َ ﺎ ب ِ ا ﻟ َْ ﻜ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻢ ِ S 3. ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻻ َ ء ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ َ ﻮ ْ م ِ F 4. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﺳ َ ﺒ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻠِ ْ S 5. ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ ﻣ َ ﺘ َ ﺎ ع ُ ا ﻟ َْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ة ِ ا o ُّ ﻏ ْ ﻴ َ ﺎ S 6. ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ ا o B ا ر ُ ا ﻵ ْ ﺧ ِ ﺮ َ ة ُ F 7. ﻫ َٰ ﺆ ُ ﻻ َ ء ِ ﺷ ُ ﻔ َ ﻌ َ ﺎ ؤ ُ ﻧ َ ﺎ S 8. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ن ِ ﺧ َ ﺼ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ S 9. أ ُ و ْ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﺌ ِ ﻚ َ أ َ ﺻ ْ ﺤ َ ﺎ ب ُ ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺔ ِ S 10. و َ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﺠ B ﺒ ِ ُّ F 11. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ر َ ë ِ ّ ْ S 12. إ ِ ن B ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ُ ﺮ ْ آ ن َ F 13. ﻓِ ْ ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ا ﻟ ْ ﻘ ُ ﺮ ْ آ ن ِ F 14. إ ِ ن B ﻫ َٰ ﺬ َ ا ﻋ َ ﺪ ُ و º ﻟ B ﻚ َ S 15. ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺒ َ ﺎ ء ِ ا ﻟ ْ ﻐ َ ﻴ ْ ﺐ ِ S 16. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﺠ َ ﺮ َ ة َ F 17. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ ﻋ ِ ﻨ ْ ﺪ ِ ك َ S 18. ﻫ َٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻗ َ ﺔ ُ ا ﷲ ِ S
- 32. 32 Jumlah Ismiyyah ﺟ ُ ْ ﻠ َ ﺔ ٌ إ ِ ﺳ ْ ﻤ ِ ﻴ B ﺔ ٌ Finding the Invisible IS: 1) Independent pronouns are usually followed by “IS” أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻣ ُ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻢ ٌ I am a Muslim. 2) Pointer word followed by other than ا ل . ﻫ َ ﺬ َ ا ﻧ َ ﻴ ْ ﺖ ٌ This is a house 3) Harf of nasb and its ism is usually followed by “IS” إ ِ ن B ا ﷲ َ ﻟ َ َ ﻛ ُ ِّ n َ ْ ء ٍ ﻗ َ ﺪ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺮ ٌ Indeed, Allah is… 4) Proper followed by common ا ﻟ ْ ﻜ ُ ﺘ ُ ﺐ ُ ﺻ َ ﻐ ِ ﻴ ْ َ ة ٌ The books are small. 5) A break in the chain ا ﻟ ﺮ B ﺟ ُ ﻞ ُ ﻓ ِ ْ ا o B ا ر ِ The man is in the house. Additional examples from the Quran: ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ آ ﻳ َ ﺎ ة ِ ا ﷲ ِ إ ِ ن B ﻳ َ ﺄ ْ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ج َ و َ ﻣ َ ﺄ ْ ﺟ ُ ﻮ ج َ ﻣ ُ ﻔ ْ ﺴ ِ ﺪ ُ و ن َ ﻓِ ا ﻷ ْ َ ر ْ ض ِ ا ﻟ َْ ﻖ ُّ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ ر B ﺑ ِ ّ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ إ ِ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﻬ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ إ ِ ﻟ َ ـ ٰ ﻪ ٌ و َ ا ﺣ ِ ﺪ ٌ أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ أ َ ﻛ ْ ﺜ َ ُ ﻣ ِ ﻨ ْ ﻚ َ ﻣ َ ﺎ ﻻ ً ذ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ ﻋ ِ ﻴ ْ n َ ا ﻧ ْ ﻦ ُ ﻣ َ ﺮ ْ ﻳ َ ﻢ َ ﻓ َ ﻠ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻚ َ ﺑ َ ﺎ ﺧ ِ ﻊ ٌ ﻏ B ﻔ ْ ﺴ َ ﻚ َ أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ ر َ ﺑ ُّ ﻚ َ أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻣ ُّ ﺴ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ا ﻟ َْ ﻤ ْ ﺪ ُ ﷲ ِ ِ و َ ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ ا ﻟ ْ ﻐ َ ﻔ ُ ﻮ ْ ر ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻮ َ د ُ و ْ د ُ إ ِ ن B ﻫ َ ـ ٰ ﺬ ِ ه ِ ﺗ َ ﺬ ْ ﻛ ِ ﺮ َ ة ٌ ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ ا ﷲ ُ و َ ا ﷲ ُ ﻣ ِ ﻦ ْ و َ ر َ ا ﺋ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ ﻣ ُّ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻂ ٌ
- 33. 33 Past Tense ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻌ ْ ﻞ ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ َ ﺎ & ِ ْ Plural Pair Singular They helped. ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ They(2) helped. ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ He helped ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ Masculine 3rd person ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ُ و ْ ا ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ا ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ They(f) helped. ﻫ ُ ﻦ B They (2f) helped ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ She helped. ﻫ ِ َ Feminine 3rd person ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ن َ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ﺗ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ت ْ You all helped. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ You (2) helped. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ You helped. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ َ Masculine 2nd person ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﻳ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﻳ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ت َ You all(f) helped أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺘ ُ B You (2f) helped أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ You helped(f). أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ ِ Feminine 2nd person ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﻳ ُ ﻦ B ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﻳ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ت ِ we helped. ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ I helped. أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ 1st Person ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ت ُ
- 34. 34 What is the pronoun behind each past tense? 1. ﻗ ُ ﻠ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ أ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ 2. أ َ ر ْ ﺿ َ ﻌ َ ﺖ ْ ﻗ َ ﻤ B ﺎ ﻫ 3. ﻧ َ ﺎ ﻓ َ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ﻫ ﻢ 4. ﺟ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻧ ﻦ 5. ﺗ َ ﻮ َ ¤ B ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ أ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ 6. ﺧ َ ﻠ َ ﻘ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻧ ﻦ 7. أ ُ ﺷ ْ ِ ﺑ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ﻫ ﻢ 8. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺒ َ ﺘ َ ﺖ ْ و َ ر َ ﺑ َ ﺖ ْ و َ ا ِ ﻫ ْ ﺘ َ B ت ْ ﻫ 9. أ َ ﻗ ْ ﺮ َ ر ْ ﻳ ُ ﻢ ْ أ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ 10. و َ ا ﻵ ْ ﺧ ِ ﺮ َ ة َ ا o ُّ ﻏ ْ ﻴ َ ﺎ ﺧ َ ﺴ ِ َ ﻫ ﻮ 11. ﺧ َ ﻠ َ ﺖ ْ ﻗ َ ﺪ ْ أ ُ ﻣ B ﺔ ٌ ﺗ ِ ﻠ ْ ﻚ َ ﻫ 12. ا ﻟ ْ ﻌ َ ﺬ َ ا ب ُ ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻪ ِ ﺣ َ ﻖ B ﻫ ﻮ 13. ﻛ َ ﺴ َ ﺒ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻣ B ﺎ و َ ﻟ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ أ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ 14. ر َ ﺑ ِ ّ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ ﻓِ ْ ﺧ ْ ﺘ َ ﺼ َ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ا ِ ﻫ ﻢ 15. ا ﻳ B ﺒ َ ﻌ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ا œ B ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ ﺗ َ ﺒ َ B أ َ إ ِ ذ ْ ﻫ ﻢ 16. أ َ ر َ ا د ُ و ْ ا ﻛ ُ B ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻫ ﻢ 17. ا ِ ﺗ B َ ﺬ َ ت ْ ﻫ 18. ا ﻟ ﺴ B ﻤ َ ﺎ ء ِ ﻣ ِ ﻦ َ ﺧ َ ﺮ B ﻛ َ ﺄ َ ﻏ B ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻫ ﻮ 19. ﻳ َ ﻄ َ ﻬ B ﺮ ْ ن َ ﻓ َ ﺈ ِ ذ َ ا ﻫ ﻦ ّ 20. ﻛ ُ ﻨ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ أ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ 21. أ َ ﺟ َ ﻠ َ ﻬ ُ ﻦ B ﺒ َ ﻠ َ ﻐ ْ ﻦ َ ﻓ َ ﻫ ﻦ ّ 22. ﺨ َ ﺎ ﻏ َ ﺘ َ ﺎ ﻓ َ ﻫ ﻤ ﺎ 23. ﻳ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ا ﻫ ﻢ 24. ﻗ َ ﻮ ْ ﻣ ِ ْ ﻋ َ ﻮ ْ ت ُ د َ إ ِ kِ ّ ْ أ ﻧ ﺎ 25. ﻟ ُ ﻤ ْ ﺘ ُ B أ ﻧ ﺘ B 26. ر َ ا و َ د ْ ت ُ أ ﻧ ﺎ 27. ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻻ َ ﻫ ﻤ ﺎ 28. ا ِ ﻳ B ﻘ َ ﻴ ْ ﺘ ُ B أ ﻧ ﺘ B
- 35. 35 Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls Recall that pronouns attached to fi’ls are nasb because they are details. To translate fi’ls with attached pronouns. Eg: ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ﻳ ِ ْ 1) Identify and ignore the attached pronoun: k ِ ْ is the attached pronoun. 2) Translate the fi’l by itself: ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ means “he helped”. 3) Translate the attached pronoun by itself: k ِ ْ means “me” 4) Put it all together: ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ﻳ ِ ْ “He helped me” Examples: He helped ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ He helped her ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ﻫ َ ﺎ I helped ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ت ُ I helped him ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﺗ ُ ﻪ ُ She helped ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ت ْ She helped me ﻧ َ ﺼ َ ْ ﺗ ْ ﻨ ِ ْ We taught ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ We taught all of you(f) ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ ُ ﻦ B Both of you taught ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ Both of you taught both of them ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ All of you taught ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ All of you taught us ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﺎ They said ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ا They said it ﻗ َ ﺎ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ه ُ Circle the attached pronoun: 1. اِ ﺧ ْ ﺘ َ ْ ﺗ ُ ﻚ َ 2. ﺟ َ ﺎ ء َ ﻳ ْ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ 3. ﻓ َ ﺬ َ ﺑ َ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ َ ﺎ 4. أ َ ﻛ ْ ﺮ َ ﻫ ْ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ 5. ﻓ َ ﺠ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻫ َ ﺎ 6. ﻗ َ ﺘ َ ﻠ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ 7. ﺧ َ ﻠ َ ﻘ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ 8. و َ ﺟ َ ﺪ ْ ﻳ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ 9. ﻗ ُ ﻠ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻪ ُ 10. آ ﺗ َ ﻴ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻦ B 11. أ َ ﻛ ْ ﺒ َ ْ ﻧ َ ﻪ ُ 12. ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ï ُ ﻢ ْ
- 36. 36 Translate based on the English clues 1. ﻫ َ ﺎ أ َ ﻫ ْ ﻠ َ ﻜ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ (to destroy) We destroyed her 2. ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ ﺟ َ ﺎ ء َ (to come) He came to them 3. ﻣ َ ﻮ َ ا ز ِ ﻳ ْ ﻨ ُ ﻪ ُ ﻋ َ ﻘ ُ ﻠ َ ﺖ ْ (to become heavy) His scales became heavy 4. ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ ﻣ َ ﻜ B ﻨ B ﺎ (to settle someone/something) We settled you all 5. ﻚ َ ﻣ َ ﻨ َ ﻌ َ ﻣ َ ﺎ (to forbid) He did not forbid you 6. ﻨ ِ ْ أ َ ﻏ ْ ﻮ َ ﻳ ْ ﺘ َ (to put in error) You put me in error 7. ﻚ َ ﺗ َ ﺒ ِ ﻌ َ (to follow) He followed you 8. ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﻴ ْ ﻄ َ ﺎ ن ُ ﻟ َ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻮ َ ﺳ ْ ﻮ َ س َ ﻓ َ (to whisper evil suggestions) Shaytan whispered evil suggestions to both of them 9. ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻗ َ ﺎ ﺳ َ ﻤ َ و َ (to swear to someone) And he swore to both of them 10. ا ﻟ ﺸ B ﺠ َ ﺮ َ ة َ ذ َ ا ﻗ َ ﺎ (to taste) Both of them tasted (from) the tree 11. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﻔ ُ ﺴ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻇ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ (to wrong) We wronged ourselves 12. ا ﻟ َْ ﻨ B ﺔ ِ ﻣ ِ ّ ﻦ َ أ َ ﺑ َ ﻮ َ ﻳ ْ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ أ َ ﺧ ْ ﺮ َ ج َ (to expel) He expelled your(dual) fathers from Jannah 13. ﻓ َ ﺎ ﺣ ِ ﺸ َ ﺔ ً ﻓ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ُ ﻮ ْ ا و َ +ِ ذ َ ا (to do) And when they do a foul deed 14. ﺑ ِ ﺎ ﻟ ْ ﻘ ِ ﺴ ْ ﻂ ِ ر َ ë ِ ّ ْ أ َ ﻣ َ ﺮ َ (to command) My Master commanded with justice 15. ا ﷲ ِ ز ِ ﻳ ْ ﻨ َ ﺔ َ ﺣ َ ﺮ B م َ ﻣ َ ﻦ ْ (to make illegal/forbid) Who has prohibited the adornment of Allah 16. أ َ ﺟ َ ﻠ ُ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ﺟ َ ﺎ ء َ (to come) their appointed time came 17. ﻗ َ ﻨ ْ ﻬ َ ﺎ ا ﺳ ْ ﺘ َ ﻜ ْ ﺒ َ ُ و ْ ا و َ ﺑ ِ ﺂ ﻳ َ ﺎ ﺗ ِ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ َ ﺬ B ﺑ ُ ﻮ ا و َ ا œ B ِ ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ Those who denied Our verses and stand arrogant against them (To be arrogant) (to deny)
- 37. 37 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns. 1. ﺧ َ ﻠ َ ﻘ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ___He___ created __all of you___. 2. ﺟ ِ ﺌ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ _I___ came to _all of you___. 3. ﻣ َ ﺘ B ﻌ ْ ﺘ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ _You __ provided comforts for __all of them_. 4. ﺟ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ __We_ made _all of you___. 5. و َ ﺟ َ ﺎ ء َ ﻳ ْ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ and _she __ came to __all of them__. 6. ﻓ َ ﺠ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻫ َ ﺎ Then _We_ made __it(f)__. 7. ﻗ َ ﻘ َ ﻠ ُ ﻮ ْ ه ُ __They___ understood ___him/it___. 8. ﻓ َ ﺬ َ ﺑ َ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ َ ﺎ Then _they___ slaughtered __it(f)___. 9. ﻣ َ ﺴ B ﺘ ْ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ __She/it___ touched ___all of them___. 10. آ ﺗ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ __We___ gave _all of you___. 11. ﻇ َ ﻠ َ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﺎ _They__ wronged ___us___. 12. ﻓ َ ﺄ َ ﺧ َ ﺬ َ ﺗ ْ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ __It(f)___ seized _all of you____. 13. ﻧ َ B ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ __We___ rescued __all of you__. 14. ﻓ َ ﻀ B ﻠ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ __I__ favored __all of you__. 15. ﻓ َ ﺄ َ ﺧ ْ ﺮ َ ﺟ َ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ _He___ expelled __both of them____. 16. ﻋ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ْ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ __you___ taught __us___. 17. ﻋ َ ﺮ َ ﺿ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ___he____ brought before ___them___. 18. ﻧ َ ﻌ َ ﺜ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ ___we ___ raised ___all of them____.
- 38. 38 19. أ َ ﻛ ْ ﺮ َ ﻫ ْ ﺘ َ ﻨ َ ﺎ __you__ forced ___us____. 20. ﻓ َ ﻌ َ ﻘ َ ﺮ ُ و ْ ﻫ َ ﺎ __they___ hamstrung ___her/it____. 21. ﻓ َ ﺄ َ ﻧ ْ ﺬ َ ر ْ ﺗ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ ___I___ warned __all of you_____. 22. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺰ َ ﺠ ْ َ ﺎ ه ُ _We___ sent __it/him___ down. 23. أ َ ﻃ َ ﻌ ْ ﻨ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ _they(f)___ obey _all of you___. 24. أ ﺧ ْ ﺘ َ َ ه ُ __he___ made __him___ immortal. 25. ﻓ َ ﺠ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ ___He____ made ___all of them___. 26. أ َ ﻗ ْ ﻄ َ ﻴ ْ ﻨ َ ﺎ ك َ ___We____ gave ____you____. 27. آ ﺗ َ ﻴ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻦ B You all___ gave ____them(f)___. 28. ﻛ َ ﺮ ِ ﻫ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻦ B ___You all__ hated ____them(f)____. 29. ﻗ َ ﺘ َ ﻠ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ ___You all___ killed ____them_____. 30. ﻧ َ ﺼ َ َ ï ُ ﻢ ْ __he___ helped ___all of you___. 31. ﻓ َ ﺘ َ ﻘ َ ﺒ B ﻠ َ ﻬ َ ﺎ __He__ accepted ___her___. 32. و َ أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺒ َ ﺘ َ ﻬ َ ﺎ and _He__ caused __her___ to grow. 33. ﻃ َ ﻬ B ﺮ َ ك ِ __He___ purified __you(f)___. 34. ﺟ ِ ﺌ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ __I___ came to _all of you___. 35. ﻛ َ ﺬ B ﺑ ُ ﻮ ْ ك َ _They__ lied against ___you_____.
- 39. 39 Present Tense ا ﻟ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻌ ْ ﻞ ُ ا ﻟ ْ ﻤ ُ ﻀ َ ﺎ ر ِ ع ُ Plural Pair Singular They help. ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ They (2) help. ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ He helps. ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ Masculine 3rd person ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ و ْ ن َ ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ They(f) help. ﻫ ُ ﻦ B They (2f) help ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ She helps. ﻫ ِ َ Feminine 3rd person ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ْ ن َ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ You all help. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ You (2) help. أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ You help. أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ َ Masculine 2nd person ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ و ْ ن َ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ You all(f) help أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺘ ُ B You (2f) help أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ You help(f). أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ ِ Feminine 2nd person ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ْ ن َ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻦ َ We help. ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ I help. أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ 1st Person ﻏ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ
- 40. 40 Present Tense Tips Remember a present tense will start with a ن َ ن ُ أ َ أ ُ ت َ ت ُ ي َ ي ُ . Below are the present tense tips, along with two example words and translation. he teaches ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻢ ُ he helps ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ ي َ / ي ُ = ﻫ ُ ﻮ َ they(2,m) teach ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ they(2,m) help ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ (m) ي َ / ي ُ + ا ن ِ = ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ they(pl,m) teach ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ they(pl,m) help ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ و ْ ن َ ي َ / ي ُ + و ْ ن َ = ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ they(pl,f) teach ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ْ ﻦ َ they(pl,f) help ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ْ ن َ ن َ = ﻫ ُ ﻦ B ْ ي َ / ي ُ + she teaches ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻢ ُ she helps ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ َ or ت َ / ت ُ = ﻫ ِ َ you(m,s) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻢ ُ you(m,s) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ they(2,f) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ they(2,f) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ or (f) ت َ / ت ُ + ا ن ِ = ﻫ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ you(2) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ you(2) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ َ ا ن ِ you(pl,m) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ you(pl,m) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ و ْ ن َ ت َ / ت ُ + و ْ ن َ = أ َ ﻏ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻢ ْ you(f,s) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ َ you(f,s) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ِ ﻳ ْ ﻦ َ ت َ / ت ُ + ﻓ ْ ﻦ َ = أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺖ ِ you(pl,f) teach ﻳ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ْ ﻦ َ you(pl,f) help ﻳ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ْ ن َ أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺘ ُ B ن َ = ْ ت َ / ت ُ + I teach أ ُ ﻋ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻢ ُ I help أ َ ﻧ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ أ َ / أ ُ = أ َ ﻧ َ ﺎ we teach ﻏ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻢ ُ we help ﻏ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ ن َ / ن ُ = ﻧ َ ْ ﻦ ُ
- 41. 41 Translate based on the English clues 1. ﺗ َ ﺬ َ ﻛ B ﺮ ُ و ْ ن َ ﻣ B ﺎ ﻗ َ ﻠ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻼ ً to remember How little you all remember 2. ﻓ َ ﻈ ْ ﻠ ِ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﺑ ِ ﺂ ﻳ َ ﺎ ﺗ ِ ﻨ َ ﺎ to wrong/do injustice They do injustice to our miraculous signs 3. ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ﺗ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﻳ َ و َ ﻓ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻬ َ ﺎ to live and to die And you all die in it 4. ﻋ َ ﻠ َ ﻴ ْ ﻬ َ ﺎ أ َ ﺗ َ ﻮ َ ï B ﺄ ُ to lean I lean on it 5. ﺘ َ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ل ُ ﻓ َ to say So you say 6. ﺘ َ ﺬ َ ﻛ B ﺮ ُ ﻓ َ ﻟ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻪ ُ to take a reminder Perhaps he may take a reminder 7. ﻧ َ َ ﺎ ف ُ إ ِ ﻏ B ﻨ َ ﺎ to fear Certainly, we fear 8. ﻳ ُ ﺮ ِ ﻳ ْ ﺪ َ ا ن ِ to want Both of them want 9. ﻳ َ ْ ﺼ ِ ﻔ َ ﺎ ن ِ to put together Both of them put together 10. ﻣ َ ﺴ َ ﺎ ﻛ ِ ﻨ ِ ﻬ ِ ﻢ ْ ﻓِ ْ ﻓ َ ﻤ ْ ﺸ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ to walk They walk in their dwellings 11. ﻓ َ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ to say They say 12. ﻓ َ ﺴ َ ﺘ َ ﻌ ْ ﻠ َ ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ to know So you all will know 13. ﺷ َ ﻴ ْ ﺌ ً ﺎ ﻳ َ ْ ﻠ ُ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﻻ َ to create They don’t create a thing 14. ا ﻵ ْ ﻳ َ ﺎ ت ِ ﻞ ُ ﻏ ُ ﻔ َ ﺼ ِ ّ ﻛ َ ﺬ َٰ ﻟ ِ ﻚ َ to explain In that way, we explain the miraculous signs 15. ﻳ َ ﺘ َ َ ﺑ B ﺼ ْ ﻦ َ to wait They (f) wait 16. ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ َ ﺎ ن ِ to teach Both of them teach 17. ﻣ ِ ﻨ ْ ﻬ ُ ﻤ َ ﺎ ﻴ َ ﺘ َ ﻌ َ ﻠ B ﻤ ُ ﻮ ْ ن َ ﻓ َ to learn So they learned from both of them
- 42. 42 Present tense and pronouns. Translate based on the English cues 1. ﻳ َ ﺄ ْ ﻳ ِ ﻴ َ ﺎ ﻧ ِ ﻬ َ ﺎ to commit Both of them commit it 2. ﻓ ُ ﻘ َ ﺎ ﺗ ِ ﻠ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ fight They fight you all 3. ﻳ َ ﻌ ِ ﻈ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to advise He advises you all 4. ﻓ ُ ﻌ ْ ﺠ ِ ﺒ ُ ﻚ َ to impress He impresses you 5. ﺗ َ ﺄ ْ ﺧ ُ ﺬ ُ ه ُ to take She takes it 6. ﻓ َ ﺒ ْ ﻐ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to want They want you all 7. ﻳ َ ﺴ ْ ﺄ َ ﻟ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻚ َ ask They ask you 8. ﻳ َ ﻠ ْ ﻤ ِ ﺰ ُ ك َ to criticize He criticizes you 9. ﻳ ُ َ ﺎ و ِ ر ُ ه ُ converse with He converses with him 10. أ َ ﺣ ْ ِ ﻠ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to carry I carry you all 11. ﻓ َ ﻨ ْ ﺼ ُ ُ و ْ ﻧ َ ﻪ ُ to help They help him 12. ﻳ َ ﻌ ْ ﻠ َ ﻤ ُ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ to know You know them / she knows them 13. ﻓ َ ﺘ َ ﺘ B ﺨ ِ ﺬ ُ و ْ ﻧ َ ﻪ ُ to take You all take it 14. ﻳ ُ ﺼ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺒ ُ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ to afflict He afflicts them / it afflicts them 15. ﻳ ُ ﺆ َ ا ﺧ ِ ﺬ ُ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ to hold accountabl e He holds all of them accountable 16. ﻳ َ ﺴ ْ ﺘ َ ﺄ ْ ذ ِ ﻧ ُ ﻚ َ to seek permission from He seeks permission from you 17. ﻧ َ ْ ﺸ ُ ُ ه ُ to gather We gather him/it 18. ﻳ ُ ﺪ ْ ﺧ ِ ﻠ ُ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ To admit he will admit them 19. ﻳ َ ْ ﺰ ُ ﻧ ُ ﻨ ِ ْ to sadden It saddens me 20. ﺳ َ ﻨ ُ ﻄ ِ ﻴ ْ ﻌ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ obey We will obey you all 21. ﻓ ُ ﻌ َ ﻠ ِ ّ ﻤ ُ ﻚ َ to teach He teaches you 22. ﻳ ُ ﺪ ْ ر ِ ï ْ ﻜ ُّ ﻢ ْ reach He/ it reaches all of you 23. ﻳ َ ﺄ ْ ﻛ ُ ﻠ ُ ﻬ ُ ﻦ B to eat He eats all of them (f) 24. ﻳ َ ﺴ ْ ﺄ َ ﻟ ُ ﻚ َ to ask He asks you 25. أ ُ ﻧ َ ﺒ ِ ّ ﺌ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to inform I inform you all 26. ﺗ ُ ﺆ ْ ذ ُ و ْ ﻧ َ ﻨ ِ ْ to harm You all harm me 27. ﻳ ُ ﺒ َ ﺸ ِ ّ ُ ك ِ to give good news He gives good news to you (f) 28. ﻳ ُ ﻨ ْ ﺬ ِ ر ُ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ to warn You warn all of them 29. ﻳ ُ َ ﺬ ِ ّ ر ُ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ to warn He warns you all 30. ﻳ ُ ﻤ ِ ﻴ ْ ﺘ ُ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to cause to die He causes you all to die 31. ﺗ ُ َ ﺪ ِ ّ ﺛ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻏ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ to inform All of you inform all of them 32. ﻳ َ ﺴ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻣ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ to afflict They were afflicting you all 33. ﻳ َ ﻀ ُ ُّ ﻫ ُ ﻢ ْ to harm He harms all of them 34. ﻳ َ ﺄ ْ ﻣ ُ ﺮ ُ ﻛ ُ ﻢ ْ to command He commands all of you 35. ﻳ ُ ِ ﺒ ُّ ﻮ ْ ﻏ َ ﻬ ُ ﻢ ْ to love They love all of them 36. ﻳ ُ َ ﺮ ِ ّ ﻓ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻪ ُ to distort They distort it 37. ﻓ ُ ﻨ ْ ﻔ ِ ﻘ ُ ﻮ ْ ﻏ َ ﻬ َ ﺎ to spend They spend it 38. ﻳ ُ َ ﺎ ﺟ ُّ ﻮ ْ ﻧ َ ﻜ ُ ﻢ ْ argue They argue (with) you