Neural tube defects
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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that occur early in pregnancy. The most severe forms are anencephaly and rachischisis where the brain and spinal cord are exposed or absent. NTDs result from the failure of the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development. Risk factors include genetic factors and folic acid deficiency. Prenatal screening and ultrasound can detect NTDs. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may involve surgery after birth and lifelong management of complications such as hydrocephalus.
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Neural tube defects
Neural tube defects are birth defects that occur when the spine and brain do not develop properly early in pregnancy. The document discusses several types of neural tube defects including anencephaly, cranioschisis, exencephaly, encephalocele, rachischisis, and spina bifida. Spina bifida is further classified into spina bifida occulta, spina bifida cystica, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. The causes include genetic and environmental factors like folic acid deficiency. Clinical features and management involve surgical closure of defects and prevention of complications. Prognosis depends on location and severity of defect but quality of life can be improved with treatment and care.
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Neural tube defects are the most common congenital abnormality in India which can be easily prevented with due information and better nursing practices. Neural Tube Defects can be prevented with intake of folic acid.
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Anencephaly is a rare neural tube defect where a baby is born missing parts of the brain and skull. Babies with anencephaly are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth, as the condition prevents consciousness and the ability to feel pain. Risk factors include low folic acid levels before conception. While there is no cure, taking folic acid supplements before pregnancy can help prevent anencephaly.
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This document discusses neural tube defects (NTDs), which are congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord caused by improper closure of the neural tube early in embryonic development, usually due to folic acid deficiency. It defines various types of NTDs including spina bifida, encephalocele, myelomeningocele, anencephaly, and tethered cord syndrome. For each type, it describes the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management approaches including surgery, bracing, physical therapy, and shunting procedures. Genetic and environmental risk factors are also discussed. The document provides a detailed overview of NTDs for medical professionals.
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The neural tube defects
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This document discusses several neurocutaneous syndromes including their definitions, genetics, classifications, and key details. It provides in-depth information on Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2, Tuberous Sclerosis, Sturge-Weber Syndrome, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease. For each condition, it outlines diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, management approaches, and important follow-up considerations.
NÖRAL TÜP DEFEKTLERİ
Neural tube defects are among the most common birth defects. They occur due to the failure of the neural tube to close properly during early embryonic development. There are several types of neural tube defects including anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida, and iniencephaly. Prenatal ultrasound can detect neural tube defects as early as 10 weeks gestation by identifying characteristics such as absent skull structures, heterogeneous masses where brain tissue should be, and spinal defects. Folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
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Neural tube defects are congenital abnormalities that occur during early embryonic development caused by the neural tube failing to close properly. There are two types: open defects which result in exposed spinal cord or brain tissue, and closed defects where the spine and skull do not fully close. Risk factors include low folic acid intake, certain medications, diabetes, and obesity during pregnancy. Clinical features vary depending on the location and severity of the defect but may include paralysis, weakness, learning disabilities, vision problems, and bowel/bladder issues. Prenatal screening includes ultrasound and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. Treatment options include in utero surgery, conventional post-birth surgery, or endoscopic repair to close the opening.
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- Neonatal jaundice is common, occurring in 50-80% of newborns, and is usually harmless. It is caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood.
- Jaundice can be physiological or pathological. The causes and management differ depending on whether the elevated bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated.
- Evaluation involves clinical exam, bilirubin levels, and other tests to determine the underlying cause. Management includes phototherapy, exchange transfusion, or pharmacotherapy depending on
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1. Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder of connective tissue that affects many parts of the body, including the skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.
2. It is caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene which results in abnormal fibrillin protein and connective tissue abnormalities.
3. Diagnosis is based on assessments of the skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular and other body systems compared to established diagnostic criteria such as the Ghent nosology, with a focus on assessments of the aorta and lenses.
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The neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system. During development, the neural tube forms as the neural folds lift and fuse together. Improper closure of openings in the neural tube can cause neural tube defects like anencephaly or spina bifida. Anencephaly involves failure of the brain and skull to develop properly. Spina bifida occurs when the spinal cord, brain, or their protective coverings do not fully develop, and can range from mild to severe depending on the type and extent of involvement. Treatment options depend on the specific type and symptoms of each defect.
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The document discusses Spinal Bifida, beginning with the group members presenting and objectives of the presentation. It defines Spinal Bifida as a birth defect involving failure of vertebral arch fusion. It describes the types (Occulta, Cystica with Meningocele and Myelomeningocele forms) and discusses etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and nursing management, and complications of Spinal Bifida. The presentation aims to provide knowledge on Spinal Bifida and its characteristics to students.
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This document discusses several neurocutaneous syndromes including their definitions, genetics, classifications, and key details. It provides in-depth information on Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2, Tuberous Sclerosis, Sturge-Weber Syndrome, and Von Hippel-Lindau disease. For each condition, it outlines diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, management approaches, and important follow-up considerations.
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Neural Tube Defects.pptx
Neural tube defects are birth defects that result from the failure of the neural tube to close properly during early embryonic development. The most common types are spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Prevention focuses on women getting adequate folic acid before and during early pregnancy. Treatment depends on the specific type of defect but may involve surgery to repair the opening and protect the exposed tissues, management of any related conditions like hydrocephalus, and lifelong care for resulting physical, neurological, and functional impairments. Prognosis depends on the severity of the defect and can include permanent disability.
Meningomyelocoele
Meningomyelocoele is a severe type of spina bifida where the meninges, nerve roots, and spinal cord protrude through a defect in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during early development. Children with meningomyelocoele often experience neurological deficits, paralysis, bladder and bowel issues, hydrocephalus, and other health problems. Treatment involves surgery to close the defect, management of complications, and physical therapy. Improving mobility, even with assistance, can positively impact cognitive development in children with meningomyelocoele compared to those who are not mobile.
Dementia-final+++++++++++++++
Meningomyelocoele is a severe type of spina bifida where the meninges, nerve roots, and spinal cord protrude through a defect in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during early development. Children with meningomyelocoele often experience neurological deficits, paralysis, bladder and bowel issues, hydrocephalus, and other health problems. Treatment requires surgery after birth to close the defect, as well as lifelong multidisciplinary care and therapies to address complications. Improving mobility, even with aids, can positively impact cognitive development in children with meningomyelocoele compared to those who are wheelchair-dependent.
Meningomyelocoele
Meningomyelocoele is a severe type of spina bifida where the meninges, nerve roots and spinal cord protrude through a defect in the vertebral canal. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during early development. Children with meningomyelocoele often experience neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, paraplegia, bladder and bowel issues, and cognitive problems. Treatment involves closure of the defect soon after birth along with lifelong multidisciplinary care to address complications and support development.
Neural tube defects (myelomeningocele) | spina bifida
Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube fails to close properly during early embryonic development. This document discusses several types of neural tube defects including anencephaly, myelomeningocele (spina bifida), and meningocele. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management including surgical repair, and long term prognosis of those affected. Prevention through adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy is also discussed.
Neural tube defects
Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube fails to close properly during early fetal development, between the 22nd and 28th day of gestation. This can result in abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord. Some examples of neural tube defects include anencephaly, spina bifida, encephaloceles, and craniorachischisis. Anencephaly is a severe neural tube defect where the brain is either partially or completely absent. Low folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy increases the risk. There is no cure or standard treatment for anencephaly and affected babies usually die shortly after birth.
cns embryology and anomalies
The document discusses the development of the central nervous system and neural tube defects. It covers:
1. The CNS appears in the third week as a neural plate that folds to form the neural tube, which closes from head to tail between 4-5 weeks. Failure of closure can cause neural tube defects.
2. The most common neural tube defects are spina bifida occulta, meningocele, myelomeningocele, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form with exposed nerves and spinal cord.
3. Prevention focuses on adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy to reduce neural tube defect risk, as f
Neural tube Defect & Hydrocephalus
This document provides information on neural tube defects and hydrocephalus. It discusses the embryological development of the neural tube, causes and classifications of neural tube defects including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. It also covers the causes, types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of hydrocephalus, including surgical management using shunts. Complications of both conditions and methods for prevention of neural tube defects are summarized.
Spina bifida ppt
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord fails to develop properly, causing part of the vertebrae to remain unfused and open. It occurs early in pregnancy from the incomplete closing of the neural tube. The most common type is myelomeningocele, which affects females slightly more and can cause various physical disabilities. While the cause is unknown, folic acid deficiency and certain drugs have been linked as risk factors. Prenatal screening and early postnatal care aim to monitor development and prevent infections. Managing symptoms may involve surgery, physical therapy, catheters, and antibiotics.
Group 12 Docu
Neural tube defects are a group of disorders that arise early in fetal development from the neural tube failing to close properly. This can cause lifelong complications depending on the severity of the defect. The three main types are anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. Precise causes are unknown but risk factors include folic acid deficiency, certain medications, and genetics. Prevention focuses on women getting adequate folic acid before and during early pregnancy. Treatment options depend on the type of defect but may include surgery before or after birth.
NTD presentation. by mwebaza victorpptx
This document provides information about neural tube defects (NTDs). It discusses the types of NTDs including anencephaly, encephaloceles, hydranencephaly, iniencephaly, schizencephaly, and spina bifida. Risk factors for NTDs include folate deficiency, obesity, diabetes, infections during pregnancy, radiation exposure, tobacco use, and family history. Diagnosis can be made through ultrasounds, MRI, and tests of amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Treatment involves surgical closure of open defects as well as lifelong medical and physical therapy management.
spinabifida-200601103727.pdf
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord fails to close properly, leaving it exposed. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, which has no protrusion and is usually asymptomatic; meningocele, which involves protrusion of meninges and cerebrospinal fluid in a sac; and myelomeningocele, the most severe form, which involves protrusion of spinal cord and nerves. Treatment involves surgery to close the defect as well as management of any related conditions like hydrocephalus or paralysis. Parents are counseled and trained to care for the child's lifelong needs.
Spina bifida
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord fails to close properly, leaving it exposed. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, which has no protrusion and is usually asymptomatic; meningocele, which involves protrusion of meninges and cerebrospinal fluid in a sac; and myelomeningocele, the most severe form, which involves protrusion of meninges, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves surgery to close the defect as well as management of any related conditions like hydrocephalus or paralysis. Parents are counseled and trained to care for the child's lifelong medical needs.
Neural tube defects
Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly.
Fetal central nervous system anomalies
This document summarizes various fetal central nervous system anomalies that can be detected on ultrasound. It describes conditions like ventriculomegaly, neural tube defects, holoprosencephaly, corpus callosum agenesis, cystic lesions, destructive lesions including hemorrhage and stroke, microcephaly, and intracranial cysts/tumors. For each condition, it discusses ultrasound findings, associated abnormalities, investigations, management, prognosis, and recurrence risk. The goal is to provide obstetricians and sonographers an overview of CNS anomalies to aid in prenatal diagnosis and counseling of patients.
Ntd Group 12
Neural tube defects are a group of birth defects that occur early in fetal development when the neural tube fails to close properly. This includes spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. Neural tube defects can be detected through prenatal screening tests such as measuring maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may involve surgery either in utero or after birth. Taking folic acid before and during early pregnancy can help prevent many neural tube defects.
Mylomeningocele
Meningomyelocoele is the most severe type of spina bifida where the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during the third week of gestation. Symptoms include paralysis of the lower limbs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. Treatment requires multidisciplinary care and focuses on preventing infections, promoting urinary function, and managing complications through surgery, medications, bracing and rehabilitation.
Mylomeningocele
Meningomyelocoele is the most severe type of spina bifida where the meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the spine. It occurs due to failure of the neural tube to close during the third week of gestation. Symptoms include paralysis of the lower limbs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. Treatment requires multidisciplinary care and focuses on preventing infections, promoting urinary function, and managing complications through surgery, medications, bracing and rehabilitation.
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This document discusses neural tube defects (NTDs), specifically spina bifida. It describes the normal neural development process and different types of spina bifida ranging from mild to severe. Prenatal screening and diagnosis methods are outlined as well as risks factors and the importance of folic acid supplementation. Postnatal management of spina bifida newborns is also summarized.
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Neural tube defects
- 1. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS C. Ramos Perea, MD. FAAP. Associate Professor Universidad Central del Caribe y Escuela Medicina Ponce
- 3. Vertebral anatomy Vertebral arches(lamina ) Spinous process Vertebral canal Vértebra body TRANSVERSE FORAMEN Articular process Contains arteries & veins
- 7. Events in the 3-4 week
- 13. Anencephaly
- 24. Normal Folate Adequate Folate – Healthy Cells Deficient Folate – Unhealthy Cells Perspective on Folate Deficiency Megaloblastic Anemia
- 25. 50% of U.S. pregnancies are unplanned Folic acid is needed before conception NTDs occur very early in pregnancy Importance of timing in getting folic acid
- 26. Median serum and red blood cell folate levels, before and after folic acid fortification, U.S. women, aged 15-44 years, NHANES SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-94 and 1999-2000 4.8 0 5 10 15 20 ng/mL Serum folate 13.0 Before After ng/mL 159.9 263.6 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Red blood cell folate Before After
- 33. Meningomyelocele
- 38. Lypomyelomeningocele The left child is a dorsal lipoma – pedunculated. The right child lypomatous mass beneath the skin. Both passed through the dura to the intradural space.
- 39. Spinal cord (close up) location of spina bifida Occulta Outer part of vertebrae not completely joined. Spinal cord and covering (meninges) usually undamaged. Hair often at site of defect. Meningocele Outer part of vertebrae split. Spinal cord usually normal. Meninges damaged and displaced through opening. Myelomeningocele Outer part of vertebrae split. Spinal cord and meninges damaged and displaced through opening. Usually hydrocephalus.
- 40. Anomalies Associated with Myelomeningocele Approximate Percent of Patients Chiari II malformation 90%+ Hydrocephalus 90%+ Syringomyelia 88% Brainstem malformations (cranial nerve) 75% Cerebral ventricle abnormalities 90%+ Cerebellar heterotopias 40% Cerebral heterotopias 40% Agenesis of the corpus callosum 12% Polymicrogyria 15-30%
- 43. Spina Bifida Occulta The child has long hairy tail with underline spina bifida occulta.
- 48. HAND OF HOPE
- 50. Hydranencephaly
- 52. Onphalocele
- 53. Exencephaly
- 54. Gastroschisis
- 57. Mid line anomalies “ El bosque seria muy triste si solo cantaran los pájaros que lo hacen mejor”rabindranath tagore