Climate refers to the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more. It is influenced by temperature, air pressure, winds, humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. Weather describes the short term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Climate is determined by a chain of elements including temperature, winds, humidity, cloud formation, and different types of precipitation which are influenced by factors like air pressure changes, vertical and horizontal air movement, topography, and proximity to bodies of water and the equator. India's climate is considered a monsoon climate which is marked by a seasonal reversal of wind direction.

1. CH 4
CLIMATE

2. Climate is the most important element of
environment on the earth after formation of
land or solid outer surface of the earth.
1. Elements of climate and weather
a) Temperature( root element)
b) Air pressure
c) Winds
d) Humidity
e) Cloudiness
f) Precipitation/rainfall(fruit element)

3. 2. CLIMATE
It refers to the sum total of weather
conditions over a large area for a longer
period of time.(more than 30 years)
3. WEATHER
It refers to the state of atmosphere over an
area /place at any point of time. It is
temporary picture of atmosphere in terms of
elements of weather.

4.  Chain of elements
make the climate
and weather
conditions.

8.  Air always moves from
high pressure to low
pressure.
 Horizontal movement of
air is known as winds.
 Air also moves vertically.
Vertical movement of air
is known as air current.

9.  Dry air
 No water vapour or
very low water
vapour.
 Poor air humidity in
air.

10.  High amount of
water vapour raises
the humidity level
of air.

11.  Cooling of humid air results into
condensation and formation of clouds.
 Greater the amount of humidity, higher will
be the clouds formation.
 Thickness and intensity of cloud formation
shall lead to precipitation(rainfall).
 Forms of precipitation- rainfall(most common
and important), drizzle, snowfall, sleet, hail
stones.

12.  For rainfall only moisture or humidity is not
enough, the moist air is needed to rise up
and cooling and to condense.
 There are mainly 3 ways to make the moist
air to rise up and hence the three types of
precipitation-
a) Relief/orographic/mountainous precipitation
b) Convectional precipitation
c) Cyclonic/frontal precipitation

13.  Monsoon type of climate
 Monsoon refers to the reversal change in the
wind direction during a year.
 India’s climate is refered as monsoon type of
climate.
 Two main factors to control the climate of
India-
a) Location in relation to equator
b) Location in related to water bodies
c) Relief/ mountain/ himalyas