1.
 Hardware is the physical component of a computer
system. It refers to the electromechanical parts and
devices that make up a computer. Generally, hardware is
categorized according to which of the five basic
computer operation it performs:

2.
 Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU,
a processor, or a microprocessor
 Memory (RAM)
 Storage Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices

3.
 Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
 Memory (RAM)
 Storage Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices

4.
 Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
 Memory (RAM)
 Storage Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices

5.
 Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a
processor or a microprocessor
 Memory (RAM)
 Storage Devices
 Input Devices
 Output Devices

6.
 CPU or microprocessor is often described as the brain of
a computer.
 CPU is an integrated circuit or “chip” which processes
instructions and data.
 CPU types.
 Intel Pentium II, III, IV
 Intel Celeron
 AMD Athlon

7.
 CPU speed is measured by the number of completed
instruction cycles per second Currently, CPU speeds
range from 600 megahertz (MHz or million cycles per
second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second).
 Always check new software’s requirements for CPU type
and speed before purchasing

8.
RAM or Random Access Memory
 “Waiting room” for computer’s CPU.
 Holds instructions for processing data, processed data,
and raw data.
 Ram is measured by:
 Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes)
 Speed (in Nanoseconds)

9.
 Amount of RAM installed will determine.
Which software applications will run (efficiently)?
How many software applications can be open
simultaneously (multitasking ability)?
 RAM upgrades are cost-effective and easy to install.
Check your computer manual for RAM type (DIMM,
SDRAM) and speed (100, 90ns).

10.
 All software applications will have RAM specifications
listed on their packaging.
 Many applications list both a minimum and a
recommended amount of RAM necessary to run the
software.
 Be cautious about buying software for a system based
on minimum requirement.

11.
 Electronic devices that store, retrieve, and save
instructions and data.
 Today’s microcomputers or PCs include several types of
storage devices.
 Capacity and speed are important considerations when
selecting a new storage device for a PC.

12.
 Magnetic storage devices store data by
magnetizing particles on a disk or tape.
They have a limited life-span of 1 to 5 years,
depending on the device.
 Optical storage devices store data as light
and dark spots on the disk surface. They
have an unlimited life-span.

13.
Hard Disk Drives
 Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or billions of
bytes).
 Typically permanently installed.
 Used to store operating system, application software,
utilities and data.
 Magnetic storage device.

14.
Floppy Disk Drives
• Capacity is 1.44 to 2.0 megabytes (MB or
millions of bytes).
– Storage device with the smallest
capacity
– Most portable storage media
• Magnetic storage device.

15.
CD-ROM Drives
 Typically installed on all new computer systems. (Were
add-on device until the mid 1990’s).
 Capacity is 600 to 750 megabytes
(MB or millions of bytes).
 Most mass-produced commercial software is packaged
on a CD.

16.
CD-ROM Drives
 Used more often now for backup storage as CD-RW
(read/write) technology has become less expensive.
 Data is read from CD by a laser.
 Optical storage device.

17.
Other Types of Drives
 Zip Drives – Several different capacities are available.
 Tape Drives – Generally used for system backups,
becoming less common.
 DVD drives – Can also read CDs, now more common as a
standard device on new computer systems.

18.
 Input is all information put into a computer. Input can be
supplied from a variety of sources:
 A person
 A storage device on computer
 Another computer
 A peripheral device
 Another piece of equipment, such as a musical
instrument or thermometer

19.
 Input devices gather and translate data into a form the
computer understands.
 Primary input device:
 Keyboard - Most common input device; used to type
in commands and data.
 Mouse or trackball enhances user’s ability to input
commands, manipulate text, images.
 Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or
assistive input device.

20.
 Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users
to import:
 Text
 Graphics
 Images
 Specialized software aids in translating information into
a format the computer can understand and manipulate.

21.
• Digital Cameras are peripheral input devices
that allow users to create pictures and/or
movies in a digital format.
– Some require specialized
software to import images
into the computer.
– Some record digital images directly to a disk
that can be read by the computer.

22.
• Monitors are the most commonly used output device.
• Most monitors use a bitmap display.
– Allows user to resize the display.
– Divides the screen into a matrix of tiny square “dots” called
pixels.
– The more “dots” a screen can display, the higher the
resolution of the monitor.

23.
• Monitors are connected to a computer system via a port
integrated on the video adapter or graphics card.
• Graphics cards convert digital data output from software to
analog data for display on monitors.
Typically have additional memory chips on card, 4MB to 64MB.

24.
Printers
• Dot matrix
– Seldom used in a classroom.
– Still frequently used in business.
• Bubble or ink jet
• Laser

25.
Projection systems or classroom TVs can display information from
a computer system on a larger screen for whole-class instruction.

26.
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1. Kaushal Mehta … ..twitter@kaushalmehta96
2. Jigar Patel … .. twitter@jigarpatel_jp