Typhoid brief introduction

1. 1
Typhoid
Group Assignment 02
Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Lab 2B
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Abbottabad-Pakistan
2017
Typhoid

2. 2
Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease, caused by Salmonella typhi. Or an infectious
bacterial fever with an eruption of red spots on the chest and abdomen and severe intestinal
irritation.
History:
A physician in Paris first described typhoid fever in 1829. The first vaccine to prevent
typhoid fever was introduced in 1896. Typhoid Mary was the most widely known carrier
of typhoid fever. She was the first person in the United States to be identified as a carrier of
the pathogen responsible for the disease.
Causes:
Typhoid is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium. The bacterium
lives in the intestines and bloodstream of humans.
Signs and symptoms:
The two major symptoms of typhoid are fever and rash. Other symptoms can include
weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, and headaches; rarely, symptoms might include
confusion, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Treatment:
The only effective treatment for typhoid is antibiotics. The most commonly used are
ciprofloxacin (for non-pregnant adults) and ceftriaxone.
Preventions:
 Drink bottled water (preferably carbonated).
 If bottled water cannot be sourced, ensure water is heated on a rolling boil for at least
one minute before consuming.
 Be wary of eating anything that has been handled by someone else.
 Avoid eating at street food stands, and only eat food that is still piping hot.
 Do not have ice in drinks.
 Avoid raw fruit and vegetables and peel fruit yourself (do not eat the peel).
References:
 http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever#1
 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/basics/treatment/con-
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