This document summarizes key aspects of visual signal processing and visual perception. It discusses how light is detected by photoreceptors in the retina and transmitted via the optic nerve. It describes the neural circuitry and functional organization of the retina, including lateral inhibition and how this contributes to edge detection. It outlines how visual information is projected from the retina to various areas in the visual cortex involved in processing features like orientation, motion, color, depth and face recognition. It also discusses phenomena like color blindness and how context impacts color perception.

1. Visual Signal Processing

4. Visual receptor

5. Retina histology

6. Photoreceptors Rod and Cone

7. Anatomical Distribution of Rods and Cones

8. Phototransduction

9. Phototransduction and electrical conduction

10. Retina Functional organization
1. Retinal cell types
2. Neural Circuitry of
Retina
3. Hyperpolarization
4. Neurotransmitters
5. Electrical synapse
with graded
conduction
6. Lateral inhibition
7. Bipolar cell
depolarization/
hyperpolarization

12. Lateral inhibition mechanism

13. Central Projections of Retinal Ganglion Cells

14. Pupillary reflex

16. Organization of Visual Cortex

17. Extrastriate Visual Areas Macaque Monkey

18. Human Visual Cortex fMRI

23. Simple Cell

24. Complex cell

26. Orientation column of visual cortex

27. Blobs and Ocular dominance Column

31. AIT = anterior inferior temporal area; CIT = central inferior temporal area; LIP = lateral
intraparietal area; Magno = magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus; MST =
medial superior temporal area; MT = middle temporal area; Parvo = parvocellular layers of the
lateral geniculate nucleus; PIT = posterior inferior temporal area; VIP = ventral intraparietal
area.) (Based on Merigan and Maunsell 1993.)

32. Motion in the visual field

35. MT lesions in Monkey and Man with altered Motion Perception

36. Depth of vision

37. Neuronal basis of stereoscopic vision

38. Illusion of Edges: V2 in Monkey

39. Inferior Temporal neuron response to Color & Form

40. Face and Complex Form Recognition ITC

41. Color Vision

43. Cones and Color Vision

44. Surface reflectance

45. Surface reflected from blue vase in sunlight and skylight

46. The reflectance function of a natural surface

47. L+M
L-M
L+M-S

48. Receptive field of Primate Ganglion Cells for Color

49. The Importance of Context in Color Perception

50. Color blindness
Normal Protanope
Deuteranope Tritanope

51. Ishihara Chart for Color blindness testing
21, 2