FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB

1. PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAINS IN PUNJAB
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB
(2012-13)

2. ABOUT PUNJAB:
 Area (geographical) : 5.04 m ha
 Districts: 22
 Net sown area: 4.2 m ha
 Irrigated area: 4.07 m ha(98%)
by Canals : 1.11 m ha (27%)
by Tubewells : 2.96 m ha (73%)
 Total cropped area: 7.9 m ha
 Cropping intensity: 204%
 Cropping Systems :
 Rice-Wheat;
 Cotton-Wheat; and
 Maize-Wheat

3. 39.27
48.53
56.73 57.26 62.82 63 64.58 65.23 65.35 65.92
73.05
119.21
192.23 198.83
253.24 253.13
273.28 279.28 283.52 280.71
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 1995-96 2000-01 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
AREA"OOO" HA. PRODUCTION "OOO" MT
FOUR DECADES OF FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION

4. Crop Area
(000 ha)
Productivity
(kg/ha)
Production
(000 MT)
Procurement
(000 MT)
Wheat 3512 4724 16106.1 11116
Barley 14 3560 50
Rice 2845 3998 11374 13375 (paddy)
8828 (Rice)
Maize 129 3680 475
Bajra 3 895 3
Pulses 105 - 86
Total Foodgrians : 28071 MT Total Procurement : 19944 MT
PRODUCTION OF FOOD GRAINS : 2012-13
In 2012-13:
 Highest Productivity of Wheat and paddy in the Country
 Highest Productivity of Total Foodgrains in the Country
 Largest Contribution of Foodgrains to Central Pool: Wheat - 29%
Rice – 26%

5. STRATEGY AND MEASURES TAKEN
 Bridging the regional gaps in productivity through:
 Replacement of PBW-343 variety of wheat: more area under DBW-17, PBW-550,
PBW-621 and HD-2967
 Improvement in SRR (43%) and 100% Treatment of certified and TL Seed
 Campaign for control of termite : Chlorpyriphos on 50% subsidy
 Timely sowing
 Propagation of Resource Conservation Technologies for NRM (7.2 lac ha)
 Pre-positioning of fungicide to control yellow rust
 Area Expansion under Summer Moong
 Better coordination with DAC, PAU and other institutions.
 Efficient Management:
 Capacity building of field functionaries and farmers
 Ensuring timely and adequate availability of inputs.
 Promotion of INM and IPM
 Farmer to Farmer technology dissemination

6. New Initiatives :
 Conservation of Natural Resources:
 Improvement in Crop Productivity:
On the basis of encouraging results, these are being continuously up-scaled

7.  Larger plot size and better water use efficiency
 Better crop stand and lesser weeds
 Better nutrient use efficiency
 Uniform water application
PROMOTION OF LASER LAND LEVELING FOR CONSERVATION OF
IRRIGATION WATER
Major Initiatives …..
8
150
550
1000
1980
2754
3509
4113
4924
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Numbers
Year
Number of Laser Land Levlers
The area under precision
land leveling is increasing
and during 2012-13 about
12.61 lac hectares have
been covered.

8. Efficient Irrigation Water Management
 Enactment of “Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil Water Act, 2009
 To ensure timely transplanting of paddy
 Promotion of conjunctive use of water
 Community Underground Pipelines Systems
 Promotion of Sprinkler and Drip irrigation
Year
Area covered (ha)
UGPL
Micro
Irrigation
2007-08 2696 4187
2008-09 5950 7396
2009-10 8461 11924
2010-11 23257 16849
2011-12 45042 21758
2012-13 49298 24548
Major Initiatives …..

9. Green manuring
 In-situ Crop Residue Management through zero/minimum tillage
 Strengthening of Soil Testing Laboratories-18
 Issue of Soil Health Cards - 304515
 Promotion of Green Manuring and Summer Moong (83590 ha)
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY
Major Initiatives …..
50
250
1000
1950
5000
8700
10213
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Area (ha)
Use of Happy Seeder
to plant in crop
residues

10. EXPANSION OF AREA
UNDER SUMMER MOONG
 Additional Crop
 Additional Income
 Improves Soil Fertility
23240
40830
77090
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
5000
23000
40990
77090
83590
Area under
Summer-Moong (ha)
Major Initiatives …..

11. Tehsil wise area (ha)
Area under Minimum Tillage -
2012-13: 6.85 lac ha.
PROMOTION OF RESOURCE
CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES
Major Initiatives …..
 Minimum tillage
 Leaf colour chart
 Tensiometer
 Happy Seeder
 Laser Land Leveler

12. Crop
Seed Replacement Rate*
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Paddy 40 52 43
Maize 95 96 96
Kh. Pulses 45 44 94
Wheat 37 39 43
Gram 41 77 68
Barley 58 62 70
IMPROVED SEED REPLACEMENT AND ITS TREATMENT
 Emphasis on Seed replacement once in three years
 Campaign for Seed Treatment during the sowing season.
 50% wheat seed treated – Emphasis on farm saved seed treatment
 15360 Seed Dressing Drums distributed – at least one for each Panchayat
 Fungicide for 2.0 Lac quintals of seed was provided.
SEED TREATMENT
Major Initiatives …..

13. Seeding Technology
 Zero-tillage
 Raised Bed Planting
 Paired rows
 Bi-directional sowing
 Relay cropping in cotton
 Intercropping in Sugarcane
Residue Management
 Retention of Residues: use of Happy Seeder
 Incorporation of Residues: use of Rotavator
 Collection of Residues: use of Baler and zero-till-drill
Spraying Technology
 Use of Proper nozzles for herbicides and pesticides
 Use of Ceramic nozzles
DEMONSTRATION OF CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Demonstrations organized
 9056 of one acre each under ATMA
 230 clusters of 100 ha each under NFSM
Major Initiatives …..

14. RELAY PLANTING OF
WHEAT IN COTTON
 The wheat yield is reduced due
to delay in planting after
cotton.
 Planting of wheat in Standing
cotton can advance the sowing
by 20-40 days.
 20 trails were organized in
2012-13 wherein the average
yield advantage was observed
as 2-3 quintals / acre.
 The farmers are reluctant due
to problem of sowing in
standing cotton sticks but are
impressed by the yield
advantage .
 50 demonstrations have been
planned during the current
wheat season.
Major Initiatives …..

15.  Yellow rust reduced the productivity of wheat during 2008-09
 Better monitoring led to early detection of incidence
 Timely supply of fungicide to Control of yellow rust at 50% cost
 Surveillance also helped in checking the micro-nutrient
deficiencies. Zinc Sulphate and Manganese Sulphate distributed on
50% subsidy
 Effective control contributed to better productivity.
(4724 kg/ha. : 2nd highest in last five years)
SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING FOR YELLOW RUST
Major Initiatives …..

16. Each AMSC equipped with:
i) Laser Land Leveler;
ii) Happy Seeder;
iii) Rotavator;
iv) Raised Bed Planter;
v) Zero-till-drill; and
vi) Other implements
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SERVICE CENTRES : Started in 2008-09
 Propagation of New Technologies
 Reduced investment due to availability on custom hiring basis
 Generation of employment in rural areas
FARM MECHANIZATION
1363 AMSC SET-UP TO-DATE
- 1121 PACS
- 242 Private
Major Initiatives …..

17. Agriculture Resource Centre at Abul Khurana
Fish Pond Milk Processing Unit
Farm Machinery
Centre
Soil Testing Lab
Class Room
Hands on Training in:
 Dairy and milk processing
 Operation and maintenance
of agricultural machinery
 Fish production
 Bee-keeping
 Crop production technology
PPP IN
AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION
 Soil and Water Testing Lab M/s. IMT Technologies, Pune
 Agriculture Machinery Service Centre M/s. Zimindara Farm Solutions, Fazilka
 Diagnostic Lab for Fisheries, Department of Fisheries
 Training Centre – Agriculture and allied departments
Another ARC is being set-up at Sohal in Gurdaspur
Major Initiatives …..

18. NFSM
Opening
Balance as on
01-04-2012
Receipt
during
2012-13
Total Expenditure
Balance
as on
01-04-2013
%
achievement
Wheat 513.74 2999.25 3512.99 3074.22 438.77 87.51
Pulses 220.75 794.50 1015.25 961.08 54.17 94.66
Publicity 8.27 0.0 8.27 3.11 5.16 37.61
Total 742.76 3793.75 4536.51 4038.41 498.10 89.02
UTILIZATION OF FUNDS UNDER NFSM
2012-13
RKVY sub-schemes i.e. BGREI and INSIMP are not operative in Punjab
(Lac Rs.)

19. INTER DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION
Excellent coordination with Line-departments :
 Department of Irrigation, power as well as BBMB. Purchased power worth Rs.5700
crore to meet the agricultural demand. A Committee has been constituted under
Principal Secretary, Agriculture for effective coordination, monitoring the availability
and utilization of canal water and power for Agriculture purposes.
 Department of Fertilizers, GoI and State handling agencies (Markfed, PAIC) for pre-
positioning and distribution of fertilizers.
 Supply of quality chemicals : A State level Committee under Principal Secretary
Agriculture and with Registrar Cooperative Societies as Convener has been set-up to
arrange quality chemicals.
 State Level Banker’s Committee and financial institutions. Scales of finance for
different crops revised regularly.
No inter-departmental issues

20. Status of NFSM-MIS
 Progress of financial Status up-dated
 APY of wheat and pulses of NFSM and Non-NFSM districts is up-loaded
 Target/Achievement report up-loaded
 District-wise financial outlay viz-a-viz achievement being loaded
 List of supplier/beneficiary is being up-dated

21. CHALLENGE THRUST
 Water use efficiency
 Balanced use of nutrients and their use
efficiency
 Crop diversification with focus on varietal
improvement to sustain food grain
production.
 Post harvest management and value
addition
 Management including utilization
 Mechanization
 Stability of performance
 Depleting underground water
 Deteriorating soil health
 Predominance of rice-wheat system
 Dependence on primary agriculture
 Straw burning
 Labour shortage
 Climate change
Vision: Diversified Sustainable Agriculture
FUTURE STRATEGY AND ROAD MAP FOR FOOD GRAIN
PRODUCTION

22. FUTURE STRATEGY AND
ROAD MAP FOR
FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION
 Formulation of State Agriculture Policy
 Formulation of Policy for Crop Residue
Management
 Formulation of State Agro-Industrial
Policy, 2013 to encourage investment
for agro-processing
 Enactment of Contract Farming Act, 2013
 Constitution of Commodity Specific
Boards viz. State Basmati Development
Board, State Maize Development Board,
State Pulses Development Board etc.
 Establishment of Centre of Excellence in
Maize in partnership with Monsanto
 Establishment of Centre of Excellence in
Water use Management with Jain
Irrigation
 Facilitation of Establishment of
Directorate of Maize Development at
Ludhiana

23.  Research trials of 1700 new varieties
of wheat including hybrid wheat are
being held in partnership with BISA
 Replacement of existing varieties
with new HYV viz. PAU-121 and 122
for rice, PUSA Punjab Basmati-1509 ,
HD-3086, HAU-1105
 Strengthening of Research- MoU
with BARC for Mutation Breeding
 Emphasis on Region specific
cultivation of crops
 Organization of Agricultural Summit
on 20-24 February, 2014 to attract
investment in Agriculture for
mechanization and technology up-
gradation
FUTURE STRATEGY AND
ROAD MAP FOR
FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION

24. Yield gaps analysis in wheat in various States (q/ha)
Award should for management which minimizes yield gaps not on
the basis of % increses.
Some Soul Searching
Paticulars Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
Agro-Climatic Region Semi-Arid Arid Semi-Arid
And Sub-humid
Semi-
Arid
Arid and
Semi Arid
Average yield (quintal/ha) 47.24 45.30 31.10 24.78 26.40
Total Yield Gap (%) 9.86 16.08 47.4 58.8 49.9
With smallest yield gap and highest area under irrigation – How to
increase the productivity?
With no scope to expend area (4.2 out of 5.03 mha already under plough)
– How to improve the production?
%age based ranking causes further damage (for 10% plus improvement
in productivity we have to improve yield by 5 quintal/ha whereas others
have to improve it by 2.5-3 qunital/ha)