This document discusses how moderate exercise affects natural killer (NK) cells through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). It explains that KIRs are receptors on NK cells that can be either activatory or inhibitory, and regulate NK cell cytotoxicity. Moderate exercise increases expression of the KIR2DS2 activatory receptor and KIR2DL3 inhibitory receptor on NK cells. This is mediated by increased levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from exercise, which activates a transcription factor that increases expression of these KIR genes. Upregulating these receptors promotes NK cell immune surveillance and effectiveness, demonstrating how exercise can benefit immune system function.
This thesis investigates the role of large conductance calcium and voltage activated potassium (BK) channels in the neurodegenerative process caused by mutations in the cysteine string protein alpha (CSPα). CSPα is a molecular chaperone important for synaptic maintenance. A mutation in the CSPα gene causes adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL), a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by lysosomal accumulation in neurons. Previous studies found increased expression of BK channels in CSPα knockout mice, but the significance is unknown. This study examines BK channel expression levels at various ages in CSPα wild-type and knockout mice, and the effects of lysosome inhibition on BK channel levels, to better
Following ischemic stroke, activating cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (C...Andreea-Diana Moisa
Following ischemic stroke, activating cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) using endogenous and synthetic agonists appears to have neuroprotective effects by reducing calcium influx, inhibiting glutamate release to normalize homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and restoring blood supply. CB1 activation enhances endocannabinoid signaling to promote neuronal maintenance and function, while CB2 activation protects against cerebral ischemia by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and reducing infarct size.
I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a op...BarrisCrisi
Cruz Gallach, H. & Martínez Moreno, R. (2016) "I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a oportunitat". In: Fernández, M & Gifreu, J. (dir.). La utiltzació dels buits urbans. Barcelona: Diputació de Barcelona, pp. 172-183.
Hypoxia-mediated selection leads to cells with diminished apoptotic potential. Cancer cells can die through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unregulated cell death, while apoptosis is a regulated process of cell suicide. Apoptosis is triggered when DNA damage cannot be repaired. Bcl-2 proteins help determine whether a cell undergoes apoptosis or survives under hypoxic conditions. Diminished apoptotic potential allows cancer cells to survive hypoxia and evade cell death.
This document presents a case of a 52-year-old female with fluid and electrolyte imbalance. She was admitted for shortness of breath and found to have hyponatremia and pulmonary congestion secondary to heart failure. Laboratory results showed low sodium, high BUN, and abnormal electrolyte ratios. She was diagnosed with hypervolemic hyponatremia and treated with diuretics and fluid restriction, resulting in improved sodium levels over five days. The document then discusses key principles of fluid balance, electrolytes, hypovolemia, and their management.
I bought this file from (FB name: Dee Dee). The files are extremely helpful, visit his Facebook account or Facebook page.
https://web.facebook.com/groups/670462807397676/
This document discusses how moderate exercise affects natural killer (NK) cells through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). It explains that KIRs are receptors on NK cells that can be either activatory or inhibitory, and regulate NK cell cytotoxicity. Moderate exercise increases expression of the KIR2DS2 activatory receptor and KIR2DL3 inhibitory receptor on NK cells. This is mediated by increased levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from exercise, which activates a transcription factor that increases expression of these KIR genes. Upregulating these receptors promotes NK cell immune surveillance and effectiveness, demonstrating how exercise can benefit immune system function.
This thesis investigates the role of large conductance calcium and voltage activated potassium (BK) channels in the neurodegenerative process caused by mutations in the cysteine string protein alpha (CSPα). CSPα is a molecular chaperone important for synaptic maintenance. A mutation in the CSPα gene causes adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL), a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by lysosomal accumulation in neurons. Previous studies found increased expression of BK channels in CSPα knockout mice, but the significance is unknown. This study examines BK channel expression levels at various ages in CSPα wild-type and knockout mice, and the effects of lysosome inhibition on BK channel levels, to better
Following ischemic stroke, activating cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (C...Andreea-Diana Moisa
Following ischemic stroke, activating cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) using endogenous and synthetic agonists appears to have neuroprotective effects by reducing calcium influx, inhibiting glutamate release to normalize homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and restoring blood supply. CB1 activation enhances endocannabinoid signaling to promote neuronal maintenance and function, while CB2 activation protects against cerebral ischemia by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and reducing infarct size.
I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a op...BarrisCrisi
Cruz Gallach, H. & Martínez Moreno, R. (2016) "I si «mentrestant» creem institucions comunitàries? Els buits urbans com a oportunitat". In: Fernández, M & Gifreu, J. (dir.). La utiltzació dels buits urbans. Barcelona: Diputació de Barcelona, pp. 172-183.
Hypoxia-mediated selection leads to cells with diminished apoptotic potential. Cancer cells can die through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unregulated cell death, while apoptosis is a regulated process of cell suicide. Apoptosis is triggered when DNA damage cannot be repaired. Bcl-2 proteins help determine whether a cell undergoes apoptosis or survives under hypoxic conditions. Diminished apoptotic potential allows cancer cells to survive hypoxia and evade cell death.
This document presents a case of a 52-year-old female with fluid and electrolyte imbalance. She was admitted for shortness of breath and found to have hyponatremia and pulmonary congestion secondary to heart failure. Laboratory results showed low sodium, high BUN, and abnormal electrolyte ratios. She was diagnosed with hypervolemic hyponatremia and treated with diuretics and fluid restriction, resulting in improved sodium levels over five days. The document then discusses key principles of fluid balance, electrolytes, hypovolemia, and their management.
I bought this file from (FB name: Dee Dee). The files are extremely helpful, visit his Facebook account or Facebook page.
https://web.facebook.com/groups/670462807397676/
Bosche et al. - A differential impact of lithium on endothelium-dependent but...Dr. Bert Bosche
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of lithium on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vessel relaxation. The study found that at lower therapeutic lithium concentrations (0.4 mmol/L), acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation was slightly increased. However, at higher therapeutic and supratherapeutic lithium concentrations (0.8-100 mmol/L), endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation diminished in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, endothelium-independent vasorelaxation remained unaltered at any lithium concentration tested. Therefore, lithium has opposing effects on the endothelium depending on concentration, improving endothelium-dependent functions at lower levels but impairing them at
This study compared liver enzyme levels in normal subjects and those with sickle cell disease. The enzymes examined were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Blood samples were obtained from normal subjects (HbAA), heterozygous sickle cell trait carriers (HbAS), and homozygous sickle cell patients (HbSS). The activities of all three enzymes were higher in sickle cell subjects compared to normal, and highest during sickle cell crises. ALP showed the greatest differences between normal and sickle cell samples. The results indicate liver dysfunction or damage in sickle cell disease patients.
Organophosphorus compounds are commonly used insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Clinical features include acute cholinergic toxicity, intermediate syndrome of muscle weakness 24-96 hours later, and potential for delayed neuropathies. Diagnosis involves identifying exposure history and low cholinesterase levels on lab testing. Prompt treatment of cholinergic crisis and supportive care for respiratory failure are important.
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis A Case Reportijtsrd
"Hypokalemic periodic paralysis HPP is a medical emergency with prevalence of 1 in 100,000 . Rapid management is very important since, very low potassium levels can lead to cardiac complications . In this case, a twenty four year old female without a similar history in the family, having hypokalemia periodic paralysis attack is presented. This case report study has been presented for the consideration of the rare HPP in patients presenting with sudden muscle weakness. Blessy Rachal Boban | Cillamol K. J | Elena Cheruvil | Sheffin Thomas | Tony Abraham ""Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: A Case Report"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21658.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacy-practice/21658/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis-a-case-report/blessy-rachal-boban"
HIGH-FIELD MRS methods to Study Human Body ZOOM MRSI 2-hg 2-hydroxyglutarate...Uzay Emir
This document discusses the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study neurochemistry and cancer metabolism. It begins by introducing the philosophical concept of deconstruction. It then provides examples of how MRS can detect various neurochemicals in the brain and body. Specific applications discussed include using MRS to monitor neurochemical changes during bipolar disorder drug trials and to detect cancer metabolism biomarkers like 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors. The document concludes by justifying the utilization of MRS in areas like drug discovery and cancer imaging.
Perinatal asphyxia, also known as birth asphyxia, is a common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It occurs due to impaired gas exchange leading to hypoxemia and hypercarbia during labor or delivery. In India, 250,000-350,000 infants die each year due to birth asphyxia within the first three days of life. It can result in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a type of neonatal brain injury. The pathogenesis of HIE involves energy failure, excitotoxicity from glutamate, oxidative stress, and cell death mechanisms like necrosis and apoptosis. Specific patterns of brain injury seen in HIE include selective neuronal necrosis, parasagittal cerebral
Nitric oxide and its role in reproductiondavid sonwani
Nitirc oxide an noble gas signaling molecule present in all types of living organism as an excretory product. has multiple role in body including defense cure and mainly reproduction.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on thyroid health. It begins with the speaker, Louis Cady, MD, disclosing commercial relationships and interests. It then outlines the structure of the lecture, which will cover thyroid basics, practical information, and conclusions. The document discusses conventional thyroid testing and its limitations. It also reviews factors that affect thyroid hormone production and conversion. Overall, the document introduces topics to be covered in the lecture regarding thyroid function and testing.
1. The document discusses the history, pharmacological properties, advantages, and unfavorable conditions of sevoflurane.
2. It provides details on the development of sevoflurane from the 1960s onward and its approval for use in humans in the 1990s.
3. The document also examines sevoflurane's effects on various body systems and compares it to other inhalational anesthetics like isoflurane, noting sevoflurane's favorable properties like rapid induction/recovery and brain protective effects.
This document discusses hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), including its causes, effects on the heart, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes a case report of a 69-year-old woman who experienced hyperkalemia after dialysis. Her symptoms included abdominal pain, fatigue, and arrhythmia. Treatment involved calcium, insulin, glucose, and emergent dialysis to lower her potassium level. The document then provides details on potassium regulation in the body, effects of high potassium on heart function, electrocardiogram changes seen with hyperkalemia, common causes, and approaches for treating acute hyperkalemia including membrane stabilization, promoting potassium influx, and potassium removal methods like dialysis or sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
This document discusses the history, properties, uses, advantages and disadvantages of the inhalational anaesthetic Sevoflurane. It provides details on its development in the 1960s, approval for use in 1994 and pharmacological properties. Sevoflurane is highlighted as having advantages for neuroanaesthesia due to its minimal effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. While it provides rapid induction and recovery, disadvantages include potential to trigger malignant hyperthermia and other side effects. The document reviews several studies comparing Sevoflurane to other agents.
Sevoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. It has several advantages for neuroanesthesia compared to other agents. Sevoflurane maintains cerebral autoregulation at clinical doses, has minimal effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow, allows for rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia enabling early neurological assessment, and may provide cytoprotective effects in the brain. While sevoflurane is well-tolerated in most patients, it can potentially trigger malignant hyperthermia or other adverse effects like nausea, vomiting or seizures in some individuals.
Clinical insights and challenges: A rare case report of Leigh syndromebijnnjournal
Leigh syndrome is a severe neurological disorder that impairs mobility and respiration, among other bodily
functions. Progressive brain deterioration is what makes it distinctive. This case report describes a 10-monthold female child who displayed symptoms such as vibratory movements in the right upper and left lower limbs,
failure to thrive, decreased activity, and vomiting after consuming supplemental feeds. Multiple clinical signs of
Leigh syndrome, including missed developmental milestones and mild acute malnutrition, were identified during
a physical examination. So the symptoms that led to the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome were quadriparesis,
dystonia, intermittent stridor (laryngeal dystonia), and bulbar weakness
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and protease activity in lesions.
097 atherosclerotic lesions have regions of low p hSHAPE Society
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and protease activity in lesions.
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and proteolysis in atherosclerosis.
1. Genetic syndromes of severe insulin resistance include rare monogenic defects that result in conditions like leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. These are caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene that produce nonfunctional or impaired insulin receptors.
2. Leprechaunism is the most severe form, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, fasting hypoglycemia, and death in the first 1-2 years of life. It results from autosomal recessive mutations that create inactive insulin receptors. Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome is also autosomal recessive but milder, causing growth abnormalities and androgen excess.
This document summarizes a project investigating whether mitochondrial DNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) transcripts are dysregulated in the blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to controls. The student researcher designed primers, conducted quantitative real-time PCR on blood samples from controls and patients, and found several mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS transcripts were significantly more abundant in MCI and AD patients. This suggests peripheral changes in mitochondrial gene expression occur early in AD and could provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and treatment responses.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
More Related Content
Similar to Biophysical Aspects of the Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon
Bosche et al. - A differential impact of lithium on endothelium-dependent but...Dr. Bert Bosche
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of lithium on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vessel relaxation. The study found that at lower therapeutic lithium concentrations (0.4 mmol/L), acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation was slightly increased. However, at higher therapeutic and supratherapeutic lithium concentrations (0.8-100 mmol/L), endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation diminished in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, endothelium-independent vasorelaxation remained unaltered at any lithium concentration tested. Therefore, lithium has opposing effects on the endothelium depending on concentration, improving endothelium-dependent functions at lower levels but impairing them at
This study compared liver enzyme levels in normal subjects and those with sickle cell disease. The enzymes examined were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Blood samples were obtained from normal subjects (HbAA), heterozygous sickle cell trait carriers (HbAS), and homozygous sickle cell patients (HbSS). The activities of all three enzymes were higher in sickle cell subjects compared to normal, and highest during sickle cell crises. ALP showed the greatest differences between normal and sickle cell samples. The results indicate liver dysfunction or damage in sickle cell disease patients.
Organophosphorus compounds are commonly used insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Clinical features include acute cholinergic toxicity, intermediate syndrome of muscle weakness 24-96 hours later, and potential for delayed neuropathies. Diagnosis involves identifying exposure history and low cholinesterase levels on lab testing. Prompt treatment of cholinergic crisis and supportive care for respiratory failure are important.
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis A Case Reportijtsrd
"Hypokalemic periodic paralysis HPP is a medical emergency with prevalence of 1 in 100,000 . Rapid management is very important since, very low potassium levels can lead to cardiac complications . In this case, a twenty four year old female without a similar history in the family, having hypokalemia periodic paralysis attack is presented. This case report study has been presented for the consideration of the rare HPP in patients presenting with sudden muscle weakness. Blessy Rachal Boban | Cillamol K. J | Elena Cheruvil | Sheffin Thomas | Tony Abraham ""Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis: A Case Report"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21658.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacy-practice/21658/hypokalemic-periodic-paralysis-a-case-report/blessy-rachal-boban"
HIGH-FIELD MRS methods to Study Human Body ZOOM MRSI 2-hg 2-hydroxyglutarate...Uzay Emir
This document discusses the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study neurochemistry and cancer metabolism. It begins by introducing the philosophical concept of deconstruction. It then provides examples of how MRS can detect various neurochemicals in the brain and body. Specific applications discussed include using MRS to monitor neurochemical changes during bipolar disorder drug trials and to detect cancer metabolism biomarkers like 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors. The document concludes by justifying the utilization of MRS in areas like drug discovery and cancer imaging.
Perinatal asphyxia, also known as birth asphyxia, is a common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It occurs due to impaired gas exchange leading to hypoxemia and hypercarbia during labor or delivery. In India, 250,000-350,000 infants die each year due to birth asphyxia within the first three days of life. It can result in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a type of neonatal brain injury. The pathogenesis of HIE involves energy failure, excitotoxicity from glutamate, oxidative stress, and cell death mechanisms like necrosis and apoptosis. Specific patterns of brain injury seen in HIE include selective neuronal necrosis, parasagittal cerebral
Nitric oxide and its role in reproductiondavid sonwani
Nitirc oxide an noble gas signaling molecule present in all types of living organism as an excretory product. has multiple role in body including defense cure and mainly reproduction.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on thyroid health. It begins with the speaker, Louis Cady, MD, disclosing commercial relationships and interests. It then outlines the structure of the lecture, which will cover thyroid basics, practical information, and conclusions. The document discusses conventional thyroid testing and its limitations. It also reviews factors that affect thyroid hormone production and conversion. Overall, the document introduces topics to be covered in the lecture regarding thyroid function and testing.
1. The document discusses the history, pharmacological properties, advantages, and unfavorable conditions of sevoflurane.
2. It provides details on the development of sevoflurane from the 1960s onward and its approval for use in humans in the 1990s.
3. The document also examines sevoflurane's effects on various body systems and compares it to other inhalational anesthetics like isoflurane, noting sevoflurane's favorable properties like rapid induction/recovery and brain protective effects.
This document discusses hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), including its causes, effects on the heart, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes a case report of a 69-year-old woman who experienced hyperkalemia after dialysis. Her symptoms included abdominal pain, fatigue, and arrhythmia. Treatment involved calcium, insulin, glucose, and emergent dialysis to lower her potassium level. The document then provides details on potassium regulation in the body, effects of high potassium on heart function, electrocardiogram changes seen with hyperkalemia, common causes, and approaches for treating acute hyperkalemia including membrane stabilization, promoting potassium influx, and potassium removal methods like dialysis or sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
This document discusses the history, properties, uses, advantages and disadvantages of the inhalational anaesthetic Sevoflurane. It provides details on its development in the 1960s, approval for use in 1994 and pharmacological properties. Sevoflurane is highlighted as having advantages for neuroanaesthesia due to its minimal effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. While it provides rapid induction and recovery, disadvantages include potential to trigger malignant hyperthermia and other side effects. The document reviews several studies comparing Sevoflurane to other agents.
Sevoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. It has several advantages for neuroanesthesia compared to other agents. Sevoflurane maintains cerebral autoregulation at clinical doses, has minimal effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow, allows for rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia enabling early neurological assessment, and may provide cytoprotective effects in the brain. While sevoflurane is well-tolerated in most patients, it can potentially trigger malignant hyperthermia or other adverse effects like nausea, vomiting or seizures in some individuals.
Clinical insights and challenges: A rare case report of Leigh syndromebijnnjournal
Leigh syndrome is a severe neurological disorder that impairs mobility and respiration, among other bodily
functions. Progressive brain deterioration is what makes it distinctive. This case report describes a 10-monthold female child who displayed symptoms such as vibratory movements in the right upper and left lower limbs,
failure to thrive, decreased activity, and vomiting after consuming supplemental feeds. Multiple clinical signs of
Leigh syndrome, including missed developmental milestones and mild acute malnutrition, were identified during
a physical examination. So the symptoms that led to the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome were quadriparesis,
dystonia, intermittent stridor (laryngeal dystonia), and bulbar weakness
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and protease activity in lesions.
097 atherosclerotic lesions have regions of low p hSHAPE Society
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and protease activity in lesions.
Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions release lactic acid, lowering the extracellular pH. This study directly measured the pH of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions for the first time, finding lipid-rich areas had pH as low as 7.0. Regions with more macrophages had lower pH, inversely correlated with temperature, suggesting acidity arose from macrophage metabolism rather than hypoxia. These findings have implications for understanding how acidic pH affects processes like LDL oxidation and proteolysis in atherosclerosis.
1. Genetic syndromes of severe insulin resistance include rare monogenic defects that result in conditions like leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. These are caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene that produce nonfunctional or impaired insulin receptors.
2. Leprechaunism is the most severe form, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, fasting hypoglycemia, and death in the first 1-2 years of life. It results from autosomal recessive mutations that create inactive insulin receptors. Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome is also autosomal recessive but milder, causing growth abnormalities and androgen excess.
This document summarizes a project investigating whether mitochondrial DNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) transcripts are dysregulated in the blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to controls. The student researcher designed primers, conducted quantitative real-time PCR on blood samples from controls and patients, and found several mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS transcripts were significantly more abundant in MCI and AD patients. This suggests peripheral changes in mitochondrial gene expression occur early in AD and could provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and treatment responses.
Similar to Biophysical Aspects of the Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon (20)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Biophysical Aspects of the Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon
1. Biophysical Aspects of the
Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon
Robert M. Davidson M.D. Ph.D. FAIS*
Ann Lauritzen, Stephanie Seneff,
Stephen D. Kette, Glyn Wainwright,
Anthony Samsel, and Sydney J. Bush
*Fellow, The American Institute of Stress
Physician and Medical Researcher, Kilgore, Texas, USA
Email: patrons99@yahoo.com
3rd International Conference on Hematology & Blood Disorders
November 2-4, 2015 Atlanta, Georgia USA
1
2. DEFINITION:
UNIVERSAL NON-SPECIFIC MESENCHYMAL
REACTION (UNMR)
• The UNMR refers to the different causes of an
acceleration of metabolism of connective tissue of blood
vessels as well as that of all organs studied [Hauss et al.
1962].
• Selye (1966) described a local or general intravascular
coagulation that occurs in response to certain toxins or
systemic stress [Selye, Thrombohemorrhagic Phenomena,
1966].
2
3. DEFINITION:
Sanarelli-Shwartzman Phenomenon (SSP), a.k.a.
Generalized Shwartzman Reaction (GSR)
• Activation of the coagulation system is thought to be the primary
event in a clinical syndrome involving disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC), a consumptive coagulopathy of the
microvasculature, which can be localized or generalized, acute,
subacute, or chronic.
• Fibrinolysis, if it occurs, is thought to be a secondary protective
phenomenon [Bang et al. Thrombosis and Bleeding Disorders, 2014]
3
4. The Major “Players" in Our Passion Play
Acid mucopolysaccharides
• Serine proteases
• Aryl sulfatases
• Transition metals
• Inflammatory stress
• Interfacial water stress
4
5. TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE
A prompt response is often required: there’s not much time for de
novo protein synthesis and diffusion of substrates
• In the setting of acute bleeding: to achieve hemostasis and maintain organ
perfusion
• In the setting of critical care medicine: associated with inflammatory stress,
e.g., ARDS, DIC syndrome, severe trauma, acute coronary and
neurovascular syndromes
• In the setting severe infectious disease, e.g. septicemia, Purpura
fulminans, Hemorrhagic Fever viruses (Dengue, Ebola, etc.)
5
6. Purpura Fulminans
“a rare syndrome of intravascular thrombosis and hemorrhagic
infarction of the skin that is rapidly progressive and is
accompanied by vascular collapse and disseminated intravascular
coagulation. It may be classified as (1) neonatal, (2) idiopathic, or
(3) acute infectious.”
The 4 primary features of acute infectious purpura fulminans are
as follows:
• Large purpuric skin lesions
• Fever
• Hypotension
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
SOURCE: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2202749-overview
6
7. THE INITIAL COMMON PATHWAY
Exogenous Interfacial Water Stress (EIWS)
Inflammation
Disease
7
Davidson, Robert M.; Seneff, Stephanie. 2012.
Entropy 14, no. 8: 1399-1442.
Davidson, R.M.; Lauritzen, A.; Seneff, S. 2013.
Entropy 15, 3822-3876.
8. Two Important Characteristics
of Inflammatory States
Low pH: 4.7 - 5.7 Tsai, et al (2014)
• cardiac ischemia
• cancer
• septicemia
• trauma (fractures, hematomas)
High oxidative stress: Khansari et al (2009);
Reuter et al (2010); Kim et al (2013)
8
9. The Redox Potential of Water is
pH Dependent
“The redox potential increases as the pH decreases
(increasing [H+])”. --- Martin Chaplin
9
http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_redox.html
10. Our Proposal for pH Dependent e(aq) Speciation
10
Mizuse, K. and Fujii, A. (2013). Characterization of a Solvent-Separated Ion-Radical Pair in Cationized Water Networks: Infrared
Photodissociation and Ar-Attachment Experiments for Water Cluster Radical Cations (H2O)n+ (n = 3–8). The Journal of Physical
Chemistry A, 117, 929-938.
Larsen, R.E., Glover, W.J. and Schwartz, B.J. (2010). Does the hydrated electron occupy a cavity? Science, 329, 65-69.
11. ATP and PAPS are unstable in the setting
of Inflammation
• pH instability of ATP in low pH range
“…but is rapidly hydrolysed at extreme pH.”
• pH instability of PAPS in low pH range
“…should be made up in pH 8.0 buffer and stored aliquoted at -70o
C.”
• Sulfotransferase (SULT) pH optima are typically neutral pH range
to slightly alkaline
11
12. Need for a Universal Sulfurylation Factor
in Inflamed Tissue
• A prompt response is required for the GSP/SSP,
DIC, Purpura Fulminans
• There is not enough time for de novo protein
synthesis and diffusion of substrates, and/or
• To rescue PAPS and ATP from a "hydrolytic fate“
or a recycling, proofreading “mistake”
12
13. Our Proposal for a Universal Sulfurylation
Factor
• Takebayashi, J., Kaji, H., Ichiyama, K., Makino, K., Gohda, E., Yamamoto, I. and Tai, A. (2007). Inhibition of free radical-induced erythrocyte
hemolysis by 2-O-substituted ascorbic acid derivatives. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 43, 1156-1164.
• Verlangieri, A.J. and Mumma, R.O. (1973). In vivo sulfation of cholesterol by ascorbic acid 2-sulfate. Atherosclerosis, 17, 37-48.
• Cabral, J., Haake, P. and Kessler, K. (1998). Rearrangement of 3-Acyl Derivatives of L-Ascorbic Acid. Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 17, 1321-1329.
WE PROPOSE: 2-O-sulfate L-ascorbate radical plays a central role in the
"universal nonspecific mesenchymal reaction", which has also been referred to as
the Sanarelli-Shwartzman phenomenon.
13
• Chiral
• Paramagnetic
• Quasi-aromatic
14. Need for a Universal Phosphorylation
Factor in Inflamed Tissue
• A great need also exists for an ultimate
phosphorylation factor in inflamed tissue to
(a) rescue ATP from a "hydrolytic fate“, and
(b) rescue DNA/RNA from proofreading
"errors".
14
15. Proposed TBP TS for sulfuryl and phosphoryl
group transfer by Ascorbate derivative radicals
15
16. “Flattening” the Free Energy Landscape
for Biological Group Transfers, generally
• Having proposed chemical biological means by which
the Ascorbate radical can catalyze sulfuryl and
phosphoryl group transfer, under conditions of
inflammatory stress, it soon became apparent that:
• Similar chemical biological means might exist by
which the Ascorbate radical can also catalyze
nitrosyl, acyl, and glycosyl group transfer, under
conditions of inflammatory stress
16
18. A NEW PARADIGM FOR
HYPOTHESIS TESTING:
• Null hypothesis: The Cu1+ Ascorbate radical complex does
NOT directly modulate miRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase III
in human patients with cancer, i.e. under conditions of
inflammatory stress (low pH and high oxidative stress).
• Application: Disproving the null hypothesis would allow us to
assert that the Cu1+ Ascorbate radical complex directly
modulates miRNA synthesis by RNA polymerase III in humans
with cancer, perhaps as a sequela of a proofreading "error" or
a sequela of dysregulating of a mesenchymal stem cell, under
conditions of inflammatory stress.
18
19. Fractones, Defined:
• Fractones have been referred to as stem cell “niches” and they are thought to regulate
cytoskeletal assembly and organize the ECM of the heart, gut, brain, and bone
marrow/RES. They have complex cytoarchitectures consisting of stem cells, progenitor
cells, supporting cells, and laminin-rich basement membranes (Hochman-Mendez et al
2014).
• Frederic Mercier and his associates have studied neural stem cell niches and described
fractones as:
“particulate extracellular matrix structures that I previously characterized in both the
developing and adult brain”. --- F. Mercier (personal statement)
“In the neural stem cell niche of the adult brain, I have demonstrated that fractone-
associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans serve as captors and activators of growth
factors to regulate neural stem cell proliferation.”
Mercier, F., Kitasako, J.T. and Hatton, G.I. (2002). Anatomy of the brain neurogenic zones revisited: fractones and the
fibroblast/macrophage network. J Comp Neurol, 451, 170-188.
19
20. CNS Fractones Need Sulfur
• GAGs and HSPGs need a UNIVERSAL SULFURYLATION
FACTOR, e.g. 2-O-sulfate-L-ascorbate radical might
preempt and supercede PAPS/SULTS
• CNS fractones need BOTH ascorbate and sulfur
• HSPGs have been shown to be low in sulfur at autopsy of
CNS fractones in Autism
Corley et al (2012); Mercier et al (2012); Meyza et al (2012); Pearson et al (2013); Mercier
et al (2011)
20
21. High-dose Intravenous Ascorbate
in Critical Care Medicine
• High Dose Intravenous Ascorbate has become
mainstream
• Evidence now exists to suggest an important role
in both the prevention and management of
critical care disease characterized by endothelial
dysfunction [Oudemans-van Straaten, 2014;
Rodemeister, 2014].
http://www.ccforum.com/content/18/4/460
http://www.ccforum.com/content/18/4/461
21
22. Early Reversal of Endothelial Dysfunction
22SOURCE: Oudemans-van Straaten, H.M., Spoelstra-de Man, A.M. and de Waard, M.C. (2014). Vitamin C revisited. Critical
care (London, England), 18, 460.
23. Conclusion:
Ascorbate radical and putative 2-O-substituted L-
Ascorbate derivative radicals,
(a) catalyze group transfer
reactions, and
(b) modulate redox kinetics.
The catalysis and modulation function for Vitamin C has
supramolecular, epigenetic, biophysically-pleiotropic
implications which apply to all aspects of medicine.
23