Neural tube defects are a group of disorders that arise early in fetal development from the neural tube failing to close properly. This can cause lifelong complications depending on the severity of the defect. The three main types are anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. Precise causes are unknown but risk factors include folic acid deficiency, certain medications, and genetics. Prevention focuses on women getting adequate folic acid before and during early pregnancy. Treatment options depend on the type of defect but may include surgery before or after birth.

1. Group 12: Neural Tube Defect<br />Definition <br />Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of disorders that arise early in fetal development and can cause life-long complications of varying severity

2. During the first 3-4 weeks of development, specific cells in an embryo curl up and their edges fuse together to form a narrow tube that becomes the foundation of the spinal cord, brain, and the bone and tissues that surround it

3. This neural tube fusing process usually is complete by 28 days of gestation – before many women even know that they are pregnant