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1. Skeletal System
Introduction to Human Skeletal System:
Skeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can
be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of
human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different
locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body; no more than a stone.
BONE
What is a bone?
Bone is a dense type of connective tissue impregnated with inorganic salts mainly the salts of calcium...show more content...
Both ends of the bone are covered in hyaline cartilage to help protect the bone and aid shock absorbtion.
Short Bones
Short bones are defined as being approximately as wide as they are long and have a primary function of providing support and stability with little
movement. Examples of short bones are the Carpals and Tarsals – the wrist and foot bones. They consist of only a thin layer of compact, hard bone
with cancellous bone on the inside along with relatively large amounts of bone marrow.
Flat Bones
Flat bones are as they sound, strong, flat plates of bone with the main function of providing protection to the bodies vital organs and being a base for
muscular attachment. The classic example of a flat bone is the Scapula (shoulder blade). The Sternum (breast bone), Cranium (skull), os coxae (hip
bone) Pelvis and Ribs are also classified as flat bones. Anterior and posterior surfaces are formed of compact bone to provide strength for protection
with the centre consisiting of cancellous (spongy) bone and varying amounts of bone marrow. In adults, the highest number of red blood cells are
formed in flat bones.
Irregular Bones
These are bones in the body which do not fall into any other category, due to their non–uniform shape. Good examples of
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2. The Skeletal System Essay
The skeletal system includes the osseous tissues of the body and the connective tissues that stabilize or interconnect the individual bones. The bone is a
dynamic tissue. Throughout the lifespan, bone adjusts to the physiologic and mechanical demands placed on it by the processes of growth and
remodeling. Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by
bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As
an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable
calcium, an...show more content...
The calcium salts of bone represent a valuable mineral reserve that maintains normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids. In
addition, fat cells within marrow cavities store lipids that represent an important energy reserve. The bones of the skeleton function as levers that direct
and modify the forces generated by skeletal muscles. The movements produced range from the delicate motion of a fingertip to powerful changes in the
position of the entire body. Osseous tissue contains specialized cells, cell products, and a fluid matrix. The distinctive solid, stony nature of bone results
from the deposition of calcium salts within the matrix. Crystals of calcium phosphate account for almost two–thirds of the weight of the bone. The
majority of bone mineral occurs in the form of hydroxylated calcium phosphate crystals
(Ca 10 [PO 4 ] 6 [OH]2 ) referred to as hydroxyapatite. The remaining third is dominated by collagen fibers, with osteocytes and proteoglycans
contributing only around 2 percent.
Calcium phosphate crystals are very strong, but inflexible. They can withstand compression, but the crystals are likely to shatter when exposed to
bending, twisting, or sudden impacts. Collagen fibers are extremely tough, but quite flexible. They can easily tolerate stretching, twisting, and bending,
but when compressed they simply bend out of the way. In bone, the collagen fibers
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3. Skeletal System Support Body
The skeletal system works to support your body. Without your skeletal frame, you wouldn't be able to move. The skeletal system protects the body,
supporting it, and aids movement with the help of muscles that are attached to the skeleton (bone). When the muscles are told to contract by the brain,
they cause the skeleton to move. This allows us to move around. Some muscles move involuntarily and movements are called muscle spasms (in the
intestine and the eyelids blinking).
The muscles of the body are attached to the bones and contract to move. A muscle can do one of two things: it can contract, or it can relax. Your brain
sends the impulse to move through your central nervous system and throughout your nerves. Then, the impulses cause
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4. Skeletal System
The human system that consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and joints is the skeletal system. The major functions of this includes
protecting organs, allowing movement, and many others. The skeletal system interacts with many other of the human systems such as the circulatory,
respiratory, muscular, and immune systems. An average person has about 206 bones in his/her body. But a baby has about 300, because not all of the
bones are fused together yet. Now, I'll talk about the major organs of the skeletal system. The first thing that comes to mind when thinking about this
are the bones and joints. Bones are the things that make you able to stand up and they protect your inner organs, joints are the things that connect the
bones...show more content...
Some of them are to protect inner organs and to provide shape and support. Another major function is to store materials, such as fats and minerals.
Also the skeletal system also produces blood cells. The last major function of the skeletal system is that it allows movement ,like in our joints, so we
aren't just stiff as a rock. The skeletal system may only be one body system, but it interacts with the some of other ones too. One that it interacts with is
the muscular system because they both allow movement. It also helps the circulatory system by making and producing blood cells for the rest of the
body. Another system it helps is the immune system by making white blood cells to fight against viruses and bacteria. Those were different systems
that the skeletal system helps with its functions. There are many bone diseases but I will only tell you about two of them, osteoporosis and congenital
radioulnar synostosis. Osteoporosis is when someone's bones get weak and brittle. A treatment can help, but it can not be cured. The reduced mass in
the bones is what makes it weak and brittle. Congenital radioulnar synostosis is when your radius and your ulna are fused together. There are two
types of congenital radioulnar synostosis, type one and type two. In type , there are 2–6 cm of involved fusion between the radius and the ulna bones.
The radius and the ulna are forearm bones. In type 2, there is dislocation of the radial head, and it is farther from the elbow. About 60% of the time it
is present in both
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5. The Skeletal System Essay
Chapter 7
I.Bone Structure
A. Bone Classification
1. 4 Classes – Long, Short, flat and irregular
2. Example of a long bone– forearm and thigh bones.
3. Short Bones are shaped like cubes
4. Ex. Of short bones are in wrists and ankle bones
5. Flat bones are platelike structures
6. Ex of Flat bones are platelike structures
7. Irregular bones vary in size
8. Irregular bones vary in size
9. Examples of irregular bones are those of the vertebra and some...show more content...
b. Unlike compact bone, the bone cells do not aggregate around central canals.
c. Instead the cells lie within the trabeculae
d. Bone cells get canaliculi that lead to the surface of trabeculae
II Bone
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6. Skeletal System
The Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems D1) The skeletal system is separated into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial
skeleton consists of the skull and bones of the trunk, such as the spine. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the bones of the limbs that are
appended to the axial spine. The axial bones have various specific functions. For example, the function of the skull is to protect the brain. The flat
bones that compose the skull also supply attachment for facial muscles. The main purpose of the ribcage is to protect vital organs such as the heart and
lungs, and also to protect the blood vessels. The vertebral column's main function is to support the head and trunk while protecting the spine. (Phillip E.
...show more content...
These bones share one function, and that is movement. The function of the long bones in the legs is also to support body weight.
Aside from the basic mechanical functions that bones serve, they also have a function that is not related to movement or protection. Bones also serve
as a reservoir for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. This aids with situations such as pregnancy when the body needs more calcium, the body
removes it from the bones as needed.
Striated muscle, or skeletal muscles, attach to one bone, extend across an articulation, and attach to another bone. Bones move due to muscles
contracting. The origin of the muscle tends to remain stationary, and the insertion of the muscle is usually the point of movement. For example, when a
knee bends, the popliteus rotates the femur and this creates a flexion of the knee. The quadriceps assists in extending the knee. (Boundless , 2016)
D2) The main function of the nervous system is to control every action, movement, and thought that occurs in the human body. Each component has
specific functions that it carries out. The nervous system is separated into two systems, the central nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous
system
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7. Chapter 5: the Skeletal System Essay
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
I.Introduction. The skeletal system consists of the bones, along with the cartilage and fibrous connective tissue that make up the ligaments that connect
bones to bone at joints.
A.Functions of the Skeleton.
1.The skeleton supports the body.
2.The skeleton protect soft body parts.
The skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs, and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
3.The skeleton produces blood cells. Red bone marrow contains stem cells that produce all of the blood cells.
4.The skeleton stores mineral and fat. All bones have a matrix that contains calcium phosphate that serves as a source of calcium and phosphate ions
for the blood. Fat is stored in the...show more content...
Osteoclasts are bone–absorbing cells that breakdown bone and assist in depositing calcium and phosphate in the blood.
A.Bone Development and Growth. The term ossification refers to the formation of bone. The bones of the skeleton form during embryonic
development in two distinctive ways: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.
1.Intramembranous Ossification. Flat bones, such as the bones of the skull, are examples of intramembranous bones. In intramembranous ossification,
bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue. First, spongy bone forms between the sheets then calcium salts to the outside of the bone
forming compact bone surrounding the spongy bone.
2.Endochondral Ossification. Most bones of the human skeleton are formed by endochondral ossification. During endochondral ossification, bone
replaces a cartilaginous model of the bones. Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) lays down a cartilage model that is shaped like the future bones. As the
cartilage model calcifies the chondrocytes die. Osteoblasts from the periosteum secrete the organic bone matrix that undergoes calcification. The
result is an outer layer of compact bone called a bone collar which covers the diaphysis. Blood vessels bring osteoblasts into a region of the cartilage
called the primary ossification center where they produce spongy bone. The spongy bone of the diaphysis is absorbed by Osteoclasts creating the
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8. Healthy Skeletal System
The three reasons on having and maintaining a healthy skeletal system and the ways I am going to do that. Like exercising, eating healthy, and
Vitamin D. With these ways I can have and live a healthier life for me when I am going to old. The first ways is that I am going to doing weight
baring exercises that make an impact on my bones while I'm doing it, like running and doing basic exercises at home for at least an hour. This will
help the structure of my bones when I get older and will help keep my bones stay healthy by creating micro fractures being filled with calcium when
I do these exercises. This will help me because I don't want to be an elder that has to have help all the time because I am weak or because I can do
something just because
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9. Skeletal System Essay
Overview of the Skeletal System
Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42
–0018–00–01
Purpose
What is the purpose of this exercise? The purpose is to be able to observe bones and identify structures within them
Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.
A safety concern should be taken with using the microscope as well as using the oven. Exercise 1: The Chemical Components of Bone Questions A.
Describe the effect that the lemon juice (acid) had on the chicken leg bone. The chicken leg bone got more bendable and jelly–like because the acid
destroyed the calcium in the bone.
B. Describe the effect that baking (heat) had on the chicken leg...show more content...
From step 4 in the procedures Observe the epiphysis. Identify as many of the following structures as possible: articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy
bone and bone marrow. Make a sketch of the bone in the Lab Report and label the structures you identified.
B. From step 5 in the procedures Observe the section of diaphysis. Identify as many of the following structures as possible: periosteum, compact bone,
endosteum and bone marrow. Make a sketch of the diaphysis in the Lab Report and label the structures you identified.
Questions
A. How does the femur of the skeletal model compare to the diagrams in your textbook or this manual?
B. Using your chicken bone, how does the texture of articular cartilage (or hyaline cartilage) compare to that of periosteum? Note: Articular cartilage
(made of hyaline cartilage) is found on the ends of the bones. It absorbs compression and allows for smooth movement. Articular cartilage is firm but
elastic with a pearly–bluish color, early in life the periosteum is thick and vascular but later on in life it thins out.

10. C. What is the function of spongy bone? Spongy bone contains bone marrow where red blood cells are produced.
D. What makes compact bone
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11. The Skeletal System
1– A function of the Skeletal System that is essential to life is the bones because there are many functions of the bones such as support , protection,
movement, blood formation, detoxification, and mineral storage and balance.
A function of the Muscular System that is essential to life is the Skeletal muscle because there are many functions of the skeletal muscle such as
movement, posture, body heat, respiration, and communication.
2– There are 14 different types of fractures. The type of fracture determines how well it will heal and if there are any long term effects to the patient
by severity of a fracture it depends upon its location and the damage done to the bone and tissue near it. There is an important difference from a closed
fracture
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