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1. MS DOS Commands - Introduction
By Ravindra Reddy
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2. MS-DOS basics:
What is MS-DOS?
MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System.
MS-DOS controls the computer’s hardware and provides an environment for programs to run.
This system program must always be present when working with your computer.
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3. Why You Need MS-DOS
• Windows is built upon MS-DOS and it is easy and fast to learn
• Programming under MS-DOS as compared to Windows. So, it is good for beginners
• MS-DOS controls the flow of information between you and the computer (translator).
• MS-DOS allows you to store information on your computer.
• MS-DOS allows you to retrieve information stored on your computer.
• MS-DOS interprets and translates the software you have on your computer.
• MS-DOS gives you access to all its function (i.e. saving, copying, and printing files).
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4. 4 Core Parts of MS DOS
• The Operating-system loader
It brings the operating system from the startup into RAM.
Bootstrapping
• The MS-DOS BIOS
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output systems
Loaded from the file IO.SYS during initialization.
Layer that sits between operating system kernel and hardware.
• The User Interface (shell)
Conventional program that allows the user to interact with the operating system.
Default MS – DOS user interface is a shell program called Command.com.
• The MS-DOS Kernel
Heart of the operating system
it is a proprietary program supplied by Microsoft corporation.
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5. MS-DOS Kernel
The kernel provides a collection of hardware-independent services called system functions.
- File Management
- Memory Management
- Device Input and Output
- Process control
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6. Internal Versus External Commands
The kernel provides a collection of hardware-independent services called system functions.
- File Management
- Memory Management
- Device Input and Output
- Process control
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7. Internal Commands
These Commands are Built into the OS and already in memory if the OS is loaded.
Available anytime the computer is displaying a command prompt.
Generally, the more frequently used commands.
Examples include:
• DIR
• COPY
• PATH
• CD
• MD
• DEL
• TIME
• DATE.
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8. External Commands
Not a part of COMMAND.COM. Located in another directory.
Must be loaded into memory as needed by the OS.
Examples include:
• FORMAT
• DEFRAG
• DISKCOPY
• MEMMAKER
• SCANDISK.
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9. Syntax
• A specific set of rules that you must follow when writing commands.
• The order in which you arrange the elements of the command.
• The rules of grammar for the command line.
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10. Commands have three parts:
Key word Parameter Switches
Optional Values
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11. What they Do?
Keyword
What action to perform.
Parameter
What is acted upon.
Switches
How to perform the action.
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12. Keyword
A unique word or set of characters that identifies the action to be performed.
Some are quite descriptive: FORMAT, COPY, MOVE
Others are abbreviated: DEL, DEFRAG, DBLSPACE
A few are little more than memory aids: EMM386 and MSCDEX.
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13. Parameter
Additional directions for the command.
It may specify a directory or file on which to perform the action.
It may specify a hardware device.
It may specify a system setting.
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14. Switches
A special type of parameter that enables or disables optional functions of the command.
The /P switch with the DIR command displays the directory one screen at a time.
The /W switch with the DIR command displays the directory in the wide format (five columns wide).
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15. Two Common Forms of Commands:
Key word Drive/Files Switches
OR
Key word Source Files SwitchesTarget Files Switches
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16. Using Command - Example
DEL ravindrareddy_resume.doc
FILEKEYWORD
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17. Using Command - Example
DEL D:/ravindrareddy_resume.doc
FILEKEYWORD
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18. Using Command - Example
COPY D:/ravindrareddy_resume.doc E:
FILEKEYWORD
Target
or
Destination
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19. Using Command - Example
COPY D:/ravindrareddy_resume.doc E:
SPACE SPACE
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20. Using Command - Example
COPY D:/ravindrareddy_resume.doc E: /V
FILEKEYWORD
Target
or
Destination
SWITCH
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21. Backslash Vs. Forward Slash
Backslashes are used as separators when specifying directory or file information.
/ Forward slashes are used to notify DOS that the next character is a command line switch.
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22. Bad command or file name.
Type HELP followed by the command you want to know about.
Type the command and then follow it with the switch /?.
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23. Thank you
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