Equatorial regions cover about 6% of the Earth's surface and have hot, wet climates ideal for tropical rainforests and diverse animal species. Various tribes inhabit these areas, engaging in practices like slash-and-burn farming and hunting-gathering, while some remain uncontacted. Rainforests face significant threats from deforestation due to agriculture, mining, and development.

1. By-Slide_Maker4u
(Abhishek Sharma)

2. Introduction
• Equatorial regions
are located in a band
around the Equator and
cover about 6% of the
Earth's surface. They are
often in lowland
areas and have a climate
that is hot and wet all
year round. Tropical
rainforests grow in the
equatorial regions.

3.  The Sun's rays are very direct in equatorial regions
so the climate is very hot throughout the year,
with temperatures usually above 25oC. The air
is also calm and there are no prevailing winds. A
tropical rainforest gets over 168cm of rainfall
every year and it rains very heavily most
afternoons. The Sun's heat makes lots of water
evaporate from rivers/lakes and causes plants to
transpire (sweat) moisture. Warm, humid air then
rises and cools to form huge storm clouds. This is
called convectional rainfall.

4. Animals
• A diverse range of millions of different animal
species live in the rainforests because there is
plenty of: food, water and warmth for them.
• Arboreal animals that live among the
branches need to be able to move from tree to
tree whilst only small creatures live on the
forest floor because they can move about the
tangled shrubbery more easily than larger
animals.
• Eagles sit on the branches of the tallest trees,
looking for animals below who they can swoop
down on to eat.
• Howler monkeys make lots of noise to tell each
other where they are in the gloomy forest floor.
They are the loudest land animal in the world
and their growls can be heard clearly for 20
miles.
• Tapirs are active at night and they have a long
snout to pull food into their mouth, such as
fallen fruits and nuts.
• Leafcutter ants cut out tiny pieces from leaves
and carry them back to their nest.
• Weevils like to feed on the decaying wood of
fallen tree trunks.
• Parrots have strong, curved bills (beaks) to break
open nuts and seeds from giant trees. They have
multi-coloured feathers to help them stay
camouflaged (hidden) among the colourful
blossoms of the trees.
• Sloths have hook-like claws to help grip the
branches. They move very slowly and sleep hanging
upside down.
• Flying squirrels glide between trees using a flap of
loose skin that connects its front and hind legs.
• Spider monkeys have a powerful tail which they use
to help them swing quickly from branch to branch.
• Tree frogs are light in weight and have discs at the
tips of their fingers and toes to help them grasp
tree leaves.
• Jaguars have a dark, spotted body so that they can
creep up on and ambush prey without being seen.
To kill, they bite directly through the skull between
the ears and into the brain.
• Chameleons can change the colour of their skin to
help them camouflage (hide) from any predators.
They also have long tongues that can flick out and
stretch up to twice their body size to catch insects.

5.  Hundreds of types of hardwood trees grow in
tropical rainforests, like: mahogany, rosewood
and ebony.
 Rainforests are so dense that the trees have to
fight for sunlight. They grow very tall and
spread out their upper branches to catch more
light
 The trees are adapted for living in the hot and
wet climate. They have:
 flared buttress roots to help hold them up;
 waxy leaves to stop fungi growing on them and
reduce transpiration (loss of water) in the heat;
 large, flat leaves to catch as much sunlight as
possible;
 drip tips on their leaves to help drain water
quickly when it rains heavy;
 branchless trunks to grow up quickly and fill
any gaps in the canopy;
 an evergreen appearance as the continuous
growing season allows them to shed their leaves
at any time.
 Coffee, chocolate, banana, avocado and
sugarcane all originally came from plants
growing in tropical rainforests
Plants

7.  People
 Various tribes of people live in the tropical rainforests, such as:
the Pygmies in central Africa, the Lumad peoples in the southern
Philippines and the Amazonia Indians of South America. Whilst
some are keen to trade high value forest products such as:
animal hides, feathers, and honey with agricultural people living
outside the forest, others prefer to remain elusive - it is
believed that there are 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil
and 44 on the island of New Guinea, for example.
 Different tribes of rainforest people live different lifestyles:
 Some are nomads, which means that they move from place to
place. They chop down trees to make small clearings and then
spread the ashes to make the soil fertile for a while before
moving on to a new patch, in a way of farming called slash and
burn.
 Some are hunter-gatherers, which means that they have a
central camp and hunt animals and gather food from around
them in the forest, such as: nuts, fruit and honey.
 Many people who live in rainforests find that using boats on rivers
is the easiest way to travel around.

8.  The Kayapo people are a tribe of about 8,638
indigenous (native) peoples who live in the
Amazon Rainforest. They like to call themselves
Mebengokre, meaning 'the men from the water
place'.The Kayapo tribe live alongside the Xingu
River in several scattered villages ranging in
population from one hundred to one thousand
people. They have small hills scattered around their
land and the area is criss-crossed by river valleys.
Their villages are typically made up of about
dozen huts. A centrally located hut serves as a
meeting place for village men to discuss community
issues.
 Their appearance is highly decorative and
colourful, using: face and body paint, beads and
feathers. The Kayapo believe their ancestors
learnt how to live communally from social
insects such as bees, which is why mothers and
children paint each other's bodies with patterns that
look like animal or insect markings, including those
of bees. Men wear the flamboyant Kayapo
headdress with its outwardly radiating feathers
(representing the universe) at ceremonies to mark
the changing of seasons as well as rites of passage.
The Kayapo Tribe

9.  Huge areas of rainforest are cleared each year:
 drug companies want to use plants to help
them create medicines;
 developers want to build new roads and
settlements;
 mining companies want to extract precious
minerals (such as zinc, iron and diamons) and
fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas) from
the ground;
 logging companies want timber to make paper
and to build furniture with;
 energy companies want to construct dams and
lakes for hydro-electricity power stations;
 farmers want more open land to ranch cattle
and grow crops such as: coffee, cocoa and
rubber on.

10.  "The Kalka-Shimla Railway
 From the Himalayas in the north to the Nilgiris in the south - for
a hundred years these little trains have climbed through the
clouds and into the wonderful world of Indian hill railways.
 Shimla was once the summer capital of the Raj.They built
churches, schools, a town hall and the railway and left behind
their symbols of empire and an ethos of duty, loyalty and
ambition - but they also left a divided subcontinent.
 Characters featured include Maqsood, a refugee and a porter
from Kashmir, and JohnWhitmarsh-Knight, a teacher looking
for a home. Sanjay the station master is hoping for promotion
and his boss Bataljit is waiting for a transfer, but everybody is
waiting for the snow."

11.  Baobab trees have large trunks that can swell
up to store water in.

12. Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on
the topic "EQUITORIAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD". Hope you
like it. If you like it then please, *like*, *Download* and
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By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma)
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