This document discusses a case of alcoholic liver disease being investigated by Dr. N. Gautam. It provides background information on liver anatomy, alcohol metabolism, and the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of alcoholic liver disease. It describes the typical laboratory investigations performed for ALD including liver enzymes, bilirubin, proteins, and coagulation factors. The document then presents findings from a 45-year-old chronic alcoholic male patient presenting with abdominal pain, jaundice and altered sensorium, with laboratory results consistent with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
Renal disease may produce disturbances in red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation factors
the abnormalities do not parallel the status of renal function but rather reflect the activity of the disease process that results in renal dysfunction.
Obstructive jaundice also called surgical jaundice defined as jaundice which can be treated by any surgical procedure or by any intervention. Surgical and medical gastroenterologists play great role in treating such patients , however interventional radiologists also have great role in treating such patients.
This document discusses liver function tests. It describes the various functions of the liver including metabolic, synthetic, secretory, excretory, detoxifying, storage, protective and miscellaneous functions. Liver function tests are indicated to detect and evaluate liver diseases. The tests are classified into groups based on abnormalities in bile pigment metabolism, synthetic function, serum enzyme activities, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, detoxicating function, excretory function, amino acid catabolism, drug metabolism and markers of hepatic fibrosis. Specific tests are described including those measuring bilirubin, proteins, clotting factors, enzymes and metabolic products. Interpretations of different test results are provided for various liver conditions.
Body fluids include blood, lymph, and saliva. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Lymph circulates through the lymphatic system. Abnormal levels of glucose and creatinine in the blood can indicate health issues. Glucose is tested to detect diabetes, while creatinine tests can show kidney function. Both are measured using chemical and enzymatic methods to determine levels in the blood.
This document discusses a case of alcoholic liver disease being investigated by Dr. N. Gautam. It provides background information on liver anatomy, alcohol metabolism, and the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of alcoholic liver disease. It describes the typical laboratory investigations performed for ALD including liver enzymes, bilirubin, proteins, and coagulation factors. The document then presents findings from a 45-year-old chronic alcoholic male patient presenting with abdominal pain, jaundice and altered sensorium, with laboratory results consistent with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
Renal disease may produce disturbances in red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and coagulation factors
the abnormalities do not parallel the status of renal function but rather reflect the activity of the disease process that results in renal dysfunction.
Obstructive jaundice also called surgical jaundice defined as jaundice which can be treated by any surgical procedure or by any intervention. Surgical and medical gastroenterologists play great role in treating such patients , however interventional radiologists also have great role in treating such patients.
This document discusses liver function tests. It describes the various functions of the liver including metabolic, synthetic, secretory, excretory, detoxifying, storage, protective and miscellaneous functions. Liver function tests are indicated to detect and evaluate liver diseases. The tests are classified into groups based on abnormalities in bile pigment metabolism, synthetic function, serum enzyme activities, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, detoxicating function, excretory function, amino acid catabolism, drug metabolism and markers of hepatic fibrosis. Specific tests are described including those measuring bilirubin, proteins, clotting factors, enzymes and metabolic products. Interpretations of different test results are provided for various liver conditions.
Body fluids include blood, lymph, and saliva. Blood contains plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Lymph circulates through the lymphatic system. Abnormal levels of glucose and creatinine in the blood can indicate health issues. Glucose is tested to detect diabetes, while creatinine tests can show kidney function. Both are measured using chemical and enzymatic methods to determine levels in the blood.
Serum proteins are the most abundant compounds in blood after removing cells. They serve many important functions including acting as building blocks, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and helping maintain acid-base balance and osmotic pressure. The major serum proteins measured are albumin and globulins, with albumin primarily made in the liver and globulins including antibodies and transport proteins. Abnormal levels can provide clues about conditions affecting the liver, kidneys, nutrition, infections, and more.
1. The document discusses the composition and functions of blood. It describes the formed elements of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
2. The stages of erythropoiesis and factors affecting erythropoiesis are explained. Erythropoiesis occurs within the red bone marrow in adults and produces red blood cells through stem cell differentiation.
3. The functions of plasma and plasma proteins are outlined. Plasma proteins such as albumin help maintain colloid osmotic pressure and transport substances through the blood.
The document discusses various laboratory tests ordered by clinicians and provides details on specific tests including hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, total protein, albumin and globulin levels, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Key reasons for ordering tests include screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients. Reference ranges are provided for many of the tests.
The normal serum protein level is 6.3-8.3 g/dL. The main proteins in serum are albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin. Albumin is synthesized in the liver while globulins are synthesized in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. The protein fractions can be measured using electrophoresis, precipitation, immuno-electrophoresis, salting out, or ultracentrifugation. Albumin is the major transport protein while globulins include antibodies and proteins like transferrin. Fibrinogen is important for blood clotting. Abnormal levels of total proteins or specific fractions can indicate various health conditions.
Biochemical Result: Misunderstanding and MisinterpretationDrPrasunBarua
This document discusses the proper interpretation and potential misinterpretation of various biochemical test results. It provides guidance on diagnosing diabetes and gestational diabetes based on plasma glucose levels and HbA1c. It also discusses factors that can affect creatinine, BUN, urinary protein levels, troponin, BNP, thyroid function tests, calcium, PSA, and calculated results. Additionally, it notes how some laboratory values change during pregnancy. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of considering clinical context, potential interfering factors, and guidelines when interpreting biochemical results.
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped and leads to anemia, pain crises, and organ damage. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is most common in those with ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and Mediterranean countries. Management involves staying hydrated, treating infections, managing pain, and potentially receiving blood transfusions or hydroxyurea therapy to reduce complications. Lifelong monitoring of health and adherence to prophylactic treatments and immunizations is important for sickle cell patients.
This document discusses lipid disorders and their causes and treatment. It covers apolipoproteins, dyslipidemia caused by excessive VLDL secretion or impaired lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and dyslipidemia caused by impaired hepatic uptake of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Specific genetic disorders discussed include familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, sitosterolemia, and others. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments are provided for each condition.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of metabolic emergencies. It notes that congenital metabolic disorders result from enzyme or cofactor abnormalities, leading to metabolite accumulation or deficiencies. Metabolic crises occur when toxic metabolites build up. The initial evaluation of a patient with a suspected metabolic disorder includes blood tests like a CBC, blood gases, glucose, electrolytes, ammonia, and urine tests. Specific critical presentations like hypoglycemia are further evaluated. Hypoglycemia is treated with intravenous glucose boluses and infusions. Hyperammonemia treatment focuses on rehydration, removing nitrogen from the body, stopping protein intake, and using medications like sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate.
Blood is a fluid composed of plasma and cells that circulates through the body. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. The three main types of cells suspended in plasma are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. RBCs contain hemoglobin and give blood its red color. WBCs help defend the body against infection. Platelets help blood clot. Blood performs functions like transport, defense, regulation, and protection. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, and waste. Blood also helps maintain pH, temperature, coagulation, and immunity.
In this presentation I tend to put emphasis on the various Preanalytical Variables (Clinical Chemistry) because of which the Laboratory Results can vary a lot and thereby creating dilemma for Clinicians to correctly interpret the results. It reaffirms the fact that proper history is very important for even the interpretation of laboratory results and thereby confidently arriving at a definitive diagnosis.
This content is suitable for medical technologists/technicians/lab assistants/scientists writing the SMLTSA board exam. The content is also suitable for biomedical technology students and people also interested in learning about the liver. This chapter describes the liver and interpretation of the liver function tests. Please note that these notes are a collection I used to study for my board exam and train others who got distinctions using these.
Disclaimer: Credit goes to those who wrote the notes and the examiners of each exam question. Please use only as a reference guide and use your prescribed textbook for the latest and most accurate notes and ranges. The material here is not referenced as it is a collection of pieces of study notes from multiple people, and thus will not be held viable for any misinterpretations. Please use at your own discretion.
The document discusses different types of diabetic comas including hypoglycemic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and lactic acidosis. It provides diagnostic criteria for each condition including specific ranges for blood pH, serum bicarbonate, ketones, glucose, osmolality, and anion gap. Diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia over 250 mg/dL while hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state involves hyperglycemia over 600 mg/dL without acidosis. Lactic acidosis presents with severe acidosis, elevated lactate, and absent ketones.
Jaundice is defined as a yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels in the body fluids. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells. Jaundice can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like hemolytic anemia, hepatic issues like hepatitis or cirrhosis impairing bilirubin excretion, or post-hepatic issues from obstruction of the bile ducts by gallstones or pancreatic cancer. A thorough history, physical exam, and lab tests are needed to determine the underlying cause and guide treatment.
Blood is a fluid composed of plasma and cells that circulates through the body. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. The three main types of cells suspended in plasma are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. RBCs contain hemoglobin and give blood its red color. WBCs help defend the body against infection. Platelets help blood clot. Blood performs functions like transport, defense, regulation, and protection. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, and waste. Blood also helps maintain pH, temperature, coagulation, and immunity.
This document provides an overview of approaches to jaundice in hospitalized patients. It discusses various causes of jaundice including extrahepatic and intrahepatic disease processes, drug-induced liver injury, ischemic hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, hepatic amyloidosis, hepatic sarcoidosis, postoperative jaundice, sepsis-induced cholestasis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. For each condition, it describes the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management considerations.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of a child with anemia. It begins by defining anemia and describing common causes including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, and blood cell destruction. Assessment involves patient history, physical exam, and hematological lab tests to identify the underlying cause. Different types of anemia are classified based on red blood cell size and morphology. Specific conditions like iron deficiency anemia, B12/folate deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and sickle cell anemia are then discussed in detail regarding their presentation, evaluation, and treatment.
This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and classifying anemia. It defines anemia and notes that normal hemoglobin levels vary by age, gender, and race. A thorough history and physical exam can reveal potential causes like diet, blood loss, infections, or medications. Laboratory tests including a CBC, smear, and reticulocyte count help classify anemias as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic based on red blood cell size. Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia in children. Hemolytic disorders cause shortened red blood cell survival.
Medical considerations in dental treatment of patients with liver disease. Main types of liver disease, clinical manifestations, lab tests, treatment considerations.
jaundice presentation portable display format pdf.pdfIbrahimKargbo13
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and jaundice. It defines bilirubin and jaundice, and classifies jaundice into three types: pre-hepatic (hemolytic) jaundice, hepatic (hepatocellular) jaundice, and post-hepatic jaundice. For each type, it describes the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, and examples of conditions that can cause that type of jaundice. The document also discusses neonatal jaundice, the risks factors, workup, and management of jaundice in newborns.
Evaluation of liver function and hyperbilirubinemiasDeepujjwal
This document discusses the evaluation of liver function and hyperbilirubinemias. It covers liver function tests including serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin, blood ammonia, and serum enzymes. It discusses tests that measure the liver's biosynthetic function like serum albumin and coagulation factors. It also covers bilirubin metabolism and disorders that can lead to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia through increased bilirubin production, decreased hepatic uptake, or impaired conjugation. Specific conditions mentioned include Gilbert's syndrome, neonatal jaundice, hepatitis, and inherited conjugation defects.
Serum proteins are the most abundant compounds in blood after removing cells. They serve many important functions including acting as building blocks, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and helping maintain acid-base balance and osmotic pressure. The major serum proteins measured are albumin and globulins, with albumin primarily made in the liver and globulins including antibodies and transport proteins. Abnormal levels can provide clues about conditions affecting the liver, kidneys, nutrition, infections, and more.
1. The document discusses the composition and functions of blood. It describes the formed elements of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
2. The stages of erythropoiesis and factors affecting erythropoiesis are explained. Erythropoiesis occurs within the red bone marrow in adults and produces red blood cells through stem cell differentiation.
3. The functions of plasma and plasma proteins are outlined. Plasma proteins such as albumin help maintain colloid osmotic pressure and transport substances through the blood.
The document discusses various laboratory tests ordered by clinicians and provides details on specific tests including hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, total protein, albumin and globulin levels, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Key reasons for ordering tests include screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients. Reference ranges are provided for many of the tests.
The normal serum protein level is 6.3-8.3 g/dL. The main proteins in serum are albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin. Albumin is synthesized in the liver while globulins are synthesized in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. The protein fractions can be measured using electrophoresis, precipitation, immuno-electrophoresis, salting out, or ultracentrifugation. Albumin is the major transport protein while globulins include antibodies and proteins like transferrin. Fibrinogen is important for blood clotting. Abnormal levels of total proteins or specific fractions can indicate various health conditions.
Biochemical Result: Misunderstanding and MisinterpretationDrPrasunBarua
This document discusses the proper interpretation and potential misinterpretation of various biochemical test results. It provides guidance on diagnosing diabetes and gestational diabetes based on plasma glucose levels and HbA1c. It also discusses factors that can affect creatinine, BUN, urinary protein levels, troponin, BNP, thyroid function tests, calcium, PSA, and calculated results. Additionally, it notes how some laboratory values change during pregnancy. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of considering clinical context, potential interfering factors, and guidelines when interpreting biochemical results.
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to become sickle shaped and leads to anemia, pain crises, and organ damage. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is most common in those with ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and Mediterranean countries. Management involves staying hydrated, treating infections, managing pain, and potentially receiving blood transfusions or hydroxyurea therapy to reduce complications. Lifelong monitoring of health and adherence to prophylactic treatments and immunizations is important for sickle cell patients.
This document discusses lipid disorders and their causes and treatment. It covers apolipoproteins, dyslipidemia caused by excessive VLDL secretion or impaired lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and dyslipidemia caused by impaired hepatic uptake of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Specific genetic disorders discussed include familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, sitosterolemia, and others. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments are provided for each condition.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of metabolic emergencies. It notes that congenital metabolic disorders result from enzyme or cofactor abnormalities, leading to metabolite accumulation or deficiencies. Metabolic crises occur when toxic metabolites build up. The initial evaluation of a patient with a suspected metabolic disorder includes blood tests like a CBC, blood gases, glucose, electrolytes, ammonia, and urine tests. Specific critical presentations like hypoglycemia are further evaluated. Hypoglycemia is treated with intravenous glucose boluses and infusions. Hyperammonemia treatment focuses on rehydration, removing nitrogen from the body, stopping protein intake, and using medications like sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate.
Blood is a fluid composed of plasma and cells that circulates through the body. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. The three main types of cells suspended in plasma are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. RBCs contain hemoglobin and give blood its red color. WBCs help defend the body against infection. Platelets help blood clot. Blood performs functions like transport, defense, regulation, and protection. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, and waste. Blood also helps maintain pH, temperature, coagulation, and immunity.
In this presentation I tend to put emphasis on the various Preanalytical Variables (Clinical Chemistry) because of which the Laboratory Results can vary a lot and thereby creating dilemma for Clinicians to correctly interpret the results. It reaffirms the fact that proper history is very important for even the interpretation of laboratory results and thereby confidently arriving at a definitive diagnosis.
This content is suitable for medical technologists/technicians/lab assistants/scientists writing the SMLTSA board exam. The content is also suitable for biomedical technology students and people also interested in learning about the liver. This chapter describes the liver and interpretation of the liver function tests. Please note that these notes are a collection I used to study for my board exam and train others who got distinctions using these.
Disclaimer: Credit goes to those who wrote the notes and the examiners of each exam question. Please use only as a reference guide and use your prescribed textbook for the latest and most accurate notes and ranges. The material here is not referenced as it is a collection of pieces of study notes from multiple people, and thus will not be held viable for any misinterpretations. Please use at your own discretion.
The document discusses different types of diabetic comas including hypoglycemic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and lactic acidosis. It provides diagnostic criteria for each condition including specific ranges for blood pH, serum bicarbonate, ketones, glucose, osmolality, and anion gap. Diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia over 250 mg/dL while hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state involves hyperglycemia over 600 mg/dL without acidosis. Lactic acidosis presents with severe acidosis, elevated lactate, and absent ketones.
Jaundice is defined as a yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels in the body fluids. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells. Jaundice can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like hemolytic anemia, hepatic issues like hepatitis or cirrhosis impairing bilirubin excretion, or post-hepatic issues from obstruction of the bile ducts by gallstones or pancreatic cancer. A thorough history, physical exam, and lab tests are needed to determine the underlying cause and guide treatment.
Blood is a fluid composed of plasma and cells that circulates through the body. Plasma is 55% of blood volume and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. The three main types of cells suspended in plasma are red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. RBCs contain hemoglobin and give blood its red color. WBCs help defend the body against infection. Platelets help blood clot. Blood performs functions like transport, defense, regulation, and protection. It transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, and waste. Blood also helps maintain pH, temperature, coagulation, and immunity.
This document provides an overview of approaches to jaundice in hospitalized patients. It discusses various causes of jaundice including extrahepatic and intrahepatic disease processes, drug-induced liver injury, ischemic hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, hepatic amyloidosis, hepatic sarcoidosis, postoperative jaundice, sepsis-induced cholestasis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. For each condition, it describes the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management considerations.
This document discusses the evaluation and management of a child with anemia. It begins by defining anemia and describing common causes including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, and blood cell destruction. Assessment involves patient history, physical exam, and hematological lab tests to identify the underlying cause. Different types of anemia are classified based on red blood cell size and morphology. Specific conditions like iron deficiency anemia, B12/folate deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and sickle cell anemia are then discussed in detail regarding their presentation, evaluation, and treatment.
This document discusses the approach to diagnosing and classifying anemia. It defines anemia and notes that normal hemoglobin levels vary by age, gender, and race. A thorough history and physical exam can reveal potential causes like diet, blood loss, infections, or medications. Laboratory tests including a CBC, smear, and reticulocyte count help classify anemias as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic based on red blood cell size. Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia in children. Hemolytic disorders cause shortened red blood cell survival.
Medical considerations in dental treatment of patients with liver disease. Main types of liver disease, clinical manifestations, lab tests, treatment considerations.
jaundice presentation portable display format pdf.pdfIbrahimKargbo13
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and jaundice. It defines bilirubin and jaundice, and classifies jaundice into three types: pre-hepatic (hemolytic) jaundice, hepatic (hepatocellular) jaundice, and post-hepatic jaundice. For each type, it describes the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, and examples of conditions that can cause that type of jaundice. The document also discusses neonatal jaundice, the risks factors, workup, and management of jaundice in newborns.
Evaluation of liver function and hyperbilirubinemiasDeepujjwal
This document discusses the evaluation of liver function and hyperbilirubinemias. It covers liver function tests including serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin, blood ammonia, and serum enzymes. It discusses tests that measure the liver's biosynthetic function like serum albumin and coagulation factors. It also covers bilirubin metabolism and disorders that can lead to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia through increased bilirubin production, decreased hepatic uptake, or impaired conjugation. Specific conditions mentioned include Gilbert's syndrome, neonatal jaundice, hepatitis, and inherited conjugation defects.
Similar to Plasma proteins_ Dr.Muralinath_Dr.c. kalyan (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
1. College of V entering
ary Science
Proddatur
Andhra ptadesh
2. Plasma proteins
1) Serum albumin
2) Serum globulin
3) Fibrinogen
The serum consists of particularly albumin and globulin. The fibrinogen is observed
in serum because of its conversion into fibrin especially during the process of blood
clot. Due to this, the albumin and globulins are generally termed as serum albumin
and serum globulin
PLASMA PROTEINS
3. NORMAL VALUES
• The normal values of plasma proteins include
• Serum albumin 4.7 g/dL – 7.3 g/dL ( 6.4 to 8.3 g/dL)
• Serum globulin 2.3 g/dL
• Fibrinogen 0.3 g/dL
• Total Proteins 7.3 g/dL ( 6.4 to 8.3 g/dL)
4. • ALBUMIN GLOBULIN RATIO
• The ratio between plasma level of albumin and globulin is termed as Albumin/ Globulin ( A/G ) ratio.
This ratio informs about a very diseases related to kidney or liver. Normal A/G ratio is 2:1.
5. METHODS OF SEPARATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS
• Cohns Fractional Precipitation Method
• Electrophoretic Method
• Gel Filtration Chromatography
• Immunoelectrophoretic Method
• Precipitation Method
• Sating Out Method
• Ultra Centrifugation Method
6. PROPERTIES & ORIGIN
• PROPERTIES OF PLASMAPROTEINS INCLUDE
• Buffer Action
• Molecular weight
• Oncotic pressure
• Spoecific Gravity
•
• SITE OF ORIGIN OF PLASMA PROTEINS INCLUDE
• In EMBRYO
• IN ADULTS
7. ANCTIONS OF PLASMA PROTEINS
• Role in coagulation of blood
• Role in defense mechanism of body
• Role in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• Role in maintenance of osmotic pressure in blood
• Role as reserve proteins
• Role in suspension stability of red blood cells ( RBC )
• Role in transport mechanism
• Role in production of trephone substances
• Role in viscosity of blood
8. CONDITION IN WHICH PLASMA PROTEINS
INCREASE (HYPER PROTEINEMIA)
• Alcoholism
• Acute infections such as acute hepatitis and acute nephritis
• Dehydration
• Excess of glucocorticoids
• Hemolysis
• Leukemia
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Respiratory distress syndrome
9. CONDITIONS IN WHICH PLASMA PROTEINS
DECREASES ( HYPOPROTEINEMIA )
• Burns
• Chronic infections namely chronic hepatitis and chronic nephritis
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Haemorrhage
• Malnutrition
• Pregnancy
• Prolonged starvation
10. • CONDITIONS IN WHICH ALBUMIN INCREASE
• Congestive hear failure
• Dehydration
• Excess of glucocorticoids
• CONDITIONS IN WHICH ALBUMIN DECREASES
• Burns
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Excess intake of water
• Hypothyroidism
• Malnutrition
• Nephrosis
11. • CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLOBULIN INCREASES:-
• Chronic infections
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Nephrosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
•
• CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLOBULIN DECREASES:-
• Acute hemolytic anemia
• Emphysema
• Glomerulo nephritis
• Hypo gamma globulinemia
12. • CONDITIONS IN WHICH FIBRINOGEN INCREASES:
• Acute infections
• Glomerlo nephritis
• Myo cardial infarction
• Rhematoid arthritis
• Stroke
• Trauma
•
• CONDITIONS IN WHICH FIBRINOGEN DECREASES:-
• Liver disorder
• Use of anasbolic steroids
• Use of phenobarbital
13. • CONDITIONS IN WHICH A/G RATIO INCREASES-
• Excess of glcocorticoids
• Hypothyroidism
• Hypo gamma globulinemia
• Intake of more carbohydrate or protein diet.
•
• CONDITIONS IN WHICH A/G RATIO DECREASES:-
• Liver disorder
• Nephrosis
14. • REFERENCES:-
• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Albumin Blood (Serum) Test. Updated January 24, 2021. Accessed
November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003480.htm
• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel. Updated January 24, 2021. Accessed
November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003468.htm
• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Total Protein. Updated May 1, 2021. Accessed November 24, 2022.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003483.htm
• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Protein Electrophoresis – Serum. Updated January 25, 2022. Accessed
November 24, 2022. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003540.htm