Basic knowledge about the computer components and computer system.

1. COMPUTER APPLICATION
IN MANAGEMENT
UNIT 2 – COMPUTER
SYSTEM
Submitted by:-
Kh. Santosh Singh
Under the guidance of:-
Dr. S. Somokanta

2. Recap….
 Characteristics of Computer
 Generation of Computers
 Era of Personal Computers
 Digital Computers
 Micro Computers

3. Recap….
 Organization of Computers
 Hardware
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Software
 System Software
 Application Software

4. Computer System

5. Computer System

6. Computer System

7. Computer System

8. Computer System

9. Computer System

10. Memory

11. Memory Organisation
 Internal
 External

12. Internal Memory
 CPU Memory
 Cache Memory
 Primary / Main Memory

13. CPU Memory
 Internal Processor Memory
 Embedded into the processor
 High Speed Register
 Actual Processing

14. Main Memory
 Primary Memory
 Communicates directly with the CPU
 2 types - RAM & ROM
 RAM – Random Access Memory
 ROM – Read Only Memory

15. Random Access Memory
 Read-Write-Memory
 Random access of data
 Volatile in nature
 Manufactured with Bipolar or MOS technology
 Types – SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM,
DDR SDRAM, FPM DRAM & EDO DRAM
* MOS – Metal Oxide Semiconductor

16. RAM Types
 SRAM- Static RAM
 DRAM- Dynamic RAM
 SDRAM- Synchronous Dynamic RAM
 RDRAM- Rambus Dynamic RAM
 DDR SDRAM- Double Data Rate SDRAM
 FPM DRAM- Fast Page Mode DRAM
 EDO DRAM- Extended Data Out DRAM

17. Read Only Memory
 Non Volatile in nature
 Data / Program not modifiable
 Store BIOS program
 Types –
 Masked ROM – Non user programmable
 PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory – User
programmable

18. PROM, EPROM, EEPROM
 Programmable ROM
 Erasable Programmable ROM
 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
 Flash Memory –
Type of EEPROM that uses in-circuit-wiring
Much faster than traditional EEPROM

19. Cache Memory
 Small & Fast but Expensive
 Placed between CPU and Main memory
 Size ranges from 64KB to 2MB
 Types:
 Primary or Level 1 Cache (on-chip cache)
 Secondary or Level 2 Cache (on-board cache)
 Level 3 Cache (on-board cache)

20. External Memory
 Auxiliary Memory / Secondary Storage
 Store larger amount of data / information
 Non Volatile in nature
 Categories:
 Sequential Access Devices
 Direct Access or Random Access Devices

21. Magnetic Tape
 Sequentially accessed
 Read / Write with HEAD device
 2 popular forms:
Detachable Reel Magnetic Tapes and
Tape Cartridges
 Storage Capacity of a tape = Data Recording Density X
Length of the Tape

22. Magnetic Disks
Track
 Circular plate of metal/plastic Sector
 Coated with magnetized material
 Direct Access Storage
 Rewritable
 Mapping or Formatting
• Low-level formatting
• High-level formatting

23. Disk Drive
 A generic term
 A device on which disk is mounted
 Consists of motor, arms assembly with heads
 Speed ranging from 3600 – 7200 RPM
 Information recorded during disk rotation
 Uses : Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive

24. Floppy Disk
 Removable storage device
 Out of market
 Size ranges from 100 KB – 200 MB
 3 ½ inch HIFD
1998-99

25. Hard Disk
 Invented in the
1950’s
 Originally called
‘Fixed Disk’ or
‘Winchesters’
 Storage Capacity =
Number of recording surfaces X
Number of tracks per surface X
Number of sectors per track X
Number of bytes per sector
► Internal ► External ► Solid-state-drive(SSD)

26. RAID
 Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
 Higher storage capacity
 Uses mainly in the Mainframes and Servers

27. Optical Disk
 Made of plastic plate
with light sensitive
recording surface
 Capable of storing vast
amount of data
 Single spiral track
 Sectors are of same
length
 Use laser beams for
Read / Write
 E.g. CD-ROM, WORM
Disc, Erasable Optical
Disc, DVD-ROM, Blue
Ray Disc
Storage capacity = No. of Sectors X No. of Bytes per Sector

28. Flash Drive
 Also known as ‘Thumb Drive’ or ‘Pen Drive’
 Not actually a drive – no moving parts
 Based on EEPROM technology
 Essential components
1. Standard A USB Plug
2. USB Mass Storage Controller
3. Flash Memory Chip

29. OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

30. OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

31. CONCLUSION

32. THE END
Any Questions ?