1. Marikit, Shynne Marie P.
II-15 BEED
Topic: Musculoskeletal System
I. The Human Musculoskeletal System
A. What is Musculoskeletal System?
1. Musculoskeletal is the organ system that gives humans the ability to
move using their muscular and skeletal systems.
2. It provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.
B. Subsystem
2. 1. Skeletal System
a) Bones
(a) Gives the body shape.
(b) Support our bodies.
(c) Babies have more than 300 bones and adults have
206 bones.
b) Types
(1) Long Bones
(i) Includes having a body which
is longer than it is wide.
(ii) Curved for strength.
(2) Short Bones
(i) Roughly cube-shaped and
have approximately equal length
and width
(ii) Providing support and
stability with little movement.
(3) Flat Bones
(i) Thin shape/structure
(ii) Provide considerable
mechanical protection and extensive
surfaces for muscle attachments.
(4) Irregular Bones
(i) Do not fall into any other
category, due to their non-uniform
shape.
(ii) Consist of cancellous bone,
with a thin outer layer of compact
bone.
(5) Sesamoid Bones
(i) Short or irregular bones,
imbedded in a tendon.
(ii) Serves to protect the tendon.
c) Structure
Compact Bone
Very strong, dense and tough
3. Spongy Bone
Like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.
Bone Marrow
Jelly-like bone marrow, where new cells are being
produced for the blood
d) Function
Provide the framework for the body.
Protect the body organs.
Helps the body move in different directions and different
ways
2. Muscular System
a) Muscles
Masses of tough, elastic tissue that pull our bones when
we move.
Necessary for movement
4. Types
Smooth Muscle
Involved in involuntary motion
No striations and has cells that are described as
spindle shaped.
Cardiac Muscle
Makes up the thick, inner layer of the heart.
Enables the heart muscle to pump continuously
and involuntarily without ever resting.
Promotes the circulation necessary to sustain
the entire body.
Skeletal Muscle
Called striated muscle
Comprises the musculoskeletal system, which
connects muscles and bones for voluntary body
movements.
Attached to both ends of a bone by the tendons.
5. 3. Joints, ligaments, Tendons
a) Joints
Two or more bones meet
They allow you to move.
Types
Gliding joints
The ones between the carpals of the wrist,
are found where bones meet as flat surfaces
Allow for the bones to glide past one
another in any direction.
Hinge joints
Such as the elbow and knee, limit
movement in only one direction so that the angle
between bones can increase or decrease at the
joint.
Limited motion at hinge joints provides for
more strength and reinforcement from the bones,
muscles, and ligaments that make up the joint.
Saddle joints
Such as the one between the first
metacarpal and trapezium bone, permit 360
6. degree motion by allowing the bones to pivot along
two axes.
Shoulder and hip joints
Form the only ball and socket joints in the
body.
Have the freest range of motion of any joint
in the body – they are the only joints that can move
in a full circle and rotate around their axis.
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone
Serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
Tendons
Fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone.
Attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball.
Serves to move the bone or structure.
