1) Climate refers to long term weather patterns over a large area, while weather describes short term atmospheric conditions. 2) India's climate is influenced by monsoon winds which arrive in June and bring rainfall until September, affecting agriculture and life across the country. 3) Several factors influence India's climate, including latitude, altitude, distance from oceans, winds and ocean currents, and mountain relief. Climate varies significantly from northern to southern India and across different seasons.

1. Presented by- Srishti Singh

2. • Climate refers to the sum total of weather
conditions
and variations over a large area for a long period of
time.
What is weather?
• Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an
area at any point of time.

3. Temperature Atmospheric
Pressure
Wind Humidity
Precipitation

4.  There are six major controls of the climate of any place
1) Latitude – due to the curvature of the earth, the amount
of solar energy received varies according to latitude.
2) Altitude – as one goes from the surface of the earth to
higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes less dense and
temperature decreases.
3) Pressure & wind system : the pressure and wind system
of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the
place. Thus it influences the temperature and rainfall
pattern.

5. 4) Distance from the sea (continentality) : as the
distance from the sea increases, its moderating
influence decreases and the people experience
extreme weather conditions. This condition is
known as continentality.
5) Ocean currents : ocean currents along with
onshore winds affect the climate of the area, for
example, any coastal area with warm or cold
ocean currents flowing past it, will be warmed or
cooled if the winds are onshore.
6) Relief : relief plays a major role in determining
the climate of a place. High mountains act as
barriers for cold or hot winds ; they may also
cause rainfall if they are high enough and lie in
the path of rain bearing winds.

6. Latitude
Altitude
Pressure & Winds

7. India’s climate has characteristics of
tropical as well as subtropical
climates. It is strongly influenced by
monsoon winds, which are affected
by different atmospheric conditions
encountered by it, on its way over
the warm tropical seas.

8.  The monsoon duration is between 100-120
days from early June to mid-September.
 The monsoon arrives at the southern tip of the
Indian peninsula generally by the first week of
June.
 Delhi generally receives the monsoon showers
by the end of June. By the first week of July,
western U.P., Punjab, Haryana and eastern
Rajasthan experience the monsoon.
 By mid-July, the monsoon reaches Himachal
Pradesh and the rest of the country.

9. The Cold Weather Season(Winter)
begins from mid-November in
northern India and stays till February.
December and January are the coldest
months in the northern part of India.
Days are warm and the nights are
cold.
The Hot Weather
Season(Summer)begins from march
and stays till May. In May,
temperature of 45o C is common in
the north –western parts of the
country. A striking feature is loo,
which are strong, gusty, hot, dry
winds blowing during the day.
Advancing Monsoon(Rainy Season)
begins from early June. The
maximum rainfall of this season is
received in the north-eastern part of
the country. Mawsynram receives the
highest average rainfall in the world.
Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases
from east to west. Rajasthan and parts
of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.
Retreating Monsoon( Transition season)
falls between October and November. It is
marked by clear skies and the rise in
temperature. While day temperatures are
high , nights are cool and pleasant. But
land is still moist. The weather is
oppressive during the day. This is
commonly known as October Heat. In the
second half of October, the mercury
begging to fall rapidly in northern India.
Indian
Seasons

10.  The distribution of rainfall is not equal. Parts of
Western Coast and north-eastern India receive
over 400cm of rainfall annually.
 Rainfall is less than 60cm in western Rajasthan
and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and
Punjab.
 Leh in J&K is a low precipitation area.e rest of
the country receives moderate rainfall.

11.  Monsoon acts as a unifying bond. The Indian
landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire
agricultural calendar and the life of the people,
including their festivities, revolve around the
monsoon.
 The monsoon winds bind the whole country by
providing water to set in the agricultural
activities in motion. Hence, people eagerly wait
for the arrival of the monsoon.