chemistry and management of waterlogged soils.

1. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
‘’Water logged soils, chemistry & their management’’
Rural Agricultural Work Experience
SSC-411(0+4)
Presented by:-
Kumar Harsh
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2. ՙ No grain is ever produced without water, but
too much water tends to spoil the grain and
inundation is as injurious to growth as
dearth of water ՚
- Narada Smriti
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4. Contents
Water logged soils
Classes
Distribution
Properties
Impact on agriculture
Management
Conclusion
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5. Waterlogged Soil
Waterlogged soils are soils that are saturated with water for a sufficiently
long time ‘annually’ to give the soil the distinctive gley horizons resulting
from oxidation-reduction processes:
(a) a partially oxidized A horizon high in organic matter,
(b) a mottled zone in which oxidation and reduction alternate, and
(c) a permanently reduced zone which is bluish green.
-Robinson (1949)01-09-2018
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7. Types of waterlogged soils
Riverine flood
Oceanic flood
Seasonal
Perennial
Sub-soil waterlogging
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8. Factors affecting formation of waterlogged soil
1. Climatological : Rainfall and Flood water
2. Irrigation : Uncontrolled, Unwanted
3. Drainage : Poor drainage
4. Topography : Depressed land
5. Land shape : Saucer shaped land become waterlogged
6. Height of ground water table: Higher ground water table 01-09-2018
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9. Characteristics of waterlogged soils
 Greater amount of soil solution
 Reduced oxygen level
 Reduced aerobic microbial activity
 An altered chemical status of soil
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10. Distribution of waterlogged soil
 Submerged soils covers 5% to 7% of earth land surface.
 The total global waterlogged soil is approx. 700 to 1000 Mha.
 North America and Russia (34% of total area),
 Tropical swamps, (14%)
 Tropical flood plains (10%);
 Temperate and tropical rice fields (4% & 12%).
Guy Kirk (2004)
Distribution of waterlogged soil
USDA
INDIA
WATERLOGGED SOIL
MAJOR
WATERLOGGED SOIL
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11. Properties of waterlogged soil
Waterlogged soil
Physical
a) Oxygen depletion
b) Co2 accumulation
Electro-chemical
a) Soil pH
b) dec. Eh
Biological
a) Reduced aerobic
microbial activity
b) Mineralization
c)Immobilization
Chemical
a) Soil reduction
b) Micronutrient
toxicity
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27. Management of waterlogged soil
1. Levelling of land
2. Mechanical drainage
3. Controlled irrigation
4. Flood control measures
5. Plantation of trees having high transpiration rate
6. Check the seepage in the canals and irrigation channels
7. Selection of crops and their proper varieties
8. Sowing on bunds or ridges
9. Nutrient management
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28. 1.
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31. 2.
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32. E.g., Eucalyptus spp. , Syzygium spp. ,
Terminalia arjuna
3.
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34. 4.Sub-surface Drainage
 Mostly practiced in
areas with high water
table.
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38. Conclusion
1. Waterlogging effects physical, chemical, electro-chemical & biological properties
of soil such as; Eh( ), neutralization of soil pH, N P K deficiency and
micronutrient toxicity.
2. Waterlogging can be efficiently control by forming different land configuration,
mechanical as well as bio-drainage, controlling irrigation and different flood
control measures.
3. Study of interactions of microbes and different soil constituents in waterlogged
soil provides a better understanding and further management techniques.
4. New methods should be innovated to control the ground water recharge from
different water sources.
5. INM, and improved package of cultivation practices reduces the loss.
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