ABSTRACT- The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium chloride on Histoarchiteceture of head kidney of fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The fishes were exposed to 0.5 ppm of cadmium chloride for 21 days. The most remarkable changes in head kidney, due to cadmium chloride were lysed condition of interrenal and chromaffin cells. The traces of cytoplasm had dark brown to black coloured cytoplasm. Most of cells are deformed and necrotic condition. Their size was significant at (P< 0.01 and 0.001) increased after cadmium chloride. All these changes will be recovered by herbal compound i.e. Ashwagandha. The damaged tissues were recovered in already treated group.
Key-words- Ashwagandha, Cadmium chloride, Chromaffin cells, Heteropneustes fossilis, Histopathology, Interrenal cells
Presentation on large-scale e-Learning for Educators online professional development program and research with online training and courses by EdTech Leaders Online at EDC.
ABSTRACT- The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium chloride on Histoarchiteceture of head kidney of fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The fishes were exposed to 0.5 ppm of cadmium chloride for 21 days. The most remarkable changes in head kidney, due to cadmium chloride were lysed condition of interrenal and chromaffin cells. The traces of cytoplasm had dark brown to black coloured cytoplasm. Most of cells are deformed and necrotic condition. Their size was significant at (P< 0.01 and 0.001) increased after cadmium chloride. All these changes will be recovered by herbal compound i.e. Ashwagandha. The damaged tissues were recovered in already treated group.
Key-words- Ashwagandha, Cadmium chloride, Chromaffin cells, Heteropneustes fossilis, Histopathology, Interrenal cells
Presentation on large-scale e-Learning for Educators online professional development program and research with online training and courses by EdTech Leaders Online at EDC.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
097 atherosclerotic lesions have regions of low p h
1. Atherosclerotic Lesions Have Regions of
Low pH
Editorial Slides
VP Watch –July 31, 2002 - Volume 2, Issue 30
Provided by:
David S. Leake, Ph.D.
Cardiovascular Research Group
Cell and Molecular Biology Research Division
School of Animal and Microbial Sciences
The University of Reading
United Kingdom
2. Do Atherosclerotic Lesions Have An
Extracellular Acidic pH?
• It has been proposed that atherosclerotic lesions may
have a localised acidic pH.1
• They may be acidic by analogy to
– Inflammatory sites
– Ischaemic sites
– Tumours
• Macrophages release lactic acid and protons and
acidify their immediate environment to as low as pH
3.6. 2
• Until now the pH of atherosclerotic lesions has not
been measured.
3. Oxidised LDL and Atherosclerosis
• The local oxidation of LDL in atherosclerotic
lesions may be important in this disease. 3
• Oxidised LDL is taken up faster by
macrophages and may contribute to foam cell
formation.
• Oxidised LDL activates inflammatory genes,
inhibits the activity of nitric oxide and induces
apoptosis in cells.
4. pH and LDL Oxidation
• LDL oxidation by macrophages catalysed by
iron is much faster at acidic pH4
.
• The early stages of LDL oxidation by copper
are slower at acidic pH, but the generation
of a highly-oxidised form of LDL that is
taken
up rapidly by macrophages is faster5
.
5. pH and LDL Oxidation
• In the presence of antioxidants, such as serum or
histidine, the early stages of LDL oxidation by
copper are faster at acidic pH, because the
antioxidants are less effective at acidic pH. 6
• LDL oxidation by iron and the iron–carrying protein
transferrin is much faster at acidic pH. 7
• LDL oxidation by the copper-containing protein
caeruloplasmin is faster after caeruloplasmin has
been pre-incubated at acidic pH. 8
6. Atherosclerotic Lesions Have
Regions of Reduced pH
• Naghavi and co-workers at the Center
for Vulnerable Plaque Research at the
University of Texas Houston Health
Science Center have for the first time
measured the extracellular pH of
atherosclerotic lesions. 9
7. Methods (1)
• Human atherosclerotic carotid artery specimens were
obtained after endarterectomy.
• Atherosclerotic aortas of Watanabe heritable
hyperlipidaemic rabbits and (as a control) human
undiseased umbilical arteries were also investigated.
• They were immediately incubated in culture medium at 37°C
and incubated for 30min under 5% CO2.
• The pH of the lesions was measured with a glass tipped
needle microelectrode of 750µm diameter attached to a
micromanipulator and advanced to a depth of 200µm.
8. Methods (2)
• pH-Sensitive fluorescent probes were also used.
• BCECF (2’,7’-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-
carboxyfluorescein acid) is not permeable to cells
and would have measured just the extracellular pH.
• SNARF (acetoxymethyl ester derivatve) is
permeable to cells and would have measured
both the extracellular and intracellular pH.
• After incubation with these compounds, the specimens
were quickly frozen and sections taken. The fluorescence
was then imaged.
9. Results (1)
• The extracellular pH of the lipid-rich areas of the carotid
plaques was 7.15 ± 0.01 (S.D.) and that of the calcified
areas 7.73 ± 0.01, which were highly significantly
different.
• Some regions of the human and rabbit lesions had a pH
of 7.0 or below.
• The umbilical arteries had a mean pH of 7.24, with little
variation.
11. Results (3)
Temperature and pH
• The temperature (a measurement of metabolic
activity) and the extracellular pH were inversely
correlated in the human and rabbit lesions.
• This suggests that the lowered pH was due to
secondary ischaemia, (i.e. to increased
metabolism by the macrophages leading to the
release pf lactic acid), rather than to primary
hypoxia (i.e.to a lack of blood supply to the tissue).
12. Discussion (1)
• This is an important study as it shows
for the first time that atherosclerotic
lesions have a lowered pH. It is
especially noteworthy as human
lesions, as well animal lesions, were
studied.
13. Discussion (1)
• The authors were motivated to measure the
extracellular pH of plaques as such a
measurement may possibly in the future detect
plaques in vivo that are liable to fissure and
precipitate thrombosis leading to myocardial
infarctions or strokes. The plaques that are
liable to fissure contain a lot of macrophages
in the shoulder region of the lipid core and
these regions would be expected to have a low
extracellular pH.
14. Discussion (2)
Very Localised Acidity
• A relatively wide microelectrode (750µm diameter)
had to be used, due to the fibrous nature of the
arterial wall. As the authors point out, this may
have led to the acidity in very localised parts of the
lesions (i.e. areas rich in macrophages) being
underestimated.
• The acidity may also have been underestimated if
the microelectrode crushed some of the cells and
released their contents, thereby raising the pH of
the extracellular fluid (cytosol has a pH of about
7.2 usually).
15. Questions (1)
• It will be important to expand on these findings and
to try to measure the pH of atherosclerotic lesions in
vivo, although this will be technically demanding.
• The extracellular pH of tumours has been shown to
be acidic by magnetic resonance microscopy, but at
present this is not sensitive enough for
atherosclerotic lesions10
.
• The authors of the paper discussed here are
currently working on a near infrared spectroscopy
technique to measure the pH of atherosclerotic
plaques and the results of this study will be eagerly
awaited11
.
16. Questions (2)
• Now that the extracellular pH of
atherosclerotic lesions has been shown to be
low, it will be important to understand the
effects that an acidic pH has on various
aspects of atherosclerosis, such as
– LDL oxidation
– Apoptosis
– Metalloproteinase and other protease activity
– Cell migration
– Gene expression
17. References (1)
• 1 Leake, D. S. (1997) Atherosclerosis 129, 149-157. Does an acidic pH
explain why low density lipoprotein is oxidised in atherosclerotic lesions?
• 2 Silver, I. A., Murrills, R. J. & Etherington, D. J. (1988) Experimental Cell
Research 175, 266-276. Microelectrode studies on the acid microenvironment
beneath adherent macrophages and osteoclasts
• 3 Steinberg, D. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20963-20966. Low density
lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance
• 4 Morgan, J. & Leake, D. S. (1993) FEBS Lett. 333, 275-279. Acidic pH
increases the oxidation of LDL by macrophages
• 5 Morgan, J. & Leake, D. S. (1995) J. Lipid Res. 36, 2504-2512. Oxidation of
low density lipoprotein by iron or copper at acidic pH
• 6 Patterson, R. A. & Leake, D. S. (1998) FEBS Lett. 434, 317-321. Human
serum, cysteine and histidine inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein less
at acidic pH
18. References (2)
• 7 Lamb, D. J. & Leake, D. S. (1994) FEBS Lett. 352, 15-18. Iron released
from transferrin at acidic pH can catalyse the oxidation of low density lipoprotein
• 8 Lamb, D. J. & Leake, D. S. (1994) FEBS Lett. 338, 122-126. Acidic pH
enables caeruloplasmin to catalyse the modification of low-density lipoprotein
• 9 Naghavi, M., John , R., Naguib, S., Siadaty, M. S., Grasu, R., Kurian, K. C.,
van Winkle, W. B., Soller, B., Litovsky, S., Madjid, M., Willerson, J. T. &
Cassells, W. (2002) Atherosclerosis 164, 27-35. pH Heterogeneity of human and
rabbit atherosclerotic plaques; a new insight into detection of vulnerable plaque
• 10 Griffiths, J. R. (1991) British Journal of Cancer 64, 425-427. Are cancer
cells acidic?
• 11 Khan, T., Soller, B., Madjid, M., Willerson, J. T., Casscells, S. W. &
Naghavi, M. (2002) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22, P134. Progress with the
calibration of a 3F near infrared spectroscopy fiber optic catheter for monitoring
the pH of atherosclerotic plaque: Introducing a novel approach for detection of
vulnerable plaque