2. Physiographyof Cambodia
Landform:
• Relatively flat
• Lowlands:<50m
• Uplands:upto >1000 m
• Highestpoint: 1813m
Majorwater resources:
• Great Lake :
(Area: upto 25,000 km2)
• Mekongand Basacriver systems
3. Total Population: 15,762,370
Natural Increase: 1.6%
Density: 89 Inhabitants/km²
Urban Population: 20.9%
Ethnic Origins: Khmer about 90%, Vietnamese about
5%, Chinese about 1%, other about 4%.
Official Language: Khmer
Other Languages Spoken: French, English
Business Language(s): English
Religion: Theravada Buddhist 95%, Others 5%.
Literacy Rate: 73.6%
4. Cambodia - Climate
Rainfall: 1200 –4000 mm
January
October
: lowest
:highest
Humidity:69 - 80%
March : lowest
September: highest
Day length:11h - 13h
December :shortest June
: longest
Temperature:23 – 33oC
December
April
: lowest
:highest
Evaporation:2230 mm/year
September
March
: lowest
:highest
5. General soilmapof Cambodia
Initiated in1961 by Crocker and
thenthe Ministryof Agriculture
of Cambodia, thefirst national
soil survey
A1:1,000,000 soil map
16 Great Soil Groups
Country-wide assessmentof
soil resources
Foundationfor mostof the
succeedingsoil surveys
5
6. Soils,areas, and theirfertility potentialsin Cambodia
Fertility
Potential
Soil GG
(Crocker)
Areas (ha) Areas
(%)
High
2. Latosols,6. Grey hydromorphics,8.
Brownhydromorphics,10. Regurs,12. Basiclithosols,
15. Lacustrinealluvials
5,082,564 28
Medium
5. Culturalhydromorphics,9. Alumisols,
13.Alluvials,14. Brownalluvials
3,404,599 19
Low
1. Red-YellowPodzols,3. Planosols, 4.
Plinthitepodzols,7. Plinthitic hydromorphics,11.
Acid lithosols,16. Coastal complex
9,443,663 53
Total 16 17,930,826 100
10. Rice-growingsoilsof Cambodia
Agronomicclassification for rice soils
inCambodia (CACS)
Aimsto allow non-soil specialiststo
classifysoils for agronomic purposes
Apractical tool for soil
identification and managementin
the rainfed lowland rice
environment.
There are 11 soil groups divided into
20 phasesin therice growing areas
11
11. Properties
(KSm,cal.)
Unit
Depth (cm)
0-8 8-30 30-45 45+
Organic C g/kg 13 9 6 1.9
pH CaCl2 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.7
Total N g/kg 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.2
Olsen P mg/kg 18 6 3 3
Exch. Ca
cmol(+)/kg
41.1 44.2 39 16.1
Exch. Mg 4.13 0.96 0.39 0.08
Exch. Na 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02
Exch. K 0.35 0.14 0.13 0.05
ECEC 45.7 45.3 39.5 16.3
Detail land suitability mapsfor non-rice crops
Mostrecentland suitability assessment
(Non-ricecrops)– ACIAR
12
15. Opportunities
Cambodia becoming a reliable global supplier of safe and quality food and
products (Eg rice, maize, fish, cattle, pepper, rubber, cashews, cassava, fruit)
A dynamic Cambodian agribusiness sector creating value added and
employment in a growing and well-connected rural non-farm economy.
A food and nutritionally secure population with access to a healthy and
diversified diet.
17. Com odities
Commodity Growth
(2010-2017)
Key Changes Rationale
Rice Production
(7.8%)
• Yield (4.5%)
• Adoption new varieties
• Mechanization
• Rice Milling Industry
growing
• Higher prices
internationally
• Food security
• Large income and employment
impact
• High export potential
• High impact on processing industry
Maize • Production
(13.1%)
• Yield (3.0%)
• Adoption of hybrids • Integration with feed industry
• Potential for export
Cassava • Production
(41.7%)
• Yield (6.4%)
• Use of upland and
forestland
• Integration with starch and feed
industry
• Integration with biofuel
• High export potential
Vegetables • Production
(12.8%)
• Yield (7.8%)
• Rapidly increasing
demand and imports
• Nutrition and food safety
• Import substitution
20. Applications of Agriculture Tractors
The most common use of the term "tractor" is for the vehicles used on farms. The farm tractor is
used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking,
harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.
These include "row crop" tractors with adjustable tread width to allow the tractor to pass down
rows of corn, tomatoes or other crops without crushing the plants, "wheat land" or "standard"
tractors with fixed wheels and a lower center of gravity for plowing and other heavy field work
for broadcast crops,
Many utility tractors are used for nonfarm grading, landscape maintenance and excavation
purposes, particularly with loaders, backhoes, pallet forks and similar devices.
Tractors can be fitted with engineering tools such as dozer blades, buckets, hoes, rippers, etc.
The most common attachments for the front of a tractor are dozer blades or buckets.
21. Tractors Used In various Fields
TransportationFarming
Tea GardenOrchard
Harvester
TRACTORConstruction