The Early Modern Period

The Early Modern Period
In the Early Modern Period places such as Russia, the Ottoman Empire, China, and the Mughal
Empire all underwent changes within their own culture. Even though these places went through
economic, territorial, and agriculture changes only Russia decides to adopt a Westernize philosophy
for their country.
Russia welcomes the idea of westernization on the premise of Peter the Great seeking Western allies
for crusades against Europe. Characteristics of Westernization include having a strong navy, a
bureaucratic government, strong interest in science and technology, and luxury items that were
imported from the West. Due to the small amount of the middle class citizens, Russia's
westernization was led by their government. Even though, Russia was ... Show more content on
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Although, they are trying to expand territory to govern diverse peoples. The Mughal Empire's weak
leadership and religiously intolerance impeded their development as an Empire. Ultimately, their
lack of leadership led the British East India company to adopt a great deal of land in India. This also
led to Mughal India becoming a British colony. The state of Mughal India at the end of the modern
period is extinct because they decided to colonize with Britain.
China rejects the idea of westernization because they would rather become isolated as a country,
than adapting to Western ideas. This ideology stems from the fact China believes that they have the
most dominant empire in the world. China is impeded by no technological advances, culture favored
traditional styles, influx of silver caused income to be unequal, population growth produced massive
poverty. By the end of the Early Modern period China is gradually weaken. This is because the lack
of advancement technologically and influx of people in their country. Additionally, this lead to the
demise of the Chinese Empire.
As examined above, most Empire in the Early Modern Period were not keen on the idea of
Westernization because it degrades the values and culture exhibited by their own
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Renaissance Horse Identity Essay
The horse once dominated human environments, permeating all of society during the Renaissance.
The popularity of this animal produced a unique and influential identity for the horse during this
period, and this identity constituted several parts. With this multifaceted identity, the horse received
new roles in human society. I am attempting to explain these roles of the horse and their effects on
the horse and human. By first explaining the context of the horse and rider of the Renaissance, I set
up a discussion of the specific changes the humans caused in the horse. The transformation of the
horse included changes in identity and perception along with a rider. This new identity stressed a
greater unity between horse and rider, and the reservation of this identity to the elite of society
idealized the horse and rider. Whenever artists and writers depicted the horse and rider, their united
identity associated with the most respected class in Renaissance society. This association caused the
widespread veneration of the horse and rider. Since this new identity constituted multiple parts and
perceptions, explaining each new part is essential to understanding the identity of the Renaissance
horse. Then uniting these identities describes the varied expression and perception of the horse more
clearly than leaving the parts isolated. Finally, I discuss the most important impact of the horse's
identity during the Renaissance and its implications. In this paper, I propose that the

The Discourse Of Shakespeare 's Hamlet ( Rough Draft )
The Discourse of Dance in Shakespeare's Hamlet (Rough Draft)
Alan Brissenden, a noted dance critic and Shakespearean scholar, asserts that "when Shakespeare
uses dance it always contributes to plot, character, or imagery, and sometimes to all of these at one
time ("Jacobean" 249). In the comedies, dance is used in the first few acts of the play to create an
atmosphere of dramatic irony: dance, in its fundamental purpose in the Elizabethan and Jacobean
theater was to create a sense of harmony and goodwill; when paired with the plot of a tragedy, dance
stands in stark contrast to the discord of the final acts. Dance, therefore, makes a "dramatically
relevant comment on the action to follow" (Shakespeare 75). Though extensively covered by
academic discourse, little research has been conducted concerning the use of dance and dance
imagery in Hamlet. Shakespeare uses the discourse of dance and clowning to define Hamlet's
character. Dance does not inform the action, but rather informs the inaction. It defines Hamlet's state
of mind and his lack of desire to escape his melancholy. Dance is a means through which he
criticizes others, criticism which draws these characters into his own madness.
During the Early Modern period, dance had many uses; it was considered a form of medicine, a sign
of religious exaltation, and a social necessity. Dance was a popular form of exercise and hygiene,
keeping the humors in balance and promoting good health much like hunting, walking,

The Visual Characteristics Of Tea And Porcelain In China
The visual sources provided throughout 14.1 – 14.4 assist in showing what items were used, and
why they were there at the time; while the descriptions give us evidence of how the products were
collected. In 14.1, there's many foreign items to take note of in the visual source provided that is Tea
and Porcelain in China. For example, the Porcelain tea cups, teapot, and saucer are all in the image
to show what materials were used at the time. Though the tea cups were manufactured in China,
they were specifically made for the target audience of European buyers. There is evidence of this
shown in the Chinese patterns on the cups and teapots. The Chinese floral designs, clothing styles,
creativity, and more had a major impact on the desires of the elite upper–class in Europe as they had
become widely fascinated with all things Chinese. While the Chinese had realized this liking of their
designs by the European market, they used this to target their buyers by making the teacups with
cultured designs such as the Chinese gardens but also tied in the European style houses to cater to
the tastes of the European consumers. The woman shown in the visual source looks as if she is from
the upper–class. Judging by her silk dress and that she is using the Porcelain cups makes it most
likely that this is the case. If the dress was of unimportance, then there could be the possibility that
she is involved in the trade but I would argue that she is in fact in the elite upper–class. This take

Middle Ages Essay
Middle Ages
The history of the modern world derives from thousands of years of human history. Embedded in its
history are the many eras of man which have constructed our modern learning, art, beliefs, and
order. The middle ages, although represented as "dark", backwards, and idle, were in fact a bridge
linking the classical and modern world. Medieval society may not have been in a sense glorious, but
the era of itself was a prime foundation of the modern world's newfound stability, a revival of the
law and teachings from the classical era, a reinvestment and reform in the church, and a precursor to
the golden age of art.
The government of the middle ages, as convoluted and variable as it was, ended up giving way to a
powerful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
AS revolutionary as the transition was to the feudal system, the practice proved to be efficient in the
modern world.
The influence of universities and merchants, as seen, changed the kingdom. Medieval universities
were first formed in the 12th century AD after a need for educated public officials became evident.
Schools like the Law School at Bologna as well as medical schools gave towns lawyers, judges and
capable local officials. Other schools like the University of Paris taught scholars literature and
theology. The breed of Renaissance thinking was most likely developed in such places. Scholars like
Peter Abelard and Thomas Aquinas led an interest in the study of classical Greek and Roman
philosophy. This interest, along with challenged perspectives of the time eventually led to modern
science. Guilds, as afore–mentioned, were monopolistic practices over certain trades set by
merchants. They virtually eliminated competition and ensured quality. Compared to Renaissance art,
and Shakespearean and Elizabethan literature the precursor saw little. However, works like
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales were popular, and the Gothic architectural style laid a foundation for
many cathedrals and buildings. It is still a dominant facade in today's world and was relished in
modern Western Europe. A powerful education system and study of art are necessary for society's to
flourish and carry it's roots into the next era;

Comparison/Contrast Renaisssance and Baroque Essay
The baroque and renaissance periods are two different periods. The renaissance period rolled into
the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance
period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music.
Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera)
and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art
history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400–1600). It was initially considered to be a corrupt way
of Renaissance by conservatives. The dominant trends in Baroque music correspond to those in
Baroque art and literature. Some features of Baroque art included a sense of movement, energy, and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The renaissance can be divided into two parts Early Renaissance (1420–1500) and High
Renaissance (1500–1520). The Renaissance era was one of the most productive time periods in
history as far as the advancement of music goes. At first it was rigid, structured and learnt by
academic training. The new concept of renaissance music became much more expressive, and the
sound and quality of the instruments became more refined and more pleasant to listen to.
Instruments such as the harpsichord, the spinet, and the lute became more than just accompaniment
for singers; they became a way of expressing emotions. A modern listener can almost picture what
the Renaissance composer or musician was feeling when he or she was writing a piece of music.
The music of the Elizabethan era had a large influence on the advancement of all music. Humanism
was the basic concept of the Italian Renaissance. It is the term used to define that philosophical
movement in Italy at the end of the 14th century and during the 15th and 16th centuries which
asserted the right of the individual to the use of his own reason and belief, and stressed the
importance and potential of man as an individual. [3] This concept can be identified with a belief in
the power of learning and science to produce "the complete man". This was the way of their world
and the basis of their modern civilization. Modern Humanism originated in the Renaissance when
scholars, writers, poets,

Chuorinkan and Kignae Houses in Tokoyo, Japan Essay
Both the Chuorinkan house and the Koganei house are in the To kyo suburbs and were designed at
about the same time. Though they differ structurally and visually, they represent one approach to the
problems they involve. The starting points of both are deliberate quotations and reorganizations of
architectural compositional elements that can be called representative of the early modern period. I
have used the same kind of design approach in other works. For example quotations from motifs
used by Le Corbusier and Charles Rennie Mackintosh are found in the interior of PMT Building No.
1 (JA, September, 1978). Project W and PMT Building No. 2 entail reorganizations of elements
from Le Corbusier's La Roche–Jeanneret House in Paris. And the ... Show more content on
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The coverings of the two houses are different, but both follow the basic modern architectural
principles of free interior planning determined on the basis of function and facades independent of
the interior. The discrepancy between planning and facade inevitably arises from the two demands
imposed on houses today. First, from the outside they must symbolize the idea of «house.» Second,
on the inside, they must be places for daily living. These two houses result from a process of
evolving single spaces without annulling the basic contradiction inherent in the two demands.
The presence and absence of ornamentation markedly contrast the two houses. Stereotyped,
uniplanar ornaments distinguish the Chuori n kan house. The double crisscross grilles in doors and
windows are based on the supports of the punched aluminum rain sutters. Stripes in the exterior
walls suggest columns. Inside circular and curved lines are repeated in the round window in the
master bedroom and in the bench back and the round table in the I iving room. These designs are not
quotations from any specific architecture but completely ordinary applications of stereotyped motifs.
Practically the only ornamental touch in the Koganei house is the horizontal strip windows. They are
considered ornament in this case because they have transcended the personal style of Le Corbusier,
who emp loyed them in his early period, and have become universally recognized symbols of the
socalled international style. Elements

How Did The Renaissance Contribute To The Development Of...
Medicine has become so advanced in the previous centuries that it is a wonder how the medical
discoveries of today have been fueled by those made during the Renaissance. As the mindset of
those living in Europe during that time changed from religion to self–discovery, medical research
began to expand and grow to a more scientific approach. Though several were unable to read, they
became more aware of themselves and humanity compared to their earlier religious views on life,
causing them to take a closer look at the human anatomy. During the English Renaissance,
physicians began to advance the scientific study of medicine leading to the development of modern
medical practices, and making a more profound impact than previous eras.
Before ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The citizens of today are living well beyond their fifties, and some are even living past their
nineties. As more and more citizens began to discover different aspects of life, their approach to
medicine began to change as it neared the end of the Medieval Era.
Though the Church still controlled most hospitals, physicians began to research and experiment with
human anatomy. Before, dissections would be made using animals instead of humans. Soon their
practices were dispelled by a physician, Andreas Vesalius. "Vesalius conducted his own anatomical
dissections on human cadavers and found that Galen's teaching [...] did not always apply to humans"
(Shane 26). At the time, dissecting a human was against the word of God, to do so would be unholy.
The Church began to reconsider after Vesalius' findings but they still did not allow the dissection of
"God fearing bodies." Instead, they allowed for the use of criminal bodies once they were executed,
or even while they were still alive as a source of torture ("History of Medicine" 2011). Though some
may see the practice as inhumane, it opened up many windows for physicians, giving them a chance
to go against the Church but still being able to live with the word of God.
During the early modern period, hospitals in Europe's urban centers [...] came under the control of
nonreligious groups[...] At the same time, more positive ideas of keeping a person's good health and
being cured of sickness suggested that illness was

Rethinking Mercantalism Essay
Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Author(s): Steve Pincus
Reviewed work(s):
Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3–34
Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 .
Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use,
available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp .
JSTOR is a not–for–profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and
build upon a wide range of content in a trusted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Historians, social scientists, and literary critics have by and large accepted Smith's notion that there
was an early modern period of mercantilist consensus. Most of those scholars have associated this
view, at least in part, with the notion that everyone who mattered believed that trade was a zero–sum
game. They have assumed that because land and the raw materials derived from it were the ultimate
measure of wealth in the early modern period, wealth was necessarily finite. Policy makers
operating under these assumptions, we are frequently told, subordinated the interests of the
periphery to the imperatives of the metropolitan core. However, these assumptions, at least about
seventeenth– and eighteenth–century England, are untenable. That realization warrants rethinking
the origins and contours of British imperial rule and the structure of the Atlantic world.
Adam Smith's powerful and stadial view of European commercial development stimulated the
thinking of classical economists. John Ramsay
McCulloch, James Mill, David Ricardo, Nassau Senior, and a host of others castigated the evils of
the mercantile system. But it was in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that scholars in
history, imperial
history,

Renaissance Love in Tristan and Iseult Essay
Renaissance Love in Tristan and Iseult
The modern concept of love owes a great deal to the Humanist tradition of the Renaissance. The
humanists focused on perfection and exaltation of this life as opposed to the afterlife. In Tristan and
Iseult the seeds of Renaissance love are present in the Middle Ages. To the modern eye, it is a
mystery how the period of the Middle Ages produced the seeds of the diametrically opposite
Renaissance. Yet it is necessary to understand this transformation if one is to fully comprehend the
forces that helped produce the modern consciousness. Courtly Love is a transitional concept that
emerged in the Middle Ages. It is transitional because it emerged early and acknowledges God as
the creator of love, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The individual is nothing compared to the needs of the community. Tristan is even willing to give
Iseult the Fair to King Mark: "for the life of King Mark, did Tristan by guile and by force conquer
the Queen of the hair of gold" (37). Tristan is everything a lord could want in a vassal. Yet it is not
Tristan's love for King Mark that is what he is remembered for, but his love for Iseult, which is
portrayed as higher than the feudal system. The love between Tristan and Iseult clearly violates the
social conventions of the Middle Ages. When he falls in love with Iseult, Tristan's initial reaction
concerns his duty to King Mark, "Iseult is yours and I am but your vassal; Iseult is yours and I am
your son; Iseult is yours and may not love me" (43). Thankfully, the Love potion that Tristan drinks
excuses him from his duty to the king. It is necessary in the Middle Ages to assure that Tristan is not
being disloyal. The purity of the love is strengthened by the fact that God sanctifies it, "love dropped
upon them from high heaven" (57). This Love is God given and therefore excused from the
restrictions of feudal society. This mirrors the Humanist belief that man was created in God's image,
thus it is a form of worship to revere man. After Tristan and Iseult have fallen in love, they exhibit
all of the virtues that the Humanists of the Renaissance admired. They focus on the joys of this life
instead of focusing on death and the afterlife. When

Witchcraft And Magic Became A Taboo
The use of witchcraft and magic became a taboo in early modern Europe. Most individuals living in
Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries believed that these witches could connect with a different
realm to influence the world they found themselves in, the natural world. There was no way of
pointing out a witch and so these arbitrary guidelines made by looking at stereotypes that outcasts
had, led them early modern Europe into the witch hunts, where unfair trials meant the lives of
innocent individuals were lost. Through the documents found in The Trial of Tempel Anneke, the
use of witchcraft and other forms of sorcery were sought after to aid in time of need, but the actual
practice of witchcraft and use magic were frowned upon by Christians who linked this practice to
Satan and would culminate with the witch's death after an unfair trial.
For those individuals living in Brunswick during the seventeenth century, it was socially acceptable
to go to witches for help. These witches were seen as unconventional healers, who used herbs as
remedies to treat different ailments. While these remedies were unusual to most, their effectiveness
kept bringing back those who sought a witches services. Even though it was acceptable for
individuals to seek the help of a witch, it was frowned upon for a witch to use magic or any form of
sorcery to aid individuals. The people who turned to witches for help were barely punished, but the
witch in question was severely punished as evidenced by

The Reformation And Its Impact On The Early Modern Period
The reformation was a drastic event in the early modern period that launched Europe into a massive
conflict of widespread violence, through both political and religious factors. The political scene had
remained very much the same before the beginning of the reformation in 1517, with many
philosophers sharing similar ideas on how to handle the issues of sovereignty and private property.
Religion was a long debated factor before the reformation however was brought inadvertently to the
forefront of most political works in the early years of the Protestant Reformation. This event
completely changed the way in which philosophers constructed their political discourse as seen with
More and Martin Luther, who although despite being placed on ... Show more content on
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This shift from promoting an ideal 'Utopia ' in his work to openly and aggressively defending the
Catholic Church is one of the first examples of the Reformations affect on changing political
discourse from criticisms to open violent outbursts and pleas of aggression. Adding to this further is
More 's response to Tyndale in 1531, where More states the Reformation is a genuine danger to all
of Catholic society4. More was eventually executed but stated "I die the Kings faithful servant, but
Gods First"5 revealing although More hated the Reformation, he had stood by his religious values,
including his King, making his political writing still plausible in terms of how an authority, such as a
monarch, could work hand in hand in a religious society. More 's response to Tyndale and final
words shows how much his own way of political discourse had shifted through the years of the
reformation, as he had called for violence in the early years 1517, aggressively insulted protestant
philosophers such as Luther, but had now consorted to reason. Therefore it can be concluded that
many of the philosophers actions during the early years of the Reformation were shock reactions to
this shift in power and apparent attack on the perceived 'Catholic state ' rather than a true change in
political discourse, as many of the underlying religious opinions in political writing has been
retained.
Martin Luther was one of the most important individuals in changing political discourse in the

Religion During The Early Modern Period Essay
Religion was so central to political and military conflict in the early modern period because religion
encompassed the era due to the strongly religious cultural society. The centre of conflict deriving
from the Catholic and Protestant divide, which caused conflict within politics and the military,
because the opposing sides fought over religious territory and popularity. The centre of the conflict
within these sectors of religion was The Reformation and the wars which followed, which created a
struggle for power as different religions gained new support and thus power, and others experienced
reduced power as a result. The resulting political and military turmoil created the growth of
secularism, which attempted to stabilize politics and the military by increasing control. Therefore
religion was so central to political and military conflict in the early modern period because the
period was so strongly religious that it had more of an impact on political and military conflict than
any other factor, because it was held in a higher regard than politics and the military sustained
individually.
Religion in the early modern period was the source of people's identity because people were
strongly religious due to religious values encompassing the way that society functioned due to the
strongly religious culture, a strong contrast with today. "Popular religious practices and beliefs were
actually derived from liturgical paradigms of an incredibly vivacious late medieval Catholic

Movies Cause Failure In Relationships
According to recent studies, the average American takes about 3,500 to 5,000 marketing messages a
day and spends about 41 hours per week using technology such as cell phones, TV and internet.
Living rooms of the modern era are centered around a TV, in our modern age we all grow up
drowning in a sea of technology and social media. Videos, movies, books, television, internet and
the social media sites all clamor for our attention. From an early age, television, movies and books
provides a false idea of what romantic relationships are like and what it should be. There is nothing
like life Prince Charming, it does not really exist, and the hero does not always save the girl. I really
think that the movies today in our community is nothing more than a propaganda only because it
teaches us the wrong things about relationships that are not true and many times not possible in our
community. These brings me to the point that I am trying to get across is that, Social media, movies
and TV teaches us things about relationships that are not possible and are wrong, which causes
failure in relationships. Consider these examples from the movie that shows how movies cause
failure in relationships. I have also seen many movies that clearly demonstrate how movies, social
media sites and media cause failure in relationship. One of the best example would be the movie
Notebook. There is a scene from the movie where the main character says, I wrote you 365 letters, I
wrote you every day for a

A Brief Note On The Early Modern Period
Pax Angeliene
Professor Daniel Johnson
History 162
12 October 2014
Midterm Essay
During the Early Modern Period, International trade routes reached from the Indian
Ocean/Mediterranean Sea to the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and for the first time created a global
exchange. Although Europe, Africa, Asia, Islamic Empires, and the Americas vary politically, socio–
culturally, and economically, they all were forging new global economies and new biological and
socio–cultural exchanges.
The Europeans wanted to expand their international reach, in order to: meet the demand for spices,
find new sources of precious metal, find new trade routes, and spread Christianity. The impact of
European conquest resulted with violence and disease, surviving natives then encountered new
political, social, and economic organizations, imposed by Europeans. The exchange of goods and
people between Europe and the New World brought diseases to the Americas; it also brought new
crops, and eventually altered consumption patterns across the globe. The Spanish established the
encomienda system, in which the conquerors had the right to employ Native Americans as laborers
or to demand tribute from them in exchange for providing food and shelter, it was a legalized
slavery. A large decline in the Native's population was caused by diseases introduced by the
Europeans, as well as being overworked. Forced labor diverted local people from tending to their
own crops, leading to malnutrition, and reduced

Comparing Merchant’sThe Death of Nature and Thomas’ Man...
Comparing Merchant'sThe Death of Nature and Thomas' Man and the Natural World
The works of Carolyn Merchant and Keith Thomas pertain to the same subject matter and even to
the same time period. Nevertheless, in comparing their interpretations of the evidence and the
presentation of their arguments concerning the history of mankind's relationship with nature in
Tudor and Stuart England through the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, we find that they are
quite different. Merchant presents us with a rather one–sided, retrospective attack on science as the
root of all environmental evil, while Thomas offers a relatively neutral, prospective look at how the
people of this time reacted to the changing views of nature and what, exactly, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
She assimilates Bacon's ideas about science and nature into her argument saying, "The new man of
science must not think that the 'inquisition of nature is in any part interdicted or forbidden.' Nature
must be 'bound into service' and made a 'slave,' put 'in constraint' and 'molded' by the mechanical
arts" (169).
This doctrine of nature as an inert, unfeeling machine that Bacon and his contemporaries advocate
so adamantly seems to have changed forever the belief in organicism, or, that all living beings are an
equal part of nature. "The natural magician [the organicist] saw himself as operating within the
organic order of nature–he was a manipulator of parts within that system, bringing down the
heavenly powers to the earthly shrine" (169). In Merchant's opinion, the abandonment of this
organic view of nature in favor of Bacon's mechanical view led to the "death of the world soul and
the removal of nature's spirits" which "helped to support increasing environmental destruction by
removing any scruples that might be associated with the view that nature was a living organism"
(227). With this throwing off of the moral yoke, Bacon and his fellow man were free to do with
nature what they would.
Keith Thomas, however, has a very different opinion of science and the role it played in the natural
world in the early modern period. The concept of change is integral to his book, Man and the
Natural World. While Merchant believes that science was the downfall of

The Glass As Half Full
Arati M. Jambotkar
ENGL 520
Short Paper
2 October 2014
The Glass as Half–Full: A Reflection of the Unseen in "Sappho to Philaenis"
Skepticism surrounding John Donne's "Sappho to Philaenis" relates to the fact that the societal
structure at the time the poem was written was one dominated by heterosexual, misogynistic men,
suggesting that Donne's treatment of female homosexuality was geared towards the satiation of
these heterosexual males' desires, these men being his primary audience at the time. However, the
significance of Donne's poem must be explored on another level. In contrast to the view that the
piece was meant to represent a male dominant society, an alternate view is that the poem originates
from a place of protofeminism and a pioneering sexual outlook on Donne's part. In "Sappho to
Philaenis," the purity and secrecy of the two women's sexuality functions as a significant argument
for the validity of same–sex relationships; Donne makes the invisible the erotic, thereby defining a
discourse for lesbianism. Early modern literature penned by heterosexual males and referencing
lesbian relationships should not be dismissed as being inauthentic and inaccurate depictions solely
based on the fact that a male perspective is given with regard to these relationships. James Holstun
claims that Donne takes the concepts of sameness, oneness, and mirroring in "Sappho to Philaenis"
and infuses a heterosexist judgment, viewing lesbianism from a sterile, impersonal

The Renaissance: The Challenges Of Women In The Renaissance
Women in the Renaissance
The Renaissance was a time where women were not looked at as any importance to the people
around them higher up the line. While researching the common theory and searching for further
explanation to clear why women in the Renaissance period had to deal with regarding the benefits of
being a woman as well that hardships it entailed. Most importantly what women had to face, how
they overcame the difficulty and the solutions that were made to over come their struggles daily.
Problems women back in the Renaissance faced were their appearance on a daily bias and how they
lived their lives. During the Renaissance period women had a very strict look to try to achieve this
look to people in modern day times might ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Works Cited
Artist, Leza The Makeup. "Ideals of Beauty – The Renaissance." Lezamakeup, 22 Jan. 2013,
lezamakeup.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/ideals–of–beauty–the–renaissance/.
"Citelighter is the fast, fun, and easy way to do research." Citelighter, www.citelighter.com/film–
media/fashion/knowledgecards/womens–fashions–of–the–medieval–era.
Caterina van Hemessen, www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/vanhemessen–c.html.
"Women's biographies: Distinguished Women of Past and Present." Women's biographies:
Distinguished Women of Past and Present, www.distinguishedwomen.com/.
Detrick, Tamera. "Western Notes." Grand Rapids Community College, Grand Rapids.
"Renaissance Women." Renaissance Women: Their New Role in Society, renaissance–
spell.com/Renaissance–Women.html.
Women from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment,

Crime And Punishment In The Middle Ages
The purpose of this essay is to analyze what crime and punishment was like during the middle ages
and early modern world. In the middle ages, which started from the 5th century all the way through
to the 15th century, and through early modern time which was between 15th century to around the
late 18th century, crime and punishment started to differ from what it did in the past. In the
preceding years crime and punishment would be formed around cultural beliefs or by what a ruler
thought was acceptable and also revolved around Roman Churches which was now being replaced
by Germanic people. Now it has changed in to more of a law and church, concept and in addition to
that the renewal of the penitentiary system.
To begin with, the middle ages of crime and punishment in western Europe, which was stated above
ranged from the time of the 5th century through the 15 century, was acknowledged for feudalist
ideas. Feudalism can be defined as the aristocrats of Europe having control of the lands in exchange
for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The knot which has been stated before in the previous paragraph has a lashing device, had
sometimes caused accidental deaths. Russia used torture instead of capital punishment to extracting
information, punishment, and "refinement of execution."
In conclusion, the intent of this essay was to explain the transformation between crime and
punishment during the middle ages and the early modern times. During the middle ages crime and
punishment was centralized around if the state was non–feudalism or feudalism. Throughout the
times of the early modern era it seemed as though some countries like England where all for adding
more less serious crimes to punishable by execution. At the same time Russia had abolished capital
punishment in means to use torture instead by reasons of obtaining information from the

Essay on Shakespeare: A Literary Grandmaster
One does not simply become the father of English literature. To be coined such a grandiose title
requires the approval of many, and especially the king of England. Although an entertaining
storyline does earn one respect as a writer/poet. It was Shakespeare's masterful use of literary
devices that garners the respect and acknowledgement of many modern day professors. In Act 3,
Scene 1, Hamlet begins a soliloquy in which Shakespeare showcases his literary genius. A literary
device that is often overlooked in the Early Modern period of Europe is the utilization of soliloquys
to give insight to a character's inner thoughts. Perhaps the most famous line in English literature:
"To be or not to be..." is at the start of a soliloquy. Soliloquys ... Show more content on
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The use of this antithesis grabs the audience's attention and informs the audience of one of the plays
most prominent themes. Shakespeare also deploys the art of metonymy from his arsenal of creative
devices. Metonymy is a special form of metaphor that substitutes the name of one thing with
something it is closely associated with. In Act 3, Scene 1, Hamlet says: "That flesh is heir to–'tis a
consummation/Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep––/To sleep, perchance to dream," (3.1 72–4).
In this example, sleep represents death. Another literary device that the Bard uses is parallel
structure, which is the use of several phrases continuously with similar grammatical structure to
create rhythm. For example, when Hamlet says: "Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's
contumely,/The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,/The insolence of office, and the spurns/That
patient merit of th' unworthy takes,/When he himself might his quitetus make," (3.1 79–83). These
phrases all sound similar in structure, and thus it gives the passage more rhythm and draws attention
to life's woes. Lastly, Shakespeare also utilizes metaphors to give his writing more flare. For
example, Hamlet compares "The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" and "The whips and
scorns of time" to the problems of life. Because slings, arrows, whips, and scorns all to pain, Hamlet
lets

The Renaissance Period
The argument being put forward in this dissertation is that the Renaissance in Europe, with specific
emphasis on Italy, during the 15th Century, was the most influential period in developing the 'early
modern' human society. Many believe that this was due to its almost perfect location between
Western Europe and the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean. By analysing various factors and
sources, as well as different aspects of society, for example political factors and the views of
contemporary texts, it will provide enlightening insight into the changes made during the
Renaissance period and how these changes are still reverberating. I believe that this question is an
important one to study and to answer correctly and accurately because it means that we can trance
back the origins of our society today and how it has evolved from, arguably, a more primitive one in
terms of breakthroughs and technology.
First of all, it is important to understand what the Renaissance period was all about and what it
encumbered. The Renaissance period (French: 'Rebirth') is a progressive cultural movement that
lasted for roughly 3 centuries, from the 14th to the 17th (roughly 1330– 1600), and is often referred
to as 'the bridge between the Middle Ages and a Modern Era' (*1). The 'Rebirth' of a society,
specifically Italy, was recognition of the past but also that it was separate from the present in terms
of belief or ideology for example. This meant that a transitional phase occurred as past

The Between Cressida And Troilus And Cressida Essay
PANDARUS [...] Have you any eyes? Do you know what a man is? Is not birth, beauty, good shape,
discourse, manhood, learning, gentleness, virtue, youth, liberality, and so forth the spice and salt that
seasons a man?
CRESSIDAAy, a minced man... (1.2.231–236)
This conversation between Cressida and Pandarus demonstrates the representation of masculinity in
both Coriolanus and Troilus and Cressida. Each of them is concerned with ideas of honour and
military prowess in relation to the male identity, drawing on the masculine ideals of Roman
antiquity – a prominent notion during the early modern period – as is evident in Pandarus' notions of
'what a man is'. Shakespeare does not, however, endorse these notions in the plays; his handling of
the subject is reminiscent more of Cressida's response in this passage, suggesting that the same
qualities which make a man can also effeminize him. This essay will examine how this paradoxical
nature of manhood and its arbitrary relations to honour and women are exposed in the plays.
In the world of Coriolanus, violent and aggressive masculinity is set on a pedestal by the people of
Rome. This is evident in Volumnia's attitude towards raising children – applauding wounds
Coriolanus has received in battle and even going as far as saying that
The breasts of Hecuba,
When she did suckle Hector, looked not lovelier
Than Hector's forehead when it spit forth blood
At Grecian sword, contemning. (1.3.37–40)
Intimacy has no place in this violently

Selena Gomez Power And Influence On Society
She has starred in critically acclaimed films, a hit television show, and has made music that has
reached the top 10 on the Billboard hot 100 chart. She is none other than Selena Gomez. As a triple
threat, fashion trend setter, and social media icon, Gomez retains substantial power and influence in
society. In this case, she gained power through her acting and singing career, as well as people's
admiration of her. Within the modern era, social media translates into how much power a person
has. Selena Gomez is one of the biggest influencers of today by having the most instagram followers
at a jaw–dropping 127 million. While being labeled as the "Queen of Instagram", Selena Gomez
uses her referent power and gigantic social media platform to shed light on issues within modern
society.
To clarify, Selena Gomez holds an abundance of power and influence in society, being the most
followed person on Instagram. She reaches over 127 million people with a push of a button. Her
huge social media following has given her many brand deals with companies such as Coach, Louis
Vuitton, Pantene, Verizon, and Coca–Cola. With her mass following, she has the power to influence
people to buy certain products. Selena Gomez is not only a fashion influencer or a trend setter, but
she also has a voice in the political world. Gomez is a huge advocate in making change in the world,
and uses social media to help get her opinions across. After President Donald Trump decided to end
the program of Deferred

James Franco : A Short Biography Of A Modern Day...
Gabe Torres
November 1, 2016
World Studies ⅞
Busby/Morss
Modern Day Renaissance Man
By definition, a Renaissance man is an individual who has acquired profound knowledge or
proficiency in more than one field. Normally, a Renaissance man is from the Renaissance time
period (1400–1600). A modern day Renaissance man is a term used for those who have
accomplished multiple achievements but exists in the modern era. James Franco is a man that fits
the title. Franco has had success as an actor, Broadway actor, director, author, screenwriter,
producer, painter, model, host, musician, volunteer, humanitarian, and a college student attending
multiple prestigious colleges (The 11 Professions of James Franco). James Franco is the star of
popular movies such as Spider Man, Milk, Pineapple Express, and the list goes on. Because James
Franco is an actor, teacher, and a musician, James Franco is a modern day Renaissance man.
To begin, James Franco is a prestigious actor. Franco's acting career started in the late 1990s, when
he played Daniel Desario on the short–lived but critically acclaimed TV series Freaks and Geeks
(James Franco, Modern–Day Renaissance Man). Since that time, Franco has been awarded acting
awards which include a Golden Globe, a Berlin International film festival award, two Broadcast
Critics awards, two Central Ohio Critic awards, and many more for his honorable acting talent
(Awards). This shows that James Franco is an outstanding actor because all of awards he has

The Phases And Development Of The Early Modern English Period
The Early Modern English phase (1500–1800) was followed after the Middle English Era. The
Modern English phase is sub divided into the early and late phases. The Late Mordern English phase
is followed by the Modern English phase. By the end of the Middle English Era, the great vowel
shift had begun. Events that took place during this era helped in shaping the English language the
way it is today. British was in contact with many other countries. This lead to the development of
new words and phrases and hence a greater addition in vocabulary. Development of new words
created a need for a dictionary. The first English dictionary was published in 1604. During this
period English language was re–establishing itself. William Caxton was the first ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women have the right to continue to work for achieving their dreams even after having children.
Women have a great responsibility of managing their children and family along with their jobs.
Everyone has the capability to fulfil their responsibilities very efficiently provided they are willing
to work hard. Refutation Points 1. "You can't be a great mum and keep working all the time" , says
Emma Thompson in the article "Working women can't be great moms" 2. "Children of working
parents are more obese. They are more likely to act out and misbehave and they face more health
problems, including asthma and accidents" says Sasha Brown–Worsham in the article "Children of
Working Mothers Speak Out: Let's Listen" 3. "Children with working mothers have low early
education level" says the author of "Working Mothers Negative Effects On Young Children" The
major points I wish to make in this essay are 1. Being a great mum is not just about spending time
with children a. Sometimes being with your children and scolding them makes the situation even

Urbanization And Commercialization On Literature
The Effects of Urbanization and Commercialization on Literature
Nature is inescapable. It surrounds humanity and sneaks its way into daily life. Society draws on
experiences with the environment to produce art, theater, and literature. As Tim Ingold, a professor
of Social Anthropology, explains, "... nature furnishes the substance, culture the form." The
imaginary worlds of stories are created from sensations gained from the environment, and culture is
a medium that guides the writer in expressing his or her tale. Tales of Moonlight and Rain (1776) by
Ueda Akinari was written during a time of pilgrimages, uprisings, and intellectual pursuits. Though
set in the past, the book shows the influences of his environment within his nine ghost stories. The
continued urbanization and commercialization of society influenced the literature produced in the
early modern period, as well as views on the supernatural, by expanding on the themes of travel,
loyalty, and philosophy as shown in Akinari's Tales of Moonlight and Rain.
As Japan became more urbanized and roads improved, many commoners became enthralled by the
opportunity to explore the world around them. However, since simply traveling to see the world was
prohibited by the shogunate, many explored the world through pilgrimages. These travelers wrote
dairies and poetry that described the sights and sounds they experience, expanding the culture of
travel through their literature. According to Anthony H. Chamber, the translator of

Feudal Society In The Middle Ages
Medieval Times – Feudal Society And Knights Essay
The basic government and society in Europe during the middle ages was based around the feudal
system. Small communities were formed around the local lord and he owned everything in it. After
the fall of the Roman Empire, a lot of the Roman culture and knowledge was the lost. This included
items such as art to technology. The Medieval period went from 500AD to 1500AD, it was a long
period in history which lasted for 1000 years. This time in history was a time of castles and peasants
and the main leader was Joan of Arc. It was seperated into social hierachy which was called
feudalism. Most of the people living were peasants and they had a very hard life. Although the
feudal system was believed to help the lives of those living in the time. They were the Pope, the
King, the Barons, the Knights, the Farmers and the Craftsmen and then last were the Landless
Peasents. The feudal system links back to the modern era as ... Show more content on
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The king is the leader, the king was the leader of the land. The king could not control the land all by
himself so he had to divide it up amongst the Barons. The Barons would then pledge their loyalty to
the king. When one king had stayed in power for a long time he was then granted a dynasty and
when a king died his son would then take on the role of a king. The bishop in the feudal system was
the top church leader. The Catholic Church made the bishop very powerful in most parts of
Medieval Europe. The peasents were the lowest of the feudal system and they had a very rough life
as they were always working for others. Although some peasents were free and they could own their
small businesses such as bakers. Although most of them were like slaves. They had no ownership of
anything and they had pledged to their lord. They worked 6 days a week and often barely had
enough food to survive. The peasents had a very hard

"The difference between medieval and early modern is one...
The medieval and early modern periods were eras with distinctive issues and ideals. Some of their
key themes were very similar, such as the importance of religion and the role it played in everyday
life, while other matters were unique to their time, such as the medieval selling of indulgences, or
the early modern Reformation of the Church. These examples illustrate clearly the mixture of
change and stasis in the two ages, as a subject shared by both periods yielded so great a diversity of
issues. The distinction of the eras makes it evident that some change did occur, but as the period of
time between them was not very great, the change must be limited. Everyman and Dr Faustus are
respectively medieval and early modern drama texts that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
His play provides a mocking critique of religious customs, and particularly ridicules Catholic rituals.
Marlowe dresses Mephostophilis in the habit of an old Franciscan friar, as Faustus comments "That
holy shape becomes a devil best," illustrating an air of contempt for the Catholic clergy. He further
associates Catholicism with evil and devilry as he conjures Mephostophilis by chanting in Latin, the
language of the Catholic Church. This mockery of Catholicism may be testament to contemporary
social attitudes rather than the personal view of Marlowe himself. In the medieval era, it was highly
uncommon for anybody to speak out against the Church, either through fear or because it was all
they knew, but the Reformation encouraged writers to criticise the papacy and the earlier Church,
often as a form of public entertainment. Writers often allied Catholic characters with themes of
idiocy or ineptitude, as Marlowe does in his portrayal of Pope Adrian as "a humourless
megalomaniac, void...of commonsense" . Marlowe manipulated the public disdain of Catholicism to
criticise established religion in general, challenging many commonly held views, especially
regarding forgiveness and salvation. Everyman's central theme suggests that God's mercy

The Early Modern Period Of The English Language
England from the 16th to 18th century was undergoing an immense change in its social structure and
cultural practice due to the innovations from the Renaissance (late 15th to early 17th C), the
Reformation (16th to 17th C) and the Scientific Revolution (17th to 18th C). Firmly situated in this
context is the Early Modern Period of the English language, starting from approximately 1500 CE
and continuing through to 1700 CE, which saw the language move from Middle English (1100–
1500 CE) into a language more recognisable to the one spoken by English speakers today. Crucial to
these transformations are the introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in
1476 and the influence of role of Latin in European education during this period. These
circumstances shaped the use of and attitudes towards English, especially in relation to its
standardization, definition of 'correct' English and the spread of literacy. Ultimately, transforming
English into a language respected and highly appreciated in this period.
The printing press set up in Westminster by William Caxton in 1476 was the first of its kind in
England and is frequently taken to be the date that marks "the emergence of Early Modern English".
This innovation also marks the beginning of the standardization, and eventually regulation, of the
English language, thus greatly impacting the use of English in this period and moving forwards into
the present. Previously, English spelling was greatly varied in its

The Early Modern Era Between The 1500s And The 1800s
The timespan between the 1500s and the 1800s is commonly regarded as the "Early Modern Era" of
European history. This period directly follows the Middle Ages and ends around the time of the
French Revolution, which thereafter the "modern" period seemingly begins. This specific era
consists of profound and significant developments in Europe's economic history and here we can see
the beginnings of capitalism. This early modern period experienced important technological
advances, the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Church, the formation of banking
systems and savings, nation–state building, mercantilism and the beginnings of industrialization.
The economic ideas that emerged during this period are markedly different and some times at odds
with those that prevailed just right before during the Middle Ages. The early 1500's began with a
burst of economic activity, which is largely credited to the important technological advances that
occurred in Europe during this time, which then led to relatively rapid economic, social and political
changes throughout Europe.
The period preceding the Early Modern Era, the Middle Ages, reflects a society that is much
different to the world we see today. The Middle Ages can be characterized as a decentralized society
where the Church held great influence in both politics, economics and the society as a whole. The
economy placed much greater emphasis on agriculture, with Feudalism as the prevailing system of
society. What came with

Absolutism And The Renaissance The Reformation
The Renaissance is known as a turning point in the history and produced essential changes in all
areas of European society and knowledge. During this time period there was a newfound interest in
philosophy and the importance of understanding the world. Scholars of this time looked at Greek
and Roman ideas about the world, as well as expanding on the idea of humanism and the shift away
from the church. The increase of humanism put more emphasis on the state and the individual and
less emphasis on the clergy. Challenges to Church authority through the Renaissance and Scientific
Revolution helped to inspire the Reformation, which we see with Martin Luther's 95 theses.
Renaissance art and architecture additionally brought vibrancy to churches throughout ... Show
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This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations–social, political, and
cultural–of the early modern age. The Renaissance renewed interest in classical culture, which led to
far reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world. This era led to the rediscovery of the
idea of Greek city–states, the direct democracy, arts, literature and philosophy. The idea of natural
law and the ideal man were reinvented and Plato's book The Republic developed this idea that
reason was better than power, which is ironic when we look at the age of absolutism. Before the Age
of Absolutism and after the Renaissance we had the Roman Empire, which was a republic and had
separate branches of government with senate. Between the Renaissance and the Age of Absolutism,
there was a rise of university literacy, a movement away from one central church and authority, and
increase in scientific inquiry and independence of thought and a movement towards child–centered
education. These two eras had many positive contributions to western civilization, as well as those
that hurt civilization. Without the Renaissance and the shifting to an absolute monarchy, our society
and government would be vastly

Compare And Contrast Modern Day And Renaissance
Modern Day vs. Renaissance Medical Practices
A man walked out of the doctors office, he had just been told that he had an incurable kind of
cancer, and was given 15 years to live. Most people who had this cancer didn't know they had it
until it was too late, this man was lucky. The doctors wouldn't have been able to do this without the
advancement in technology, machines, etc. That man was my grandpa, and he is still living with that
cancer. The medicine and technology used to diagnose my grandpa was prefaced by the medical
advancements of the Renaissance. Although being a doctor during the Renaissance period would've
been a life changing experience, being a doctor in modern time would be far superior. Modern
doctors are trusted, do to having ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There have been many advances in the medical field such as; anesthesia, drugs, machines, etc. This
has helped the doctors find alternative solutions to problems, and in return has helped them save
more lives. In the article "Medicine" by Britannica, "Many new advances in anesthesia, and these in
turn depend upon engineers who have devised machines and chemists produced new drugs. Other
operations are made possible by new materials, such as the alloys and plastics that are used to make
artificial hip and knee joints." Advances in the medical field have truly helped modern doctors.
Without the medicine, machines, technology they have now there's no way the doctors could have
saved the same amount of lives. As Brian Ward, the author of "The Story of Medicine", states in his
book, "Despite opposition, revolutionary scientists and doctors persevered and made some ground
breaking discoveries," (Ward 22). Even though the doctors during the Renaissance had little
technology, they still made discoveries that impacted the medical field. The discoveries made by the
Renaissance doctors were life saving. However, with the given technology that is commonly found
in modern day society doctors are able to impact the medical and scientific fields and by doing so,
save more lives than thought possible during the Renaissance. Within the article "Medicine" written
by Britannica, it shows the importance of, "Many other developments in modern surgical treatment
rest on a firm basis of experimentation, often first in animals but also in humans; among them are
Renal dialysis (artificial kidney), arterial bypass operations, embryo implantation, and exchange
transfusions." Although testing on animals is cruel, it shows that modern doctors were not just
experimenting on people. The modern doctors had a thought process to reduce the amount of deaths
due to

The Night Battles and Peasants of Early Modern Europe
The Night Battles
Composing of most of the European population in the 1500's and 1600's, peasants played an
important role in the development of Europe. In his book The Night Battles, Carlo Ginzburg gives a
unique perspective on the lives of Friulian peasants through the analysis of inquisitorial records.
During the inquisitions, peasants were categorized as witches or benandanti, which literally means
well–farer. "The benandanti were a small group of men and women, who because they were born
with a caul, were regarded as professional antiwitches. They told inquisitors that, in dreams, they
fought ritual battles against witches and wizards to protect their villages and harvests from harm."
(Ginzburg. Back Cover) Although the lives of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
23) The lives of most peasants from the early modern period also depended on agriculture, as most
lived on farmland and depended on a good harvest for money and freedom. However, in order to
protect their crops, the early modern peasant depended on farming techniques and tools such as the
"three–field system" and innovations such as the use of mills and metal harvesting. (Merriman. 15)
Although their ways of taking care of their crops differed, nonetheless, agriculture was perhaps the
single most important part of a peasant's life.
Two similarities between the Friulian benandanti and the average peasant of the early modern
period, is the fact that they are both uneducated and subsequently influenced very easily. These two
things come hand–in hand, as the education level of peasants made it easy for them to be influenced.
Early modern peasants contributed greatly to the rise of the Renaissance and the Reformation
particularly because of their vulnerability to outside influences. Although education was limited for
the upper class during the Renaissance, and books were limited, the minds of Christian peasants
were also subjected to change during the time. This was no different for benandanti peasants who
according to Ginzburg were also introduced to humanism. Peasant, Niccolo Pellizzaro was
condemned in 1595 for saying that "the benedictions which priests

Arete In The Golden Age ) Art, Architecture And Art
The concept of areté in Classical Greek (AKA Golden Age) art, architecture, or thought wc. 249
Arete is an ancient Greek term that describes a man's effectiveness at reaching his full potential and
quality of being best. The arete of something is the highest quality state it can reach. Using arete as a
principle for living life means that you are focused on the quality of everything you do and
experience. Take actions that focus on arete and avoid actions that lack arete. The Golden age is
typically defined as a time of great prosperity and learning. Significant contributions by
philosophers, scholars, and politicians created advancements in thought, art, technology, literature,
and science. As a result, society experienced a period of great excellence and virtue that is still seen
today. Art and architecture during the golden age emphasized the accomplishments of human
beings. Although most art and architecture were meant to commemorate the gods, they were created
in the image of people. Sculpting was a huge influence during this time, artists began to sculpt
people in more relaxed postures with more defined features. The sculptures were meant to create
lifelike images of near perfection like the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the statue of Athena at
Parthenos. The architecture was intertwined with their art detailed and to perfection to the human
eye. A big part of their architecture was the column that can be seen in more infrastructure, like the
Parthenon. Three types

Sports of the Renaissance Essay
James Naismith, creator of basketball, used a soccer ball as the first basketball. The game of soccer
was originally played with an inflated animal bladder that was surrounded with leather (Leibs 67).
Just as in every sport, as time evolves, so do the materials being played with. The materials begin
becoming more durable, controllable, and affordable. During the Renaissance period, many sports
were evolved and took a turn for the better. Although many sports were introduced during the
Renaissance period; football, lawn bowling, and tennis were the three main sports that influenced
today's time period the most. The Renaissance period was a time of change and rebirth. During this
period, the rise of the Middle Class occurred. With the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As time evolved, the ball was eventually made out of a leather material. With this leather material,
the ball became more durable and controllable. The rules back in the Renaissance were way
different than the rules today. During the Renaissance, the game was commonly played between two
streets, 27 men played on each side, and there were no strict rules or penalties. These rules impacted
today's in many different ways. Today, a field is 100 yards long and 60 yards wide. There are only
11 players on each team, and there are many strict rules. If it were not for the Renaissance period,
Soccer would have never evolved into the great sport that many people love today. Many people
enjoyed this sport during the Renaissance, which led to the popularity of the sport today. "Soccer is
probably the most popular sport in the world, though it is most popular in European, African, and
Latin American nations" ("Soccer"). Just like soccer, another sport that greatly influenced the
modern day was Lawn Bowling. Lawn Bowling, also known as Bowls, influenced today's modern
sport called Bocce Ball. Bowls originated from the Romans and "Descended from the universal
pastime of throwing rocks or pebbles at targets on the ground" (Leibs 73). By the beginning of the
Renaissance, this sport was popular among all classes of society. Some popular equipment that was
used in the game was weighted balls, the jack, and the Trigg. Each player had four wooden balls,
with a

Advancements Of The Early Modern Period Medicine
It is difficult to decide whether the developments, inventions and discoveries of the Early Modern
Period contributed to European power or whether it contributed to European progress. The reason
this is, is because in the case of Europe, especially in this time period, power and progress seemed to
go hand in hand. In the case of discovery the countries that had the most power led the way in
discovering new land, it was this curiosity in expanding power that led to the progress of new
worlds and opportunities. The invention of the printing press contributed to providing knowledge
and therefore an aspect of power to people who did not have it beforehand and it was the progress of
medicines and sciences that ensured not only the power and 'superiority' of European knowledge but
also the ability to progress to the next level of knowledge.
From the beginnings of the Early Modern Period medicine was essentially summed up in high
mortality rates and the notion that men and women were two completely different people
anatomically, treatments were largely herbal and the type of doctor you went to see depended on
what was wrong with you and if you could afford them . "Attaining and preserving a state of health,
therefore, required balance, and that equilibrium was inherently elusive and easily forfeited" .
However, while there was some progress in this field throughout the period it was not as drastic as
one would expect, the Galenic body of the four humours was still a dominant

Food in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essays
Food in Hamlet by William Shakespeare
Unlike some of Shakespeare's other plays Hamlet doesn't seem to contain as many references to
food. When researching food in reference to The Merry Wives of Windsor, it was easy to see much
of the symbolism behind the many references. One of the most interesting references to food in
Hamlet we discussed in class. I found it really interesting how Shakespeare used posset as a way to
describe poison clotting in the ear. Unfortunately though, references like this are few and far
between in Hamlet. One scene that I found fascinating was in act four, scene five. This is the scene
where, apparently mad, Ophelia begins to distribute various flowers. These flowers, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next herb that Ophelia distributes is fennel. While she doesn't say what this is for, in the version
of Hamlet edited by Mowat and Westine, a side note adds that, "fennel symbolized flattery and
deceit" (216). I believe she distributed the fennel to Claudius. Ophelia has now been deceived by
Hamlet, abandoned by her father's death, and left with controlling Laertes. Needless to say, Ophelia
is probably really wary of males at this point in her life. The flattery that the fennel stands for would
make it an appropriate gift to a King and it can mask the fact that it also represents deceit. I think
Ophelia knew that Claudius was up to no good, especially with his speedy marriage and ill treatment
of Hamlet. The deceit could also stand for Claudius using Ophelia to deceive Hamlet in order to
discern his true mental state. After examining all this information it seems only fitting that Ophelia
would distribute the fennel to the King.
Ophelia continues distributing her herbs, however this time she saves some for herself, "There's rue
for you, and here is some for me; we/ may call it herb of grace o' Sundays" (217). While it is unclear
exactly what this herb is, Ophelia is sure the meaning is not lost. By representing rue I feel that not
only did Ophelia keep this herb for herself, I believe she also gave

The Development Of Exploration And The Industrial Revolution
Many historians refer to the time between 'Exploration" and "The Industrial Revolution" as era of
"Early Modern History". In between 'Exploration" and "The Industrial Revolution" were markers
known as "Reformation" and "Enlightenment". This was a time where nations became established
and grew increasingly curious of the world around them. Several technological and intellectual
advances occurred during this era. Early modern history began with the "Exploration" period and
ended with the "Industrial Revolution". To begin with, exploration began when countries began to
ponder the world around them more. In Portugal (1415), Prince Henry wanted to travel to Northern
Africa so that Portugal could cut the muslims out of the gold and salt trade. This became known as
the Moorish Crusades. After the Moorish Crusades, schools for exploration began to open in
Europe. When the schools were created, more and more people became interested in traveling to
other countries to expand their own economy, spread religion, and to win glory (Beck, Crowston,
Davila, Ebrey, McKay and Wiesner– Hanks 461, 462).
Explorers such as Columbus and Magellan revolutionized Europe. Columbus's desire to spread
Christianity to new lands causes him to discover a route from Europe to Asia (Beck, Crowston,
Davila, Ebrey, McKay and Wiesner– Hanks 462). Magellan's fleet finds a way to get around
America , and becomes the first to sail around the world. Although many explorers tried to find a
way through the

The Importance Of British Literature
British literature has been a controversial subject for a very long time throughout history. The main
topics of its importance or there lack is one of the most significant debates in today's modern age.
American studies have to this day been about British literature, but is it reasonable that we should
study it? Not only is there a big debate about British literature being taught in America, but more
explicitly being taught in high school. Many literary scholars think that reasons of why or why not
coincide with the two. More scholars lean to the opinion that British literature should not be taught
in high school. Furthermore, educators justify their beliefs, but also give practical, logical, and
useful ideology that supports the theory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Adams (2013) "The age of chivalry is gone: that of sophisters, economists, and
calculators has succeeded; and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever". He said there for
himself that chivalry is no longer relevant, so why should high school student have to learn about?
This goes to prove why British literature should not be taught in high school because chivalry is a
huge component of it and chivalry is dead. In the words of Adams (2013) "Chivalry is best defined
as a medieval knightly system, with its religious, moral, and social code". This means that men
should be kind noble and fair to everyone. It is, in reality, a set of moral rules that one should follow.
We hardly ever see any of this in today's society. It is hardly ever that someone holds the door for
another, or helping an elder across the street, or even walking neighborhood dogs. These examples
would be perfect for modern chivalry, but we just don't see it in our modern world.
A Discussion on Chivalry When discussing medieval chivalry, the topic of modern chivalry should
never arise. Modern chivalry or their lack of is completely and utterly different than that of medieval
chivalry. Chivalry has changed and some may say have died out throughout the ages. It is an entirely
different world that we live in today than that of two–thousand years ago. Why should we discuss it
in modern times, if there is no relation to the lack of contemporary

The Early Modern Period

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The Early Modern Period