The main product of land evaluation investigations is a land classification that indicates the suitability of various kinds of land for specific land uses, usually depicted on maps with accompanying reports

1. Wel Come

2. Vasantrao Naik Marathawada
Agricultural University, Parbhani.
Department of SSAC,
College of Agriculture, Latur.
Seminar On
Evaluation of cotton growing soils of Maharashtra.
Presented By
Mr. Mangesh Keshav Ghode
Reg. No. 2014 A/ 38 ML
Seminar Incharge
Dr. P. H. Vaidya
Asso. Prof. Department of SSAC,
College of Agriculture, Latur.

3. Introduction
 Land evaluation provides information and recommendations
for deciding 'Which crops to grow where' and related questions.
Land evaluation is the selection of suitable land, and suitable
cropping, irrigation and management alternatives that are
physically and financially practicable and economically viable.
The main product of land evaluation investigations is a land
classification that indicates the suitability of various kinds of
land for specific land uses, usually depicted on maps with
accompanying reports.
Some fields are suitable for cultivated crops, others may only
be suitable for forestry or recreation.

4. A assesment of suitability of land
for specified uses the assesment is
made in turn of production,
suitability input need to obtain
that production called land
evaluation
( Sehgal J. )
What do you mean by land evaluation ?

5. Significance of land evaluation
1. Motivate the study of land evaluation, place it in the context
of land use planning, natural resources systems analysis,
and applied research.
2. Present a detailed framework or methodology for
performing physical and economic land evaluations.
3. Present the theoretical basis and practical considerations
underlying the application of the methodology.
4. Present diverse analytical approaches which can be used to
carry out phases of the land evaluation procedure,
including expert judgment, statistical methods, dynamic
simulation of the soil-plant-atmosphere system,spatial
analysis with geographic information systems, and
optimization under constraints.

6. Different methods of land
evaluation
1) Qualitative land
evaluation
I) Land capability classes
II) Land irrigability(Irrigation)
2) Quantitative land
evaluation
I) Suitability rating
II) Land suitability class

7. 1) Qualitative land evaluation
I ) Land capability classes : It is system of classification land
according its capacity for particular land use. There are 8
classes
• Class I - very good for cultivation
• Class II - Good for cultivation
• Class III - Moderately good for cultivation
• Class IV- Fairly good cultivation
• Class V- Land not suitable for farming and suitable for
grazing
• Class Vi - Well suitable for grazing
• Class VII - Fairly well suitable
• Class VIII - Not suitable for grazing

8. S1 Class S1 (Highly suitable)
Land unit with nil. or up to 5 slight
limitation
S2 Class S2 (Moderately suitable)
Land units with more than 5 slight
limitation and / or no more than
two severe limitation
S3 Class S3 (Marginally suitable
Land unit with more than 4
moderate limitation or/ and no
more than two sever limitations.
N1 N1 (Currently not suitable)
Land unit with more than 2 severe
limitation that can be corrected.
N2 N2 (Unsuitable)
Land units having very severe
limitation that cannot be corrected
I) Soil Site Suitability rating

9. II) Land Suitability class :
• FAO ( 1983) : In addition , the suitability classes
was also derived based on the actual yield as
suggested by FAO ( 1983) This was based on the
yield levels for the suitability classes as S1 > 80 %,
S2 40 to 80 %, S3 20 to 40% and N< 20% .
• The yield reduction levels have been decided on the
optimum yield of the crop. The optimum yield was
calculated with the help at data collected from 9
farmer fields with similar management practices
and the average of 3 to 6 commercial varieties grown
in the soils.

10. Why soil evaluation is necessory ?
Land evaluation is method of assessing the potential of land
for alternative uses. Proper identification of soil potential has
been key issues in planning and development in agriculture.
Soil is a medium for plant growth and development that leads
to crop productivity. Soil fertility is direct relation with the
crop yields, provided other factors are in optimum level.
The performance of any crop, is largely depend on soil
parameters such as depth, texture, drainage, etc.
 Land possesses a definite set of capabilities and suitability’s
for growing of different crops and each crops species requires
definite soil and climatic condition for optimum growth.

11.  The suitability of soils and economic viability are the two important aspects, which
can guide the farmers in proper site selection and management of cotton, to bring
down the cost of production.
 Cotton, (Gossypium spp.) Is the most important fiber and cash crop not only of
India but also of the entire world, grown widely in the tropical and sub- tropical
areas. India is the second largest producer of cotton in the world .
In India, there are nine major cotton growing states which fall under three zones
viz. The north zone (Punjab, Haryana And Rajasthan), the central zones
(Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat) and the southern zones(A.P.,
Karnataka and T.N.).
 Cotton is a kharif crop which needs a soil with good water holding capacity and
aeration and good drainage as it cannot withstand excess and waterlogging. The
major group of soil for cotton are the alluvial soils, black soils and red sand loam.
These soils characterized by dark grey to black colour. These soils is also known as
regur and black cotton soil as cotton is the main crop growing on these soils. Black
soils are mainly formed from the Deccan basalt trap rocks.
But, cotton cultivation is closely related to deep black soils (regur). This soil
belonging to the Vertisols order and Vertisols are chemically rich and capable of
sustaining continuous cropping but deficient in micronutrients.

12. OBJECTIVE:
 To know the morphological, physical and chemical
characteristics of cotton growing soils of Maharashtra.
 To know the classification of cotton growing soils of
Maharashtra.
 To evaluate the soil site suitability of cotton growing soils of
Maharashtra for land use planning.

13. Morphological Characteristics of Cotton Growing
Soils of Maharashtra

14. Table No 1. Morphological characteristics of representative pedon of Wardha district.
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
Boundary
Matrix
colour
Texture Structure
Consisten
cy
Pores Roots
Effervesc
ence
Pedon-1 Selsura: Fine, smectitic,(cal), hyperthermic,Typic Haplustepts
Ap 0-17 cs 10YR 3/2 c m2 sbk h, fi, sp f, m f, m --
Bw 17-38 cs 10YR 3/2 c m2 sbk
vh, vfi,
vsvp
f, f f, f --
Pedon-2 Selsura:farmer field: Fine, smectitic,(Cal), hyperthemic, Typic Haplusterts
Ap 0-18 cs 10YR 3/2 c m1 sbk h, fi, sp f m, f, c es
Bw 18-41 cs 10YR 3/1 c m2sbk
vh, vf, vs
vp
f, m vf, f es
Bss1 41-71 cs 10YR 3/1 c m3 abk
vh, vf,
vsvp
f, c es
Bss2 71-110 ai 2.5YR 3/1 c m3 abk
vh,--, vs,
vp
f c ev
Bss3 110-135 - 2.5YR 3/1 c - h -vsvp f f - ev
Wardha district Agarkar et al., 2005

15. Table No 2. Morphological characteristics of representative pedon of Marathwada region
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
Boundary
Matrix
colour
Structure Consistency Effervescence
Pedon-1, Chandaj (Parbhani) (VERTISOLS)
Ap 0-13 cs 10YR 3/2 m2sbk Sh, fr sp e-es
Bw1 13-28 gs 10YR 3/2.5 m2 sbk sh, fr , sp e
Bw2 28-45 gs 10YR3/2.5 m2sbk fr, sp e
Bss1 45-75 gs 10YR 3/3 m2sbk-abk
fr, sp
e
Bss2 75-108 as 10YR 3/3 m2abk fr, sp e
Pedon-2Khasgaon(Osmanabad) (VERTISOLS)
Ap 0-14 cs 10YR 3/1.5 m2 abk fr,sp es
Bw1 14-30 cs 10YR 3/2 m2sbk fr,sp es
Bw2 30-53 cs 10YR 3/2 m2sbk fr,sp es
Bss1 53-77 10YR 3/2 m2sbk fr,sp es
Bss2 77-102 10YR3/3 fr,sp es-ev
Marathwada region Zade and Pal,2007

16. Table No 3. Morphological characteristics of representative pedon of Tungi watershed in
Latur
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
Boundary
Matrix
colour
Texture Structure
Consisten
cy
Pores Roots
Effervesc
ence
Haregaon-Vertisols
Ap 0-18 cs 10YR 3/1 sic m1 sbk Sh, vsvp sh Vf, cf, e
Bw1 18-42 cs 10YR 2.5/1 sic m2 sbk h, vsvp vf, mff vf, mf, cf e
Bss1 42-66 CS 10YR2.5/1 sic m3abk h, vsvp Vf,mff Fm. cf e
Bss2 66-90 cs 10YR 2.5/1 sic m3abk
h, vsvp
Vf,mff Fm, cf e
Bss3 90-150 cs 10YR 2.5/1 sic - h, vsvp Vf,mff fm, cf e
Masalga-Inceptisols
Ap 0-18 cs 10YR 3/3 sic m1 abk sh,vs, vp, Vfm, fm Vf, mf, cf ev
Bw1 18-39 cs 10YR 3/2 sic m2sbk h -vsvp Vfm, fm Vf, mf, cf ev
Ac 39-50 cs 10YR4/5 Si,c,l m1gr S, nsnp cm cf ev
M 50-75 10YR5/4 s gr S, nsnp cm cf ev
Bhorpal-Entisols
A 0-21 cs 10YR3/2 C m1sbk S,fr,ss,sp Vff,mf,m Vfm, fm ev
Tungi watershed,Latur Sayambar and Vaidya, 2014

17. Table No 4. Morphological characteristics of representative pedon of micro watershed in
Vidarbha region of Maharashtra
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
Boundary
Matrix
colour
Texture Structure
Consistenc
y
Roots
Effervesce
nce
(Vertisols ) Belura watershed, Dist. Akola
Ap1 0-18 cs 10YR 3/2 c m2 sbk Sh,fr,sp f,c e
Ap2 18-33 cs 10YR 3/2 c m2 sbk h, fi, sp f,c e
AB 33-55 gs 10YR 3/2 c m2sbk h,fi,sp f,c e
Bss1 55-80 gw 10YR 3/2 c m2abk
h, fi,vsvp
Vf, f e
Bss2 80-130 10YR 3/1 c m2abk h, , vsvp Vf, f ev
(Inceptisols) Belura watershed, Dist. Akola
Ap 0-20 cs 10YR 3/3 c m2abk Sh,fr, sssp f, f ev
Bw 20-34 cs 10YR 3/2 c m2sbk Sh,fr, sssp Vf,mf,cf es
(Entisols ) Belura watershed, Dist. Akola
Ap 0-15 cs 10YR3/2 scl m1sbk Sh,fr,ss,sp f, f ev
Belura watershed,Akola Gabhane et al.,2006

18. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON
GROWING SOILS OF MAHARASHTRA

19. Table No 5. Physical characteristics of representative pedon of watershed in Vidarbha
region
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
Particle size analysis
(%)
Moisture retention
(%) AWC (%)
Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500 kPa
Kondhali: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic(cal.)Typic Haplusterts
Ap 0-16 8.1 34.6 57.3 39.8 25.7 14.1
Bw 16-56 6.1 33.1 60.8 45.7 29.0 16.7
Bss1 56-90 8.2 34.0 57.8 42.9 26.2 16.7
Bss2 90-121 13.5 35.9 50.63 42.2 25.3 16.9
Bss3 121-150 14.0 38.0 48.0 38.8 24.0 14.8
Taroda: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic(cal.) Typic Haplustepts
Ap 0-12 18.2 30.2 51.6 38.1 20.6 17.5
Bw 12-31 15.2 30.2 54.6 35.2 20.8 14.4
Jamgarh: Clayey, smectitic, hyperthermic Typic Ustorthent
A 0-13 39.0 27.0 34.0 26.7 19.1 7.6
Ac 13-24 31.1 19.7 49.2 34.9 26.1 8.8
Watershed , Vidarbha region Bante et al.

20. Table No 6. Physical characteristics of representative pedon of Saraswati watershed,
Buldhana district
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
BD
(Mg m-3)
Particle size analysis
(%)
Moisture retention
(%) AWC (%)
Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500 kPa
Wadgaon: Very fine,smectitic, hyperthermic (calcareous)Typic Haplusterts (VERTISOLS)
Ap1 0-21 1.74 1.2 27.7 71.1 42.1 29.3 12.9
Ap2 21-50 1.83 1.5 30.9 67.6 42.7 29.9 12.8
AB 50-84 2.01 1.4 25.1 73.5 43.5 29.5 14.0
Bss1 84-120 1.80 1.5 25.4 73.1 43.0 29.0 14.0
Bss2 120-150 1.88 2.6 23.9 73.3 43.3 28.8 14.5
Lonar:Clayey, smectitic, hyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts (INCEPTISOLS)
AP 0 -16 1.70 0.2 36.53 63.27 37.9 28.4 9.5
BW1 16-35 1.82 0.39 40.98 58.63 42.1 29.9 12.2
Saraswati:Loamy, mixed,hyperthermic (calcareous) Lithic Ustorthents (ENTISOLS)
AP 0-20 1.45 6.08 51.00 42.92 19.2 11.4 7.8
Buldhana district Nagaraju et al.2013

21. Table No 7. Physical characteristics of representative pedon of tandulwani watershed in
Nagpur district
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
BD
(Mg m-3)
Particle size analysis
(%)
Moisture retention
(%) AWC (%)
Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500 kPa
Tw-7: Very fine,smectitic(cal.) hyperthermic Typic Haplusterts (VERTISOLS)
Ap 0-12 1.6 7.1 29.9 62.9 5.2 33.2 17.0
Bw1 12-30 1.7 5.9 28.8 65.3 47.6 33.4 14.2
Bw2 30-53 1.6 5.5 23.7 70.8 51.9 36.3 15.6
Bssk 53-80 1.5 9.3 22.8 67.8 49.4 35.6 13.8
Bck1 80-100 1.6 22.4 27.9 49.6 42.5 29.6 12.9
Tw-6:Fine,smectitic(cal.)hyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts (INCEPTISOLS)
Ap 0-11 1.6 7.3 31.8 60.9 48.9 34.6 14.3
Bw 11-29 1.7 8.5 35.3 56.2 48.4 35.1 13.3
Bv 29-50 1.7 16.3 22.8 60.9 50.3 34.2 16.1
Bk 50-100 1.6 15.6 24.1 60.3 46.9 33.5 13.4
Tw-5:Loamy,smectitic,hyprthermic, Lithic Ustorthent (ENTISOLS)
Ap 0-9 1.45 46.8 30.7 22.6 1.4 26.4 10.8
Tandulwani watershed, Nagpur district Nagaraju et al.2015

22. Table No 8. Physical characteristics of representative pedon of Marathwada region
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
BD
(Mg m-3)
Particle size analysis
(%)
Sand Silt Clay
Pedon-1, Chandaj (Parbhani)
Ap 0-13 1.3 1.5 34.6 63.9
Bw1 13-28 1.3 1.5 30.0 68.6
Bw2 28-45 1.4 1.1 29.4 69.6
Bss1 45-75 1.3 0.9 29.6 69.6
Bss2 75-108 1.3 0.8 29.1 70.1
Pedon-2Khasgaon(Osmanabad)
Ap 0-14 1.3 6.8 34.5 58.7
Bw1 14-30 1.3 7.5 34.5 58.0
Bw2 30-53 1.3 6.7 31.3 62.0
Bss1 53-77 1.3 6.4 30.8 62.8
Bss2 77-102 1.3 5.8 34.1 60.1
Marathwada region Zade and Pal, 2005

23. Table No 9. Physical characteristics of representative pedon of Tungi watershed Latur
district
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
BD
(Mg m-3)
Particle size analysis
(%)
Moisture retention
(%) AWC (%)
Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500 kPa
Haregaon-Vertisols
Ap 0-18 1.70 8.70 29.30 62.00 36.7 19.6 17.1
Bw1 18-42 1.73 8.60 26.62 64.78 43.1 28.4 14.7
Bss1 42-66 1.77 9.03 44.05 64.98 43.9 22.7 21.2
Bss2 66-90 1.80 8.90 22.80 68.30 45.7 28.3 17.4
Bss3 90-150 1.70 7.50 21.50 71.00 46.7 23.4 23.3
Masalga-Inceptisols
Ap 0-18 1.45 4.14 48.96 46.90 46.2 25.2 21.0
Bw1 18-39 1.49 4.05 48.91 47.04 47.7 20.8 22.3
Ac 39-50 1.55 38.60 22.90 38.50 20.6 15.3 11.5
M 50-75 1.40 48.75 13.25 38.00 20.6 9.2 11.4
Bhorpal-Entisols
A 0-21 1.60 20.96 48.87 30.17 24.6 11.9 12.7
Ac 21-40 1.30 31.33 45.78 22.89 18.4 10.3 8.1
Buldhana district Nagaraju et al.

24. Chemical properties of cotton growing soils of
Maharashtra

25. Table No 10. Chemical characteristics of Representative pedon of Taroda watershed
in Vidarbha region
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
pH
EC
(dSm-1)
OC
(%)
CaCO3
(%)
CEC
(cmol(P+)kg-
1)
Base
saturation
(%)
Kondhali- – fine, smectitic, hyperthermic (calcareous) typic haplusterts .
AP 0-16 7.9 0.18 0.48 3.5 60.5 95.0
BW 16-56 7.9 0.15 1.34 6.7 60.4 100.7
Bss1 56-90 8.1 0.14 0.26 12.1 60.7 91.5
Bss2 90-121 8.2 0.15 0.26 12.5 59.8 92.6
Bss3 121-150 8.3 0.16 0.30 9.3 59.7 93.6
Taroda series : fine, smectitic, hyperthermic( calcareous) typic Haplustepts
AP 0-12 8.0 0.24 0.50 5.2 60.4 98.7
BW 12-31 8.2 0.16 0.43 10.1 60.5 108.6
Jamgarh; sereies Clayey,smectite,hyperthermic typic ustorthents
A 0-13 6.7 0.16 0.55 -- 44.2 85.2
AC 13-24 6.9 0.11 0.45 -- 42.8 96.1
Bante et al. 2012Taroda watershed, Vidarbha region

26. Table No 11. Chemical characteristics of representative pedon of Marathwada region of
Maharashtra
Horizons
Depth
(cm)
pH
EC
(dSm-1)
OC
(%)
CaCO3
(%)
CEC
(cmol(P+)kg
-1)
Vaijapur P1
AP 0-15 7.8 0.739 5.26 7.8 56.1
A 15-28 7.8 0.780 2.80 13.5 53.2
Aurangabad P9
AP 0-13 8.1 0.255 5.46 4.5 51.8
A 13-25 8.1 0.289 3.70 3.8 55.6
BW 25-45 8.2 0.370 2.34 9.2 49.3
Hadgaon P15
AP 0-15 8.4 0.635 6.24 7.5 45.5
A 15-40 8.7 0.4440 5.07 14.1 47.3
BW 40-65 8.4 0.591 3.51 7.8 66.2
Bssk 65-105 8.5 0.600 1.95 18.9 38.2
Malode and Patil,2014Marathwada region

27. Table No 12. Chemical characteristics of representative pedon of Saraswati watershed
in Buldhana district.
Horizo
ns
Depth
(cm)
pH
EC
(dSm-1)
OC
(%)
CaCO3
(%)
CEC
(cmol(
P+)kg-
1)
Cations (cmol(P+)kg-1)
Base
saturat
ion
(%)
Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+
Sum of
Cation
s
(cmol(
P+)kg-
1)
Chandaj (parbhani)
AP 0-13 8.2 0.14 0.9 6.7 61.8 52.3 10.9 0.5 1.9 65.6 106.1
BW1 13-28 8.3 0.09 0.8 6.3 59.1 55.9 9.7 0.3 1.3 67.3 113.9
BW2 28-45 8.3 0.10 0.8 6.5 57.5 54.9 10.6 0.3 1.1 67.0 116.6
Bss1 45-75 8.2 0.11 0.8 6.8 50.6 54.2 12.1 0.3 1.0 67.7 133.7
Bss2 75-108 8.3 0.13 0.7 6.7 56.8 51.9 14.1 0.4 1.2 67.6 119.1
Taroda series : fine, smectitic, hyperthermic( calcareous) typic Haplustepts
AP 0-14 8.4 0.14 1.0 8.6 64.5 37.8 18.9 1.9 0.6 59.2 90.6
BW1 14-30 8.4 0.15 0.9 9.8 70.8 37.7 20.8 2.8 0.7 62.1 87.7
BW2 30-53 8.3 0.24 0.8 10.1 64.7 42.0 15.8 3.6 0.4 62.0 95.9
Bss1 53-77 8.2 0.40 0.8 9.9 64.7 40.8 13.9 4.3 0.6 59.6 92.3
Bss2 77-102 8.6 0.40 0.7 11.4 59.3 37.8 16.4 4.5 0.5 59.2 99.8
Bss3 102-150 8.9 0.36 0.7 15.5 56.7 31.1 20.3 3.3 0.9 55.6 98.0
Nagaraju et al. 2013Buldhana district

28. Table No 3. Chemical characteristics of representative pedon of Tungi watershed in Latur.
Horizo
ns
Depth
(cm)
pH
EC
(dSm-1)
OC
(%)
CaCO3
(%)
CEC
(cmol(P
+)kg-1)
Cations (cmol(P+)kg-1)
Base
saturati
on (%)
Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+
Sum of
Cations
(cmol(P
+)kg-1)
Haregaon-Vertisols
Ap 0-18 8.37 0.17 0.78 8.8 59.52 43.2 11.2 1.92 0.98 57.30 96.27
Bw1 18-42 8.50 0.12 0.46 11.4 63.52 37.6 18.0 3.24 0.73 59.57 93.78
Bss1 42-66 8.30 0.21 0.54 9.8 59.52 36.0 18.4 2.44 0.73 57.57 96.72
Bss2 66-90 7.00 0.19 0.31 6.7 62.74 35.0 20.8 2.97 0.70 59.47 94.78
Bss3 90-150 7.00 0.22 0.29 6.6 61.71 34.7 21.3 3.00 0.63 59.63 95.76
Masalga-Inceptisols
Ap 0-18 7.90 0.16 0.12 9.3 50.20 44.8 9.6 2.05 0.49 56.94 113.42
Bw1 18-39 7.90 0.13 0.45 8.3 47.30 41.6 6.8 2.17 0.34 44.79 94.69
Ac 39-50 8.16 0.19 0.39 13.7 36.62 24.8 6.4 1.56 0.24 33.00 90.11
M 50-75 8.00 0.13 0.28 14.5 36.70 22.4 9.2 1.26 0.31 33.17 90.38
Bhorpal-Entisols
Ap 0-21 8.07 0.18 0.42 19.6 33.51 18.0 8.8 2.19 1.09 30.08 89.79
Tungi watershed, Latur Sayambar and Vaidya,2014

29. CLASSIFICATION OF COTTON GROWING SOILS OF
MAHARASHTRA

30. Classification of representative pedons of Wardha
district
Pedo
n
Order Sub
order
Great
group
Sub group Family
Pedon-1 Selsura: Fine, smectitic,(cal), hyperthermic,Typic Haplustepts
P1 Inceptisols Ustepts Haplustept
s
Typic
Haplustepts
Clayey,
smectitic,
hyperthemic
Pedon-2 Selsura:farmer field: Fine, smectitic,(Cal), hyperthemic, Typic
Haplusterts
P2 Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic
Haplusterts
Fine,smectitic,
hyperthemic
Wardha Agarkar et al.2005

31. Soil classification of representative pedon of Saraswati watershed in Buldhana
district.
Pedo
n
Order Sub
order
Great
group
Sub group Family
Saraswati:Loamy, mixed,hyperthermic (calcareous) Lithic Ustorthents
(ENTISOLS)
P1 Entisols Ustorthen
t
Typic Ustorthent Fine, Typic
Ustorthent
Taroda: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic(cal.) Typic Haplustepts
P2 Inceptis
ols
Ustepts Haplustep
ts
Typic Haplustepts Very fine,Typic
Haplustepts
Kondhali: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic(cal.)Typic Haplusterts
P3 Vertisols Usterts Haplustert
s
Typic Haplustepts Very fine, typic
Haplusterts
Buldhana Nagaraju et al.,2013

32. SOIL SITE SUITABILITY FOR COTTON IN
MAHARASHTRA

33. Table No 4. Degree and kind of major constraints, suitability and yield of Cotton of
Tandulwani, Nagpur district
Pedon
Contents
LG
P
Slope
Dept
h
Coarse
Fragme
nt
Textu
re
HC
(Dra
inag
e)
PAWC
CaC
O3
ESP
EC
dSm-1
pH
Suitabilit
y Class
Pedon 1 _ * **** ** ** -- -- _ _ -- S3
Pedon 2 _ _ ** * ** * * _ _ -- S2
Pedon 3 _ -- -- * ** * *** _ _ -- N1
Limitation-No; * Slight;/**Moderate; ***Severe; **** Very severe
Optimum Yield: 25 qha-1
Tandulwani watershed, Nagpur Deshmukh et al.,2012.

34. Soil site characteristics representative pedon of Hingna tahsil,
Nagpur district
Pedon Profile Slope(%) Erosion Runoff Drainage Surface
stoniness(
%)
Mohgaon-1 Entisols 1-3 Moderate Medium Well 3-15
Mohgaon-2 Entisols 3-8 Moderate Medium Some what
excessive
15-40
Mohgaon-3 Entisols 30-50 Very sevsre Very rapid Excessive 15-40
Mohgaon-4 Entisols 30-50 Severe Rapid Excessive 15-40
Mohgaon-5 Entisols 1-3 Moderate Medium Well 15-40
Mohgaon-6 Entisols 8-15 Severe Rapid Some what
excessive
40-75
Mohgaon-7 Incetisols 1-3 Moderate Medium Mod. well <3
Mohgaon-8 Vertisols 1-3 Moderate Medium Mod. well <3
Mohgaon-9 Incetisols 0-1 Slight Medium Mod. well 3-15
Mohgaon-
10
Incetisols 1-3 Slight Medium Mod. well 3-15
Mohgaon, Hingani tahsil Reddy et al.2004

35. Soil site suitability of representative pedon of Hingna
Tahsil, Nagpur district
Pedon Suitability for cotton(Sys et al.,1993)
Entisols (Mohgaon-3) Not suitable
Inceptisols(Mohgaon-9) Moderately suitable
Vertisols(Mohgaon-8) Highly suitable

36. Soil site suitability for cotton of Belura watershed in Nagpur district
Pedon Taxonomy Major limitations Suitability for
cotton(NBSS&
LUP(1984)&Sys(1985)
P1 Very fine, Typic Haplusterts Erosion S2
P2 Fine, Typic Ustorthents Shallow depth, erosion N1
P3 Very fine, Typic Haplustepts Shallow depth, erosion S3
P4 Very fine, Vertic Haplustepts Erosion S2
P5 Fine, Typic Ustorthents Shallow depth, erosion N1
P6 Fine, Typic Ustorthents Shallow depth, erosion N1
P7 Very fine, Vertic Haplustepts Erosion S2
P8 Very fine, Typic Haplusterts Erosion S2
P9 Very fine, Vertic Haplustepts Erosion S2
P10 Very fine, Typic Haplustepts Shallow depth, erosion S3
P11 Very fine, Typic Haplustepts Shallow depth, erosion S3
P12 Very fine, Vertic Haplustepts S2
P13 Fine, Typic Ustorthents Shallow depth, erosion N1
P14 Fine, Typic Ustorthents Shallow depth, erosion N1
Belura watershed, Akola Gabhane et al.,2006

37. Soil site suitability for cotton of representative pedon of Tandulwani watershed in
Nagpur
Pedon Suitability class (Acc. Sys et al.,
1993)
Limitation
ENTISOLS Not suitable Soil depth
INCEPTISOL
S
Moderately to marginally suitable Soil texture and depth
VERTISOLS Moderately to marginally suitable CaCO3
Nagpur Deshmukh et al.,2012

38. Soil Site suitability for cotton of representative pedon of Taroda watershed in Vidarbha region
Pedon Suitability for cotton(Sys
et al.,1993)
Degree of Limitation
Entisols (Jamgarh) Not suitable Depth, slope and erosion
Inceptisols(Taroda) Marginally suitable Depth and coarse Fragment
Vertisols(Kondhali) Highly suitable ---------
Taroda watershed, Vidarbha region Bante et al.,2012

39. CONCLUSIONS:
1. The cotton growing soils of Maharshtara soils were medium to very deep, dark
greyish brown (10YR2.5/1) to very dark brown (10YR 5/6) in colour, surface
was weak and sub-surface was sub-angular to angular blocky in structure.
2. Soils were clay in texture (37.8 to 73.5 %). The bulk density of these soils varies
from 1.27 to 1.78 Mg m-3, PAWC varies from 57.60 to 377.48 mm and saturated
hydraulic conductivity varies from 4.12 to 19.4 cm hr-1.
3. The soils are moderately to strongly alkaline in nature (7.25 to 8.53) the
electrical conductivity less than 1dSm-1. Low to moderate in organic carbon
(0.24 to 0.76) whereas low to high calcium carbonate content (0.5 to 14.5%) and
high in cation exchange capacity (26.24 to 70.8cmol (P+) kg-1). The calcium was
the dominant cation fallowed by magnesium, sodium and potassium. The base
saturation percent is >90 percent.

40. 4.Taxonomically these soils are classified as Typic Ustorthents, Typic Haplustepts and
Typic Haplusterts.
5.The yield of Cotton varied from 8.0 to 13. Kg ha-1. The maximum yield of cotton (8.5
to 14.5 Kgha-1) was recorded at Typic Haplusterts followed by Typic Haplustepts and
Typic Ustorthents.
6.The major limitation of Cotton growing soils of Maharashtra are Slope, Erosion,
Clay content , Soil Depth,CaCO3, etc .
7.The soil site suitability as per Sys et.al (1993) and FAO (1983) indicated that the
Typic Haplusterts soils are highly suitable (S1) for Cotton whereas Typic Haplustepts
soils are moderately suitable (S2) and Typic Ustorthent soils are Marginal suitable (S3)
to Currently not Suitable for Cotton.

41. THANKING YOU