Objectives Of The Methodist Movement
Objectives –
 To examine and discuss the reasons Methodism was appealing especially to the lower class;
 To examine how Wesley's life shaped the Methodist movement
Open with Prayer
Read: Jn.12:32, 2 Pet. 3:9, Ezek.18:23
Lecture: The Methodist Movement
Key Issues covered: Wesley's early life and education, Wesley's influences, the Holy club,
Moravians, Methodist societies,
Questions for Discussion: How was this movement different from others? Why was Wesley troubled
by his salvation? Was Methodism appealing or not? Was Wesley reluctant to leave the Anglican
Church? How did the Methodist become a denomination?
Hymn: "Christ the Lord is Risen Today" 3 min.
Close with Prayer: For the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How effective were Lay Preachers in America?
Hymn: "Christ the Lord is Risen Today" 3 min.
Close with Prayer: For the Pursuit of Holiness 10 min.
Session #10– Study Plan
Wesley's Contributions to the Church: Pietism, Evangelism, Circuit System
 Pietism: (Personal Devotions and religious experience) o The "Holiness Club":
 Emphasis on the pursuit of holiness (godliness)
 Daily devotions (private and public)
 Scriptural studies, prayers and worship
 Outreach and evangelism
Modern model of the Holy Club: Small Groups, Prayer Meetings and Lesson Studies
Small/Community Groups:(meets weekly)
 Bible study as a group

 Fellowship
 Community service Prayer Meetings:
 Usually ones a week/every other week
 Prayers as a group for each other and the world Lesson Studies:
 Bible Studies as a group (Systematic Theology study
 Studying a Christian book
 Evangelism: Arminianism influence, Lay Preachers, and the Lower Classes o Lay Preachers:
Functions, Francis Asbury

... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Nature And The Realization Of Conversion Essay
These two major pieces, the nature and the realization of conversion are reflected in what we
believe, our theology. So Luther further reminds us "Conversion changes man so that he can accept
grace." (Tappert, 1959:537.83) But not just any old kind of grace, but the grace of God! Luther put
forth a very Lutheran theological understanding of conversion, in which we are "saved by grace
through faith," which is a gift to us (humankind) from God. But God does all the acting; we are just
merely beneficiaries of God's grace and mercy.
"For the conversion of our corrupt will, which is nothing else than a resuscitation of it from spiritual
death, is only and solely the work of God (just as also the resuscitation in the resurrection of the
body must be ascribed to God alone), as has been fully set forth above and proved by manifest
testimonies of Holy Scripture." (Tappert, 1959:537:87)
Tappert goes on to confirm,
"how God in conversion changes stubborn and unwilling into willing men through the drawing of
the Holy Ghost, and that after such conversion, in the daily exercise of repentance, the regenerate
will of man is not idle, but also cooperates in all the works of the Holy Ghost, which He does
through us, has already been sufficiently explained above." Tappert, 1959:537.88)
So also
"Again, when Luther says that man behaves in a purely passive way in his conversation (that is, that
man does not do anything toward it and that man only suffers that which God, works in

Immanuel Kant Biography
Immanuel Kant was born Emmanuel in eastern Prussia into a poor family in 1724. His family had
originally emigrated from Scotland where they spelled their last name Cant. Emmanuel's family was
quite large by today's standards consisting of nine children, he was the fourth born and only one of
four to make it to adulthood. He and his siblings grew up in a Pietist house, the focus of Pietism was
the literal study of the bible. Their childhood was a strict and punitive one that stressed religious
teachings over the sciences and mathematics. After learning Hebrew, Emmanuel changed his name
to Immanuel. While attending the Collegium Fridericianum was a good student, Immanuel
improved his studies and eventually enrolled at the University of Kongsberg by age 16 in 1740. It is
there that he taught about the great philosophers Leibniz and Wolff by a rationalist Martin Knutzen.
It is also here where Kant was exposed to the mathematical physics of Sir Isaac Newton. In 1746
Kant's father died, he left the university to become a private tutor. Kant would eventually rejoin the
university and spend the majority of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hume', writings were the catalyst that allowed Kant to see things in a different light and inspiring
him to write his "Critique of Pure Reason" in 1781, which has become known as the First Critique.
In this book, Kant laid out the limits and scope of pure reason. This is where Kant explained the
major differences with priori and posteriori knowledge. He also went on to define analytic and
synthetic judgements. This book was very hard to read due to it using complex, confusing
terminology and being a very dry topic. Kant tried to clear up confusion from his first book by
writing a second shorter one titled "Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics" (1783), this one was
easier to read and set the path for his view on metaphysics and

What is Pietism? Essay
Pietism arose in the mid sixteen hundred. They tried to complete the Reformation as appose to
renouncing it. Two men who significantly contributed to Pietism was, Johann Arndt who believed
Christians and especially pastors should live a Godly life style as it says in Colossians 3. The other
person who shaped Pietism was, Justinian von Welz who requested the gospel be shared amongst
non–Christians and to establish Missions College to train and equip future missionaries. He
challenged the church to be more outward focus and to take the gospel to other countries. Pietism
emerged because the Lutheran church and many Reformed churches believed that the great
commission was to be fulfilled by the apostles and not the church. People who ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They preached, baptised, and planted churches and allowed the native pastors to lead the churches.
William Carey used the Pietist principles' as a platform to carry forth modern missions which
"...teaches that authentic renewal looks outward to the ends of the earth as well as inward to spiritual
renewal" (Mulholland 1999:95).
The Moravians believed the whole church is responsible to evangelise the lost. They were
Christocentric and ministered a simple but straightforward gospel message which speaks of the life,
crucifixion, and resurrection of Christ. The Moravians were not theologically trained but were
tradesmen and tentmakers who used their skills in missions. They used lay people, men, and women
in ministry. The Moravians knew hardship and as a result they could identify with people whom
society has forgotten. They evangelised people who lived on the outskirts of society like the
Honduras and Nicaragua. The Moravians were Holy Spirit dependant, Kingdom minded and the
first to promote Christian unity amongst all believers. They believed the Holy Spirit prepared
people's hearts, thus making it easier for them to share the gospel with those prepared hearts. They
were prayer warriors, therefore their missionaries were well supported by their prayers. Carey was
influenced by the Moravians mission's faith, prayer life, and how they overcome their obstacles.
They had God's heart for missions, and always considering winning the lost

The Rancher's Second Chance Analysis
The Rancher's Second Chance This was a sweet second chance story. A year ago Brody Martin was
in love with Grace Thomas. He had a ring, and was about to ask her to be his wife. Grace was not
ready to settle down. She left town with Lincoln, Brody's best friend, at the time. Grace got pregnant
by Lincoln. When she told him, he demanded that she abort the baby. When she refused, He beat
her. Grace run to the only place she felt safe, Martin's Crossing and into Brody's strong and
protective arms. The rancher's second chance is a martin's intersection book by Brenda Minton.
Because it is an inspirational romance, there is no unsuitable language, no violence shown, and no
graphic sexual sections. Does everyone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The charming texas promises to protect her, but she knows he'll never forgive her for breaking his
heart and taking up with his former best friend. Given Brody's own aimless past, Grace understands
that the guarded cowboy needs time to trust her again. Yet as he helps her prepare for the baby's
arrival, Grace knows she's found the perfect father for her child. But can she dare to dream of a
second chance with the man she's never stopped loving .Rancher Brody Martin lost the girl of his
dreams to his former best friend Lincoln. And after that day he decided he would dedicate his life to
ranching and that's it. Or so he thought. One rainy morning, Brody does his best to sleep in, but a
constant knocking and finally a cry for help, draw him out of bed and to his front door. There he
finds his ex girlfriend, Grace Thomas, quiver and crying. Bringing her in and feeding her, he learns
that hasn't been the best boyfriend in the world. Having been hit multiple times by him and also
pregnant, Brody knows he must help her and he must also keep his temper under control. But the
more she tells him the more he pietism wait till Lincoln shows up on his door

Nietzsche's View On Religion
To answer to question if Nietzsche would know really what is "god" were analyzed all 197
incidences of the term isolated or in derivation–combination in The AntiChrist. [FNTAC – F.
Nietzsche. The AntiChrist. Translator: H. L. Mencken. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Project
Gutenberg EBook #19322.]
The translator's point of view is that Nietzsche argues against Christianity, that is:
1. The abandonment of the purely moral view of life;
2. The rehabilitation of instinct;
3. The dethronement of weakness and shyness as ideals;
4. The renunciation of the whole abracadabra of dogmatic religion;
5. The extermination of false aristocracies (of the priest, of the politician, of the plutocrats);
6. The rebirth of the healthy, noble "innocence" that was the Greek man.
Nevertheless, one can raise several questions: against which Christianity Nietzsche rebels? If he
proposes to replace Christian morality with that of Buddhism, is it ... Show more content on
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Commentary: Nietzsche fights against two cultural forces present in his place and time: the search
for a morally perfect man and the reform of society towards a practical Christianity, as preached in
Germany by Pietism. [Gilberto Rabelo Profeta. Iluminismo Místico Filosófico. Hipótese: O
Iluminismo foi um movimento em busca do homem puro e da Sociedade perfeita. Parte 3 Capítulo
VIII – Para Criar Caso com o Caso Schreber. gilbertoprofeta.blogspot.com/2015/05/p03c08–
capitulo–viii.html]
The search for morally pure man by cultivation of moral virtues is the cultural tonic in Germany and
elsewhere since the Enlightenment and Nietzsche fights against the Christian morality that underlies
it. The delirium of his contemporary, Daniel Paul Schreber, pursue the transforming in a perfect
moral man as asked by mental treatment, illustrates your criticisms and permits apprehend what he
is

Quakers Beliefs
The Protestant Reformation often gets the lion's share of attention when discussing religious reform
and renewal during the Early Modern period. However, to state that the Reformation was the only
significant shift in the ideology and practice of Christianity would be to greatly undersell the
importance of a myriad of religious reformers that denounced the decrepit and outdated relationship
between mainstream religious practice and God. For this new wave of religious reformers, the
traditions of the mainstream Church (whether Protestant or Catholic) were getting in the way of
godly men and women forging a personal relationship with their savior, one in which the individual
is brought into the grace of God through a true lasting connection ... Show more content on
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Breaking from Protestant tradition, in which church services tended to be muted and formal,
Methodist services often included "crying, moaning, and shouting"8. For Methodists, this
expression of true rapturous love for God was an outgrowth of the great personal love each person
had for his or her creator; for Methodists, loudly and passionately expressing your religious feelings
was to embrace God with all of one's being. This was a common thread among many reformers
during the time period: the idea that the church services being practiced by the mainstream
Protestant church were too far removed from the passionate love of God that many believers felt
from within their hearts. Methodism and its focus on personal relationships and contact with God
would prove very popular among disaffected Protestants, and would eventually become among the
most well–known and populous Protestant

Christian Spiritual Renewal
For the past 300 years, the United States, particularly the Lutheran Churches has a long history of
sending missionaries to all over the world. The missionary movement is the fruit of pietism among
Lutherans in The United States. This movement transformed many communities through out the
world, resulting mass conversions in Asia, Africa and Latin America. As times have changed, there
has been a huge paradigm shift in mission and Evangelism in modern times among Lutherans here
in the United States. There is growing absence of spiritualness among Christians and non Christians
alike. It is ironic that many Christian are moving away from Christian spirituality. However, there is
eagerness to not only be connected with one another but to also connect with life in solar system and
in the Universe. Every person believes in something and therefore labels that as spirituality, which is
often practiced in various ways. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I. Daniel Peter, Rev. Jeffery Kolbo and Rev. Jonathan Linman. The role of these coordinators are to
organize seminars, panel discussions, liturgical worships in a variety of cultural expressions and
publish material under the name of CCSR. These activities will be organized on Quarterly basis
within various locations in our New York

What Is The Use Of Reform In A Modest Proposal
In A Modest Proposal, Swift vents his mounting exacerbation at the incompetence of Ireland's
government officials, the pietism of the affluent, the oppression of the English, and the lack of
sanitization and debasement in which he sees such a variety of Irish individuals living. While A
Modest Proposal moans about the dreary circumstance of an Ireland absolutely subject to England's
misuse, it likewise communicates Swift's absolute sicken at the Irish individuals' appearing failure
to activate all alone sake. Without pardoning any gathering, the paper demonstrates that the English
as well as the Irish themselves– – and the Irish lawmakers as well as the masses– – are in charge of
the country's disastrous state. His sympathy for the wretchedness of the Irish individuals is a serious
one, and he incorporates a scrutinize of their ineptitude in managing their own particular issues. ...
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Quick's tract spoofs the style and technique for these, and the dismal incongruity of his own answer
uncovers his own depression at the disappointment of this paper news coverage to accomplish any
real advance. His piece challenges the express inefficacy of Irish political authority, and it likewise
assaults the introduction of such a large number of contemporary reformers toward financial
utilitarianism. While Swift himself was a clever monetary mastermind, he frequently communicated
scorn for the utilization of probably logical administration thoughts to philanthropic

Traditional American Values: The Romantic Movement
The Romantic Era, also referred to as the Romantic Movement, was a cultural shift from the
rational, scientific reasoning of the Enlightenment to a free–spirited, emotional driven attitude of
non–conformity. It lasted from about 1780 to 1880 and encompassed literature, art, social
commentary and politics. This research will explore in greater detail the values held during the
Romantic Era. Specifically, it will classify values by origin in ethnicity, geography, language and
religion, differentiate between the values held by individuals and groups, and finally, compare and
contrast the values of this era with traditional American values of today.
Romanticism valued subjective self–awareness, intuition, emotion and renewed spirituality with
nature. It opposed authority and limitations of tradition. These views had a profound impact on the
societies of Germany, England and the United States. Originating in Germany, the Romantic
Movement was introduced through the nation's renewed sense of nationalism. German philosophers
stressed the power of individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its values held different meaning to various groups within the community. The values of the
Romantic Era gave artists freedom to explore and create without confines. The working class saw
romantic values as an escape from the harsh reality of urbanization and industrial work.
Philosophers viewed it as a spiritual awakening, a separation from the outdated, formal traditions of
the established Church. Consequently, the church declared these values immoral and worked within
the governments to suppress them. Siding with the church were the factory owners, social elite and
nobility. They valued materialism and social status above all. The prevailing values of equality,
anti–authority and non–conformity were in conflict with wealthy elite's status quo. Yet, within each
group, the values of the Romantic Era provided something for

Martin Luther Purgatory Beliefs
Martin Luther, like most traditional Christians, believed that this life was simply a pilgrimage, a
journey toward our destination. That destination was an eternity spent either in heaven or in hell.
There was nothing one could do to earn a spot in heaven–God freely forgave the sins of some, and
they could enter heaven. Luther disagreed strongly with the Roman Catholic teaching that there is
also a place called purgatory, because purgatory is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible. The belief
in purgatory developed over the course of the middle Ages, driven by the logic of the Catholic
system of sanctification. Those who were baptized and thus cleansed of the stain of original sin still
had to pay the debt for the offense of sin to a perfect God. In addition, any additional sins must be
paid for. You earned merits toward the debt by performing works, especially the sacraments.
Lutheranism believe that people are saved by God's mercy and forgiveness and not by righteousness
for our past or even by a personal action of deciding to following Jesus. Believing this Lutherans
coined the phrase "By Faith Alone"
Current contemporary beliefs In Lutheran theology, the Law reveals sin and God's punishment for
sin. The gospel proclaims the forgiveness of sins and the gift ... Show more content on
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Fundamentalism arose within evangelicalism in the 20th century as reaction to liberal protests and
in society in a whole. Around the 1930's both fundamentals and evangelicalism remain together.
"The subsequent radicalization and separatism of fundamentalism led to a separation between
"mainline" evangelicalism and fundamentalism in the 1930s and 1940s. While fundamentalists may
desire to see themselves as evangelicals, other evangelicals would not be very comfortable with
them in their

Role Of Religion In Tartuffe
Most likely no play in the theatre history has given rise to such a tempest of criticizing and
controversy as has "Tartuffe" by Moliere. This is chiefly because it handles that question, always so
sensitive and complicated to deal with – religion. Indeed, even today authors managing with
subjects touching any specific race or statement of faith, find it difficult to please everyone. In each
edge of the world, there are readers ready to take offense whether justified or not. In this way, it was
in Moliere's time. The different religious groups of the seventeenth century emerged in arms against
this play, which has been called Moliere's masterpiece. Moliere shook the French world with his
comic drama. Although, religious groups kept the play prohibited from theatres between 1664–
1669, "Tartuffe" rose up out of the controversy as one of the all–time extraordinary comedies. The
play, over which such an incredible controversy emerged, tells of the disturbances caused in ...
A standout amongst of the most controversial characters, other than Tartuffe himself, is Dorine. She
has exceptionally liberal actions for her time and is not depicted in a way that women of that time
should act. He uses her as a voice of reason who can voice her opinion and eventually free the other
characters from such a manipulative man. Moliere shows through Orgon how the fanatical need to
believe can cause man to be taken in by those might shroud themselves in others wealth and
manipulate people through their convictions. The Roman Catholic ministers of Moliere's day might
have thought the writer was an atheist. He attempted to mix the Christian and the pagan together. He
thought that religion and society should not be coupled, in order to keep each sphere pure. Religion
should not hold a favored position in the world but rather should be something private and

The Christian Faith Since The Reformation Of Luther
Spener, like Luther, saw a need to reform what was there in the way of religious faiths. And like
Luther, his intentions were not to remake the faith but to simply bring it back to where it belonged.
Unlike the reformation of Luther, which failed to reform the Catholic Church and ended up splitting
into the Protestant Church, Spener spent his time within the Protestant Church to reform the way
people lived and thought. Arguably, the Pia Desidria that Spener wrote turned out to be the greatest
paper to further the Christian faith since the Bible itself. Pietism is a movement that happened in the
seventeenth and eighteenth century within Protestantism. By the end of the seventeenth century
Protestantism had fallen away from its focus on Christ and a person's walk with Him and had fully
submersed itself in to religious dogma. The movement started with one man, Philip Spener, growing
up with a strong religious background and the writings of Johann Arndt, Spener went to the
University of Strassburg. While attending school at Strassburg, he was taught by professors that
justification by faith was more than just a doctrine but a spiritual rebirth. After spending three years
in a pastorate at Strassburg, Spener went to Frankfort. Upon his arrival, he was shocked by the
conditions of the town and abandoned traditional doctrine and started preaching from the entire
Bible. After he preached from the Sermon on the Mount in 1669, the response from the people was
very surprising. People

Canterbury Tales Working Class Analysis
The Canterbury Tales is an abstract showstopper in which the splendid creator Geoffrey Chaucer
searched out to finish different objectives. Chaucer composed his stories amid the late 1300's. This
puts him comfortable start of the decrease of the Middle Ages. Truly, we realize that a working class
was simply beginning to come to fruition as of now, because of the developing business industry.
Chaucer had the capacity see the significance and future achievement of the working class, and
composed his work considering them. Realizing that the white collar class was not intrigued by
elevated philosophical writing, Chaucer composed his role as a greatly silly and engrossing piece
that would be additionally intriguing to his crowd. Likewise, Chaucer ... Show more content on
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Likewise, the way that the pardoner recounts this pitch with such eagerness, demonstrates that this
control was something he was exceptionally experienced in, and rather appreciated doing. At the
point when the Host declined to purchase the relics and afterward went before to affront the
Pardoner due to his lip service, the Pardoner understood that he had gone directly into his business
pitch without actually considering. Dissimilar to the greater part of The Canterbury Tales, this entry
requests understanding even at the surface level. Nonetheless, the one undeniable point Chaucer
tried to make in this section, was the manner by which imperative the explorers' learning of the
Pardoner's pietism was. In view of their insight into his false reverence, the pioneers had the
capacity abstain from getting tied up with the Pardoner's con which would clearly have presented to
them "Christ's condemnation" (Chaucer 1685). This significance of learning, and particularly the
attention to the defilement of certain congregation practices, was what he wanted to ingrain in the
majority of his

What Is Billy Graham's Influence On The Modern...
only for refuting heresies but also for building up a sound, well informed spirituality." He is
noteworthy because of his influence on the modern fundamentalist movement in its reaction to
liberal theology. Influential seminaries "along with Billy Graham and others, created Christianity
Today magazine and founded the National Association of Evangelicals and the Evangelical
Theological Society, and elevated the intellectual prowess of young men and women." The
fundamentalist movement has influenced the contemporary worship service structure and church
models of many Pentecostal churches. Preaching is important and necessary, but there seems to have
been an over–reliance on the preached word in worship service settings to disciple people. If
preaching alone made disciples, then there would be more disciples in churches, especially
Pentecostal churches renown for exceptional preaching. However, the International Consultation on
Discipleship that met in September of 1999 and comprised of 450 church leaders from fifty–four
countries and nearly ninety Christian fellowships and denominations came to the following
conclusions: "Many converts to Christianity throughout the world fall away from faith; the church is
marked by a paradox of growth without depth; and many within the church are not living lives of
biblical purity, integrity and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primitive illiterate life of believers required an interdependence that few experience in North
America today. Sharing homes, foods, water, and relying on one another for work was the structure
of life at the time. The benefit of this life was the "forced" community it created. While today many
believers are independently secure and provided for, the sense of community is less apparent.
Reclaiming communal aspect of discipleship will be beneficial because it is the biblical design of
discipleship as the Acts narrative and epistles

John Henry Livingston Influence On Religion
Besides being known as the Father of the Reformed Church in America, the resolver of the Coetus
vs. Conferentie dispute, the instituter of the Union of Articles to provide education for colonial
clergy, and the founder of New Brunswick Theological Seminary, John Henry Livingston is also
known as the father of the modern missionary movement (By Grace Alone, 81). Livingston helped a
young RCA denomination establish itself and wade through some challenging theological positions
(The Dutch Reformed Church in the American Colonies, 207–209). During Livingston's time, it was
the middle of the Second Great Awakening and an evangelical pietism was filling the churches
across the colonial seafront (Word and World, 16–17). Livingston, too, resonated with this
individualism since he found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being far more consistent than Frelinghuysen, Livingston espoused millennial views which echo a
hope that Christians can bring the return of Christ before the year 2000 (A People in Mission, 1–8).
Livingston, in his 1804 sermon The Everlasting Gospel, preaches on the Great Fall of Babylon and
the apocalyptic doom that could follow. By proselytizing to the world the good news of the Gospel,
this apocalypticism can be avoided. Livingston believed that once the entire globe heard the Gospel,
the church would enter into the millennial reign (Word and World, 18). Livingston, in his sermon,
goes so far as to say that it is the Christian's duty to live out the Great Commission to foreign lands.
But the millennial reign will come about if the church is not being pious; therefore, the church must
stress moral and social order–essential piety–so that Jesus will return (Word and World, 112–113).
Livingston is known for believing America to be a City on a Hill which, in her pious wisdom, could
oversee all foreign mission and evangelize the

Categorical Imperative Essay
Having argued for the view that hypothetical imperatives are wrong, I now wish to consider rival
views. The other imperative that Kant talks about is the categorical imperative; wish is known to be
the right one. "Categorical, or unqualified, imperatives are the right kind of imperatives, because
they show proper recognition of the imperial status of moral obligation" (pg. 128). Kant named it,
categorical imperatives (CI), which according to Kant is a strategy for control of morality in any
course of movement. The CI consists of a couple steps that I will explain below: First step is to find
a maxim, which is also known to be the general rule. Meaning, say you were in the spirit to help
someone who was in need. The maxim would be to help the person, but to have no load of weight
on your shoulders by helping them. The second step consists to see if the maxim affects everyone. If
the steps can be made available, then we obtain the maxim, and it is considered to be moral. If they
are not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
129). The core of this concoction of the CI is the desire of a rebuttal, in which has been debated in
what Kant had in mind. The first law is logical contradiction, where the given movement would
clearly be unimaginable. Secondly, Kant might have meant it to be teleological contradiction.
Teleological contradiction is where the top most couldn't be able to work in a functioning manner
lawfully in a well–regulated system of nature. The third one Kant mentioned was the practical
contradiction, where my activity wouldn't be affective in trying to achieve motivation, if everyone
wanted to use if for that same purpose. "Kant illustrates how the CI principle of the law of nature
works by applying it to each of these maxims" (pg.130). Not only does Kant talk about the
principles of nature and the CI, but he also explains what a lying promise

All Mankind, Possesses An Equal Basic Moral Status. We
All mankind, possesses an equal basic moral status. We can see, feel, hear, taste and have tactile
sensation, allows us to be inquisitive about the world around us. In Kant's general introduction to
the metaphysics of morals. Kant states, "the active faculty of the human brain, as the faculty of
desire in its broadest sense, is the power which man possesses, through his mental representations,
of becoming the cause of objects corresponding to these agencies." The capacity of a being to act in
accord with his own representations is what establishes the spirit of such a being".
Immanuel Kant is philosopher, he is known for using one of the main subdivisions of philosophy.
He was born in 1724, in the Baltic city of Konigsberg, which was ... Show more content on
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Later in life Kant did not have any conventional religious beliefs, but he was aware of how much
religion had contributed to his parents' ability to cope with all their hardships and how useful
religion could be in fostering social cohesion and community.
He seemed to except his own parents from this criticism. He was fond of them and spoke of his
mother who he felt planted the germ of morality in him. But he was indebted to parties? in a number
was ways, because it was the family pastor who spotted his ability and helped him get in to the local
Collegium, where he learned Latin and a laid foundation to be able to go on to University in
Konigsberg, where he met his tutor Martin Clarkson who was a professor of logic and metaphysics.
Clarkson did not think of him as his best student, but he was an important figure to Kant in his early
development. Nothing happens in

North America Economic Factors
While the Spanish and Portuguese were first to establish their empires in the new world, Great
Britain is seen as the most successful colonization effort. Great Britain began its expansion in the
seventeenth century and reached its pinnacle in the nineteenth century. The original thirteen colonies
established in North America primarily defines this expansion. These colonies would grow and
through revolution, would eventually grow to become the United States of America.
The establishment of these colonies generally corresponds with Puritan movement and the
subsequent division growing between this movement within Parliament and the Monarchy under
James I and the Charles I. While much of the establishment of the colonies can viewed as the pursuit
of religious freedom from the Church of England, make no mistake, the roots can clearly be traced
back to economic factors and the pursuit of commerce. The economic factors were not that of the
wealth and gold secured through a similar path found by Spanish Conquistadors, but the pursuit of
land and cheap labor to cultivate the cash crop of tobacco. These economic forces led to the
extermination of native populations and the introduction of importing slaves to North America. ...
Both these attempts failed. In 1607, Jamestown, named for the newly crowned King James I, was
founded at the mouth of the James River in Virginia. When slavery was introduced in 1619, the
Church of England turned a blind eye even to the extent that slaves were not baptized by many of
their masters. This pursuit of economic wealth of the powerful eventually resulted in a 1667 law
declaring that baptism did not change a slaves standing or condition. Moving farther east, Georgia
was colonized to help halt the spread of the Spanish empire. This colony also had a second purpose
to provide an alternative to those destined for debtors'

Kant Biography
He was born in 1724, in the Baltic city of Konigsberg, which was part of Prussia and now belongs
to Russia, renamed to Kaliningrad. Konigsberg was a town on the eastern sea port of Prussia it was
a town dominated by a castle cathedral and the university and alone some senses it was
geographically something of an outpost because it was a seaport it had a fairly rich intellectual and
cultural life Kant was born into a relatively modest family his father Johan Kant was a saddle maker
and his mother came from a saddle making family also. Kant never had much money, he lived very
modestly. It wasn't until his fifties, did he became a fully salaried professor and attained a moderate
degree of prosperity. Kant was physically very slight, frail, yet ... Show more content on
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That people had a great need to promote ethical behavior, which of course is still true today. With
this Kant came up with the idea called the "Categorical Imperative", which could also be known as
"Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals." This meant, "Act only according to that maxim by
which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." When I first read that I
had to read it couple of times and then ask myself. What did this mean? Then realized that it meant
"do unto others as you would have them do unto you." With this being said it was offering him a
way of testing the morality of an action by imagining how it would be if it were practiced and you
were the victim of it. For us it could be as simple as taking something from work. But if we all did it
then we wouldn't have supplies and would have to be guarded. A bit like if you can do it, I can do it
too and expect you to be okay with it. The categorical imperative is designed our perspective, to get
us to see our own behavior in less immediately personal terms and thereby recognize some of its
limitations. Kant went on to argue that this idea could be stated in another way: Act so as to treat
people always as ends in themselves, never as mere

Apush Chapter 1 Summary
AD 1600 – 1700
–Persecution of Catholics in Sweden under Charles IX
–Jesuit missionary and scholar, Matteo Ricci, starts evangelizing China
–Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius becomes professor at Leiden. Arminius's studies of
Romans lead him to doubt Calvin's doctrine of predestination, resulting in doctrines emphasizing
man's ability to choose Christ and Christ's death for all people. (Arminianism)
–Gunpowder Plot fails. Catholic extremists attempt to kill King James I and blow up Parliament,
seizing the government.
–First Baptist Church is founded in Amsterdam by John Smyth, who baptizes himself.
–Emperor Rudolph II permits freedom of religion in Bohemia
–King James Version Bible (The Authorized Version) published
–Galileo is prohibited by Church from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–The British Test Act bans Catholics from holding public offices unless they deny certain doctrines.
–Isaac Watts, hymn writer
–John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress published.
–Edict of Nantes revoked. Huguenots flee France.
–Johann Sebastian Bach, composer called "The fifth Evangelist"
–English Parliament Issues Toleration Act (tolerating all Protestant groups, but not Roman
Catholics).
–Chinese emperor officially allows Christianity. Ricci's Initial 2,000 converts multiply to 300,000.
–The Amish founded by Jakob Amman.
–First missionary societies formed by Protestants.
–Jamestown, Virginia, established – first permanent English colony on American mainland
–Massachusetts Bay Colony founded
–Dutch peasants (Boers) settle in South Africa
–British Take New Amsterdam from the Dutch and rename it New York
–War of European powers against the Turks (to 1699); high point of Turkish advance in Europe
–James II of England calls for freedom of conscience; Protestants fear restoration of Catholicism
and demand "Glorious Revolution"
–Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia; attempts to westernize nation and build Russia as a
military power.
1700 –

The Characteristics Of Dramatic Action In Scradi, By...
Friedrich Schiller, a German playwright most notable for his work within the Sturm und Drang
movement, held a belief that directly contradicts what many might expect of a piece of literary
work: that "sight is always more powerful to a man than description". He goes on to state how this is
what makes theatre such a unique medium, allowing it to hold "more [power] than morality or law".
One of Schiller's predecessors that agreed with him on this concept was Gotthold Lessing, a fellow
German writer. (Schiller 251)
Lessing composed a series of theoretical essays about the German drama, collected within his
Hamburg Dramaturgy. While the publication did not last long, one of its shorter essays reflects on
an interesting portion of drama: the dramatic action. Lessing's writing specifically focuses upon
seeing who people truly are, and how on the stage the audience "can only see it through [the
character's] actions". He focuses upon the fact that hearsay from characters, a 'he said, she said'
approach to determine the traits of a character, "leaves us quite indifferent" to the characters being
portrayed on stage. Consequently, this makes it harder to connect with these figures, as the audience
has no way of judging the characters for themselves. (Lessing 5) The focus of action is evident in
his tragedy Emilia Galotti from the very first few scenes. The Prince is seen by the audience to be
very expressive and impulsive, with stage directions such as "and throws it down again" (77),

The Joy of Bach Essay
The Joy of Bach
The Baroque period was filled with the new idea that every issue had two sides. Great thinkers and
masterminds left behind the idea that the world was either god– influenced or science–influenced.
Most people embraced this notion, with the exception of a few. Johann Sebastian Bach was one of
these few people. Bach, although the greatest composer of the Baroque period, led a life based on
tradition and past influence, which left him virtually ignored for many years after his death.
Bach was born in 1685 in Germany amongst the turmoil of national reconstruction. He lived a quiet
life with little musical influence, until the death of his parents at age ten. After their death, Bach's
older ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bach also never published any of his music because he thought it was less than perfect. He wrote
music for his enjoyment and self–fulfillment. He never attempted to make himself known through
his musical works (Herz 1).
Bach's peers did not understand his desire to preserve the past; therefore, they did not embrace his
musical genius. His musical peers used the new dynamic and elaborate idea of art expression in
their works. They experimented with new styles and forms in their works. Bach's perfection in his
music was ignored because no one understood it. Bach, unlike his peers, chose to remain with
traditional sounds from the past when he composed music. Because of his modesty and the lack of
interest from the people around him, Bach's creative works existed without influencing the world
around him for many years (Herz 2).
The only place that appreciated his works was the Lutheran church. Bach's chorales and cantatas
held great admiration in the religious world. A devout Lutheran, Bach remained true to the past
musical heritage of his church. For him, the old Lutheran ways were perfect and sacred. This notion
comes through in his perfectly arranged church music. The harmonies and melodies are exact
matches. There is little room for improvement in Bach's church compositions.
Although Bach dearly loved the

Immanuel Kant Research Paper
Immanuel Kant was born April 22, 1724 in Konigsberg.Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher best
known for his work The Critique of Pure Reason, was one of the first to describe this era with the
word " Enlightenment." (Ellis 183–184). He attended the collegium Fridericianum at the age of
eight, Latin school that taught primarily classicism. (Immanuel Kant – Biography). Immanuel Kant
went to the University of Konigsberg, or also know as Albertina. Kant was born into an artisan
family. His father was a harness marker and a pietist. Pietism is the stress on the emotional and
personal aspects of religion. His mother's father was also a master harness maker, and she was better
educated that the other women.
When Immanuel Kant was finished with college he became a private tutor for children outside
Konigsberg. He was a private tutor for six years, then later became a teacher at Albertina. He would
stay at Albertina for four decades and teach philosophy. He retired from teach in 1796, which ...
The effects of his metaphysics,epistemology ,ethics and aesthetics was important to the
philosophical movement that followed him.("Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy."). A large part of
Immanuel Kant's work came from the question, "what can we know". Kant thought that if it can be
stated simply, and our knowledge is constrained to mathematics and the science of the natural,
empirical word. There were two major methods in the early modern time of philosophy that had a
major impact on Immanuel Kant. The first one was Empiricism. Empiricism is the theory that all
knowledge is derived from sense–experience. The second method was Rationalism. Rationalism is a
theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than religious
belief or emotional response. Kant believed that both of the theories of the philosophers' arguments
had some flaws to them. ("Internet Encyclopedia of

How Did The Enlightenment Influence Today
The Age of Reason came after the baroque age, when the people started the believe knowledge lead
to power. The new idea that knowledge was the key to success, along with other new ideas started a
movement called the Enlightenment. All of the new ways of thinking that started the Enlightenment
are the base for the ideas we have today. The Enlightenment took place during the time America was
part of the British colonies and the French were having a Revolution. New religions were also
produced from the Age of Reason and influence the United States of America today. The
Enlightenment brought the idea that one needed to be educated about the world around them, and
that still stands today. The Enlightenment had other trends, such as the middle ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The King had trouble keeping power, even with his horrible threats the people wanted power and
the Enlightenment made it possible for them to have power. The young King was one of the many
problems in France. The Kings immaturity influenced his reign, he let his lovers decide what was
best for the country instead of making the decision himself. Salons were made to have dinner at
while conversing with respected individuals. Women who opinion usually did not matter was more
respected in the salons as they were run by women. France had a crippling government and other
countries wanted to take advantage of them, forcing them into The Seven Years' War. The colonies
in North America were taken by the British, so when the colonies fought for freedom in the
American Revolutionary War, France aided the colonies. France had a Revolution after the country
became finically unstable from it efforts in the American Revolution. The Revolution was led by the
middle, and lower working class. The working class had them most success when they murdered the
King and restored Christianity. The French Revolution was different than the American because they
gave the right to vote the all males of all races. Great Britain was the ideal place for Philosophers to
thrive because it was more stable than France. Great Britain also had a young and inexperienced
King and one allowed parliament the power to rule the country. The

King Richard
A standout amongst the most noticeable and disgusting indecencies, to be sure, in Richard's
character, his pietism, joined, as it generally may be, in his individual, with the most significant
ability and dissimulation, has, inferable from the different parts which it impels him to expect, most
physically added to the notoriety of this play, both on the stage and in the storage room. He is one
who can "outline his face to all events," and in like manner shows up, over the span of his
profession, under the differentiated types of a subject and a ruler, a government official and a mind,
a fighter and a suitor, a heathen and a holy person; and in all without breaking a sweat and
constancy to nature, that while to the traveler of the human personality ... Show more content on
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He is pompous no less, on the quality of his prevalence over any characteristic stirrings of adoration
or compassion, of dread or regret. Like lago he has confidence in the outright influence of will–
wielded acumen to subject and mold enthusiasm to its own particular determinations, while both
are, unwittingly to themselves, overmastered and oppressed by a tyrannous energy that ever keeps
out they could call their own sight as though prowling and moving place behind them. Richard's
actual fall and discipline is his embarrassment on his purpose of dependence and pride; he reaches
oblige companions when companions come up short in heart or in healthiness, he laments love,
would fain be felt sorry for, concedes fear, and has faith in the influence of still, small voice in the
event that he tries to resist it. The automatic strengths of his being ascent in rebellion against the
mistreatment of the intentional. His human instinct vindicates the inclinations of mankind, when the
creature which was strained to maintain itself on the guideline of renunciation of sensitivity
flounders and separates. The force of the most grounded will has its restrictions; negligible rebellion
won't free the brain from superstition, and simple severity can't completely quit for the day welling
springs of

How Did Early Holiness Themes Influence John Wesley?
In what ways did early Holiness themes influence John Wesley?
Important to the Wesleyan–Holiness tradition is understanding Wesley didn't develop the doctrine of
Holiness from a bias, rather the Holiness message was at the heart of the early Christian church
(Leclerc, 2014). Though Wesley's delineation of entire sanctification differs from many early
writers, the idea of Christian perfection has remain alive since the days of the apostles (Bassett &
Greathouse, 1985) In the first five centuries the early writers such as Irenaeus a native of Asia Minor
who became the bishop of Lyons, wrote primarily to refute Gnosticism, yet became most notable for
his elaboration and development of recapitation soteriology, which was later utilized by Wesley
(Leclerc, 2014). Other writers including Clement of Alexandria and Origen were greatly influenced
by the stoics, yet affirmed the Christian perfecting that comes from a life entirely devoted to God.
Further, Clément's contributed greatly to Wesley's understanding of a personal responsibility to one's
own spirituality (Bassett & Greathouse, 1985). Consequently, after the development of holiness in
the early writers, the Post–Nicene period built on the early writers and thinkers and developed
further holiness concepts that eventually formed the thinking of Wesley. The development of
mysticism and asceticism create a quest for personal holiness and devout life fully yielded to God.
Further, authors such as Macarius development

Internal Reality In The Minister's Black Veil
In the same way as other authors of his time, Hawthorne underlined man's internal reality, and those
musings and sentiments which are not promptly clear. As he investigated this inward nature, he not
just discovered the wellspring of poise and excellence, additionally certain components of haziness
and roughness. In The Minister's Black Veil, these components are dealt with as genuine and
unpreventable strengths in human presence. The bringing together subject is the contention between
the dull, shrouded side of man and the guidelines forced by his rigid legacy, and the mental and
handy ramifications of this contention. Hawthorne brings malicious and unapproved longing into
the circuit of puritan life, and in this way passes on a significant truth that is irritating in its
suggestion, to be specific that we can never would like to know one another's actual selves. The
subjects in the story are recommended by the cover image, the pressure between the clergyman and
the group, and the utilization of ace Freudian mental examination. ... Show more content on
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Numerous individuals accept that the face gives data around a man's hidden qualities and,
consequently, about his or her likely conduct. Subsequently, by wearing the cover, the pastor takes
away the premise on which individuals can anticipate his conduct. This is the primary driver of the
clergyman's detachment, despite the fact that he is made unusual as of now by the unimportant
demonstration of wearing the cloak. Some piece of the startling impact of the shroud gets from the
learning that the individual behind it can see everything without being seen

Globalized Islam By Olivier Roy
In Olivier Roy's book, Globalized Islam, he writes about "propaganda targets individuals, not
groups" as the strategy used "Islamists, when elaborating a political program, targets groups, and
more precisely social groups (impoverished neo–urbanites, students from the lower and middle
classes, and so on)." Roy continues on to share their reasoning for the method of targeting
individuals, not groups [author's italicization]. "This remains congruent with their strategy of going
to the polls; an electorate is always a collective and anonymous entity." Roy goes on to state why
the new preachers use another method. "But the new preachers target individuals, for the simple
reason that they do not have a global political and social project, except implementation of sharia."
In contrast he goes on to explain how the Taliban's agenda differs. "Even the Taliban, who were
ruling a 'real country, never cared about implementing any economic or social program, but were
exclusively concerned with sharia." Consequently, individual Muslims that relocate from their own
culture to migrate to the western world still remain well rooted in their religion despite the fact that
no special accommodations are made for their religion. "No allowances are made for Muslims to
abide naturally and easily by the tenets of their religion." "Hence the implementation of binding
religious obligations rests on the good goodwill of the believer, not on any external cultural pressure
or a state's legal

Examples Of Greed In The Pardoner's Tale
There are seven destructive sins that, once dedicated, lessen the possibility of unceasing life and
bliss in paradise. They are alluded to as dangerous in light of the fact that every transgression is
firmly connected to another, prompting other more prominent sins. The seven savage sins are pride,
envy, anger, sloth, gluttony, and greed. Geoffrey Chaucer's gem, The Canterbury Tales, gave a
superb anecdote about the destructive sins. Concentrating essentially on the wrongdoings of pride,
and voracity, the characters found in The Canterbury Tales, especially The Pardoner's Tale, were so
overpowered by their natural cravings and aspirations that they neglected to see the impacts of their
corrupt activities, hence denying themselves of salvation.
Gluttony is characterized as the over–liberality of nourishment and beverage. The pardoner said that
greedy was the wrongdoing that defiled the world. The principal type of gluttony is intoxication.
Intoxication is evil on the grounds that man loses his capacity to reason. The three ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
While others were not as taught as he might have been, the pardoner talked in Latin to hotshot his
etymological capacity. His inability to try to do he said others should do made him a model of
pietism and misdirection. The pardoner was such a bragger, to the point that he gloated of the
transgressions that he had done. "I release my venom under the shade of sacredness, to appear to be
heavenly and true"(page 343). The pardoner admitted to his astounding conduct and admitted to his
indecency. His improper admission demonstrated that he was liable of stupidity: I lecture, as you
have recently listened, and tell a hundred other falsehoods...my aim is to win cash, not in any way to
cast out sins (page 343). All through his story, the pardoner makes himself to be an exemplary man,
yet he doesn't take after even his own particular teachings. Indignation is found in him when the
host makes a joke on him in the

Hymns In America
I needed a more detailed account of the history and practices of the Swedish–American Church.
What were the interactions like between the churches in America and the churches in Sweden? How
did different denominations function and interact? I choose to include this article because the author
answers these questions in the specific context of hymns. Hymns embody the experiential nature of
religion as songs of adoration and worship. The author of the article, George Ericson, begins by
detailing the evolution of hymns through various religious movements in Swedish history. He
focuses on the transatlantic transfer of hymns between America and Sweden. This source reiterates
the importance of Martin Luther and the Reformation. Olavus Petri published the first Hymnal in
the common language as a result of the Reformation (Ericson 103). Hymns shaped the experience of
religion for the common person. Different waves of religious revival inspired new hymns to be
written. The pietism movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Baptist, Methodist, and Pentecostal hymns were translated from English to Swedish during the 19th
century. Often these songs would be sung to traditional folk tunes (despite some criticism). Some
immigrants would even return to Sweden and share "lively tunes and inspiring lyrics" on preaching
tours (Ericson 106). Unlike other countries, there was not an official connection between the state
church in Sweden and similar congregations in America. The adoption of new hymns demonstrates
the "free–churchly" attitude apparent in the American Lutheran church. Free church refers to a
movement in Sweden in opposition to the state church which resulted in immigration. From my
other sources, I determined that religious motivations did not dominate Swedish immigration.
However, the love for certain hymns demonstrates a trend for Swedish believers to distance their
religious practice from the official church of

Differences Between The Medieval Catholic Church And Pietism
The Medieval Catholic Church and Pietism are both rooted in the common ideology that God
desires relationship and salvation for all. However, the two differ greatly in missiology, theology
and daily practicality. There are major points of divergence between the Medieval Catholic Church
and Pietism from which modern–day Protestantism developed. "Mission theology links systematic
theology with practical theology. It outlines and interprets mission systematically and practically
from the perspective of God's mission, Christ's mission, the mission of the Holy Spirit and the
mission of the Church." The true test of The Medieval Catholic Church and Pietism regardless of
the merging of missiology or the divergence of missiology is determined by how well each one
meets the challenge of the triune God's mandated definition of mission. Ultimately, one must adhere
to the Great Commission found in Matthew Chapter 28, verses 16– 20. in order to accomplish a
God–centered missiology.
Tradition
Pietism viewed Scripture as the governing authority of one's life. However, the Medieval Catholic
Church embraced Scripture and traditions as authoritative. In fact, Catholicism placed equal
emphasis on Scripture and tradition. According to Catholic Catechism, "this living transmission,
accomplished in the Holy Spirit, is called Tradition, since it is distinct from Sacred Scripture by
showing how its riches are poured out in the practice and life of the Church, in her belief and her
prayer." It

The, Gift Of God 's Grace
Chapter 17 Assignment #3 (Ryan Cho) 17.3
Joseph II of Austria, Toleration Patent 1781, pogroms, Pietism, John Wesley, Methodism, "gift of
God's grace"
1) Joseph II of Austria. Joseph II of Austria was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1765 to
1790, and served as ruler of Habsburg from 1780 to 1790. Joseph strongly emphasized an
enlightened version of absolutism, which gained him much needed support at the time. During his
tenure, Joseph sough truly radical changes in government through Enlightenment ideas. His
commitment to modernizing reforms, although, endangered him and allowed significant opposition
to gain power against him. For that reason, he never fully implemented his plans of absolutism, as
he died without an heir to the throne.
2) Toleration Patent 1781. The Toleration Patent of 1781, also known as the Edict of Toleration, was
an edict that was issued in 1781 by Joseph II of Austria. The edict allowed members of minority
faiths (not of Christianity, for example, Protestant religions) to perform religious practices without
being persecuted. This was very important for minority faiths it finally allowed them religious
freedom and separation from the Church, which led to the growth of Protestant populations
3) Pogroms. A pogrom is a somewhat organized, and violent riot or massacre aimed against a
specific group or ethnicity. One, for example, was aimed specifically at the Jews. The word pogroms
spread and was entered the dictionary because of the countless

The Most Influential Thinkers Of The German Enlightenment Era
Immanuel Kant was born April 22, 1724 in Königsberg. Kant is considered one of the most
influential thinkers of the German Enlightenment era. He could easily be labeled one of the greatest
and most important Western philosophers of all time.
Kant was born the fourth of nine children to Johann and Anna Kant. His father was a harness maker,
and the large family lived a rather humble life. The family practiced Pietism, an 18th–century
branch of the Lutheran Church. As a result of this, Kant's early education was at Saint George's
Hospital School and then Collegium Fredericianum, a Pietist school.
In 1740, Kant entered at the University of Königsberg where he enrolled as a theology student. Six
years later, the death of Kant's father left him without income to continue his education and forced
him to leave the university. For the next ten years, Kant worked as a private tutor for wealthy
families. During this time away from school, Kant published numerous papers dealing with
scientific questions surrounding rationalism and empiricism. The most important being General
Natural History of Theory of the Heavens, which he published in 1755. In this work, Kant talks
about the origin of the solar system and concludes it was a result of gravitational connection of
atoms. After his publication and returning to school to receive his doctorate of philosophy, Kant
spent the next fifteen years as a lecturer and tutor for the University of Königsberg. Even with the
work load that came with

Edvard Munch Biography
The family moved to Christiania (renamed Kristiania in 1877, and now Oslo) in 1864 when
Christian Munch was set medicinal officer at Akershus Fortress. Edvard's mother dyestuff of
tuberculosis in 1868, as did Munch's top dog sister Johanne Sophie in 1877. After their dam's
extinction, the Munch siblings were stir up by their God and by their aunt Karen. Often disagreeable
for much of the winters and kept out of school, Edvard would drag to keep himself occupied. He
was guardian by his school confuse and his aunt. Christian Munch also enlighten his son in past and
science, and entertained the children with vivid ghost–stories and the tales of American writer Edgar
Allan Poe.
As Edvard remembered it, Christian's confident behavior toward ... Show more content on
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Munch wrote of how the painting came to be: "I was walking down the inroad with two befriend
when the solarize set; suddenly, the sky shape as red as blood. I stopped and leaned against the
fence, sentiment unspeakably tired. Tongues of fire and destruction stretched over the bluish somber
fjord. My favorer journey on gradient, while I slow behind, shivering with apprehension. Then I
heard the enormous, unlimited scream of naturalness." He later described the chattel anguish behind
the picture, "for several donkey's I was almost mad... You cane my painting, 'The Scream?' I was
stretched to the termination–kind was screaming in my manslaughter... After that I gave up hope
ever of being able to delight

Martin Luther's Theology Of The Cross
Furthermore, Luther's Theology of the cross helps us to see God incarnate, with us, Emmanuel, even
in the suffering and death of the crucified one, God's only son, Jesus. It is in this suffering that we
know that God is with us. In a very human way, God takes on the fate of the world, to destroy
human flesh through Jesus, the incarnation. God does change, suffer and die. It is God alone, and
nothing we do. God does all the heavy lifting for our sake, and it is a gift. Jesus gives us an example
of someone who loves us so deeply, that he is willing to lay down his life.
Lutheran Pietism, which focused on "a religion of the heart" over against "a religion of the mind."
It was a movement that was a true commitment of the heart to ... Show more content on
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Pietism took "Justification" one–step forward towards "Sanctification." This researcher would argue
alongside the Pietist and even further to state that conversion is a process. It can be a part of a one
time even, Luther's Tower experience, or apart of a going formation/activity. This is key to the
teaching of discipleship as it relates to the African American experience, these historic roots, help
me 1) to prove the case that Lutheran can and has been involved in such practices of conversion
almost since the very beginning. 2) It gives me examples of a unique blend, which fostered and gave
birth to the Great Awakening and the Revivalist movement in America. 3) The "Invitation to
Discipleship," may have originated as a part of the Sacrament of the Altar, Communion, as it invites
believers to come forward, responding to the invitation that comes from God to share in his holy
sacrament of his body and blood. It is here that we meet the crucified

Reclaiming Pietism Roger Olson Summary
Reclaiming Pietism by Roger Olson and Christian Winn explains the many and sometimes widely
varying views of Pietism that swirl around the term in contemporary culture–including Christian
culture. Olson grew up in pentecostal home and church, though attending a seminary founded by
German Pietists instilled in him a warm–hearted evangelicalism that replaced the emotional
Pentecostalism in his youth. Later through life, Olson taught at a Christian college founded by
Swedish Pietists and discovered a spiritual ethos. Winn, on the other hand came to know Pietism
later in life though Ph. D work under theologian and historian Donald Daton at Drew University.
Exposure to the primary texts of the pietist tradition dispelled negative caricatures of Pietism that
harbored within him and opened up a whole new way of seeing and understanding evangelicalism in
North America. With Olson and Winn's desire to share the truth about Pietism, they decided to share
the history and heart behind Pietism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pietist movement was formed by _____. Pietism was not primarily a political or secular culture
force, but it was a spiritual movement. The pietist movement was energized by a spiritual ethos that
outlived it and can be seen in many sectors of contemporary Christianity. The ethos of Pietism is the
emphasis on the religion of the heart. Stoffler narrowed the Pietist ethos to three characteristics, he
says that Pietism ethos is a "personal meaningful relationship with the individual God, thrives on
'religious idealism', and places distinctive emphasis on the

The Church Of The Desert Summary
1) Where and what was "The Church of the Desert"?
Officially, there were no more Protestant left in France after the Edict of Fontainebleau. During this
time Protestant religious practice was banned in France, service were held in secret ("Church of the
Desert" meetings) in many parts of the country. Many who had been outwardly converted held fast
to their faith. And those that had denied their faith now returned to the desert church out in open
fields or clearing in the woods for Protestant worship because they lack a church building. The
king's agent were unable to stamp out the Christian of the desert, as the Huguenots now call
themselves. (Gonzalez.189)
2) How did the 13 Colonies receive the church?
In the beginning of the 13 colonies receiving

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