The document discusses various components of a computer system including the CPU, memory, input, and output devices. It provides details on CPU clock speed, cores, types of processors from Intel. It describes the hierarchy of memory from primary like RAM and ROM to secondary storage such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs. Input devices covered include keyboards, mice, joysticks, and scanners. Output devices discussed are monitors, printers, plotters and projectors.

1. CPU SPEC

2. CLOCK SPEED
FSB or QPI
CORES

3. TYPES OF PROCESSOR
INTEL
Pentium MMX
DUAL Core Process CORE 2due brand name
Core i3 processor
Core i5 processor
Core i7 processor

4. Memory
Primary Memory  directly connected the CPU
Secondary Memory external to CPU

5. PRIMARY MEMORY
• RAM (read/write)
• ROM(read only)

6. RAM (Read/Write)
1) Static Ram (SRAM) store information as long
as power is ON (expensive & high power
consumption )
2)Dynamic RAM(DRAM) loose data every 2
millisecond. (cheaper)

7. Dynamic RAM
• SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
• RDRAM(Rambus Dynamic Random Access
Memory)
• DDR RAM(Double data rate synchronous
DRAM)
• EDO RAM (Extended data out)

8. SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic RAM)
Type of Dynamic RAM
Synchronized with clock speed that
microprocessor is operating.

9. RDRAM(Rambus Dynamic Random
Access Memory)
• Data transfer is 1.6 billion byte per second
• Direct Rambus technology developed and
licensed by Rambus Corporation.
• RIMM module required in motherboard
• Help to accelerate visual intensive interface
such as 3-D gaming ,games and streaming
multimedia

10. DDR (Double-Data-Rate) RAM
DDR RAM is based on SDRAM Architecture
Utilizing the clock signal differently to transfer
twice the data in the same amount of time.
Higher speed than SD RAM..

11. EDO(Extended Data Output)RAM
Improves the time to read from Memory on
faster microprocessor such as Intel Pentium.
For faster computers different type of SD RAM is
recommended.

12. Memory Module
• SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)
• DIMM(Dual Inline Memory Module)

13. ROM (Read Only Memory)
Permanent Storage (content will not loose when
the power is off)
It content is written into at manufacturing time
Users cannot write into a ROM

14. ROM classified
a) PROM (programmable ROMs)
b) EPROM (Erasable PROM)
c) EEPROM (Eclectically Erasable PROM)

15. PROM (programmable ROMs)
Data will be stored permanently.
The PROM Programmer used for programming
the ROM.
It can be programmable once only.

16. EPROM
Erasable PROM.
Stored data can be erased by exposing them to
high intensity short wave ultra violet light for
about 12 Minute.
It is very cheap ,reliable and Widely used.

17. EEPROM(electrically Erasable PROM)
• E2 PROM requires 21 Volts pulse for writing
and Erasing and 5V for read operation.
Chip can be reprogrammed on the PC’s
Motherboard on a byte to byte basis

18. CACHE MEMORY
It is placed between Processor and Main
Memory.
It is faster than main memory, access time is less
than main memory
Access time cache 15-25 ns
Access time Main Memory  80ns

19. Level 1(L1) cache ::
built into the actual processor core (part of
CPU). 64KB or 128 KB.
Level 2 (L2) cache:: It is larger such
256KB,512KB,1GB
It can be outside or inside the CPU

20. Secondary Memory
• Store data permanently
Examples:
1) Floppy Disk: 3.5 inch size 1.44MB or 2.88
Capacity
2) Hard Disk : made of a group of disks or disk
platters piled on top of one another in an
airtight dustproof case.
3) Magnetic Tape : The tape is a plastic ribbon ½
inch wide that is coated on one side with iron-
oxide material which can be magnetized. Data
will be accessed sequentially

21. • Compact Disk (CD)  700 MB
i) CD-R ii) CD-RW
• DVD  4.2 GB
i) DVD-R ii)DVD-RW
• Blue-Ray Disk 50 GB
• USB Drive

22. INPUT DEVICE
Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard
a)Bluetooth b)infrared c)wifi
Wired Keyboard
a) PS/2 b)USB

23. MOUSE
Serial Mouse
Bus Mouse
PS/2 Mouse
USB Mouse
Wireless Mouse

24. Other INPUT Devices
Joystick
Microphone
Touch Screen
Track ball
OMR(optical mark reader)
Video camera
Webcamera

25. Scanner
Scan text or images into the computer
Convert analog data to digital format
Three types of scanners
1)Flatbed scanner : like photocopier
2)Sheetfed Scanner : like fax machine
3)Handheld Scanner: designed to move across
the object.

26. OUTPUT DEVICES
• Monitor
• Printers
• Plotters
• Multimedia Projector
• Speech Synthesizer