The Hero MythJoseph Campbell The Power of MythProme.docx

The Hero Myth
Joseph Campbell: The Power of Myth
Prometheus
The myth of Prometheus
The Hero: those who act on the behalf
Give life to something, some idea bigger
The Myth of Prometheus
Zeus gives the task of creating humans to Prometheus and his
brother Epimetheus. Epimetheus, whose name means
“afterthought,” grants the animal kingdom all the joys of
creation—fur, wings, shells, and so on—until there seems to be
nothing left for man. He appeals to Prometheus for help.
Prometheus takes over and devises a way to make mankind
superior to the animals. First, he gives mankind an upright
shape like that of the gods. Then, he travels to the sun, where he
lights a torch and brings fire down to the earth. Zeus resents the
great advantages that Prometheus has given man, but he cannot
undo the gifts. He punishes Prometheus by binding him to a
rock and condemning him to a life of “no rest, no sleep, no
moment’s respite.”
The Myth of Prometheus
Zeus once received a prophecy that a son of his would one day

overthrow him—and that only Prometheus would know that
son’s name. Despite threats, Prometheus does not cave in to
Zeus’s pressure, instead choosing to endure an eagle’s feasting
on his flesh and liver every day.
As further revenge against Prometheus and the powers he has
given man, Zeus creates a woman named Pandora. Zeus gives
her a box and forbids her from opening it. He sends her down to
earth, where her insatiable curiosity leads her to open the lid.
Out fly plagues, sorrow, mischief, and all other misfortunes that
can plague mankind. Horrified, Pandora attempts to shut the lid
of the box, but it is too late. The only good element to fly out of
the box is hope.
4
A Hero’s Actions
Physical heroic deeds – soldiers in battle
Spiritual heroic deeds – a seeker of truth who then shares it
with others
Sacrifices life
The Heroic Cycle
The hero leaves “home”
A pilgrimage
A journey
Returns to disseminate truth to others
The heroic cycle reflected in various initiation rites culturally –
rites of passage, puberty

Graduations – something dies, a former self as undergraduate, is
then reborn – to matriculate, to give birth to a new life.
We are all heroes
Mythologist Joseph Campbell cites Otto Rank – psychoanalyst –
colleague and friend of Freud: “Everyone is a hero in birth.”
Birth a process of huge transformation – both physical and
psychological
Born in water, amniotic fluid and emerges as an air breathing
mammal
Unconscious vs conscious
The hero can sometimes be not of his or her own choice –
accidental – the hero is thrust into the heroic cycle; thrown into
a situations which call upon him or her to be heroic. He / she
may be ready but did not anticipate the event. Men/ women
drafted into the army during war.
Versus more conscious actions of the hero: In The Iliad and the
Odyssey: a son is called upon the gods to find his father who is
lost and can’t find his way home.
The Quest
The quest of the hero is essential / universal, according to
Campbell in all cultures.
The hero leaves the world as he / she knows it,
goes into a depth [ocean: Jonah and the whale] -
or into a distance, or height
to find what is missing in the consciousness of the hero
inherited from his / her former world,
makes a decision to stay and leave the former world

or to return home while holding on to what has been learned.
Examples
Moses climbs the mountain to receive the Ten Commandments.
Christ goes into the desert to find God, tempted by he devil,
but overcomes him.
Buddha goes on a spiritual pilgrimage, tempted three times –
lust, fear, social duty
All a spiritual journey in which there is a new consciousness
learned to pass on to the world.
The Hero’s Message
Rejected at first possibly
All preach the same in the myth
“You must lose yourself’ - the ego – give yourself over to a
greater force
To be a hero you must die into a new life
Beyond the self there is a deeper and more universal meaning;
you must release the ego to find it
The World of the Modern Hero
T.S. Elliot – The Wasteland
Modern life devoid of spiritual life
No mythology
Alienation from essential life experiences
Inauthenticity – no “aura” - Walter Benjamin
Life is mechanistic, formulaic, progress is the machine - The
Enlightenment - reason / science, technology have gone wrong
and become instrumental and used for not original meanings /
purposes.

The essential energy of life that connected man and science is
gone.
Quiz
Question 1 (1 point)
Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you
complete each question.
Imagine that you have located an article by two authors, Smith
and Jones. You would like to
integrate this article into your paper.
Which of the following is a correct example of how to cite this
source in your paper using APA
style?
a) The program did not result in an increase in test scores
(Smith and Jones 121).
b)
Smith and Jones argue that the program did not result in an
increase in test scores (Smith
and Jones 121).
c)
“Smith and Jones (2014) argue that ‘the program did not result
in an increase in test
scores’ (Smith and Jones, p. 121).”

d) "The program did not result in an increase in test scores”
(Smith and Jones, 2014, p. 121).
Save
You have found a book by David Brooks, Bobos in Paradise:
The New Upper Class and How They
Got There, that you have cited in your paper. You now need to
list this source in your References
list.
Which of the following is a correct example of how to list a
book in an APA references page
listing?
a)
Brooks, D. Bobos in paradise: The new upper class and how
they got there. New York: Simon
and Schuster, 2000.
b)
Brooks, D. (2000). Bobos in Paradise: The new upper class and
how they got there. New York:
Simon and Schuster.
c)
Brooks, David. Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and
How They Got There. New York:
Simon and Schuster. 2000.

d)
Brooks, D. (2000). Bobos in Paradise: The new upper class and
how they got there.
Published in New York by Simon and Schuster.
Save
In APA style, the References list for a paper should
a) begin on a new page within the paper.
b) Begin on the line after the last line of the paper.
c) be submitted separately from the paper as a separate
document.
d) not be submitted until after the paper has been graded.
Save
Imagine you have a book with the following title: Oversold and
Underused: Computers in the
Classroom.
How would you capitalize the letters in a references list in APA
style?
a) Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom

b) Oversold and underused: computers in the classroom
c) Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom
d) Oversold And Underused: Computers In The Classroom
Save
Imagine you have found an article on the web that does not have
an author and does not identify
a sponsoring organization. You would like to use this article as
a source for your paper. Your
citation for this source in your References list should begin with
which of the following?
a) the url for source
b) the title of the article
c) the date of the article's publication
d) the word Anonymous
Save
If a quote is 40 words or longer, then
a) place it in a free-standing block with a ½-inch margin and
don’t use quotation marks.
b) place it in a free-standing block with a ½-inch margin but
still use quotation marks.
c) single-space it in the paragraph and don’t use quotation
marks.

d) you are probably relying on the author too much. Don’t use a
quote this long.
Save
When searching on your topic, you located a paper by C.I.
Muntean on gamification. You would
like to cite this source in your paper.
You want to integrate this source into your writing by using a
signal phrase and then quoting
from Muntean. This is the first time in your paper that you are
citing Muntean.
Which of the following methods would be correct in APA style?
a)
Muntean (2011) argues, “By using gamification in e-learning we
wish to trigger a more
efficient and engaging learning behavior” (p. 1).
b)
Muntean argues, “By using gamification in e-learning we wish
to trigger a more efficient
and engaging learning behavior” (p. 1).
c)
“By using gamification in e-learning we wish to trigger a more
efficient and engaging
learning behavior” (2011, p. 1, Muntean).

d)
Muntean (p.1) argues, “By using gamificaton in e-learning we
wish to trigger a more
efficient and engaging learning behavior” (2011).
Save
When searching on your topic, you located a paper by C.I.
Muntean on gamification. The paper
was presented at a conference in Romania.
You would like to use the paper as a source for your essay.
Which of the following would be the
correct way to list the source in your References list in the
following manner:
a)
Muntean, C. I. (2011). Raising Engagement in E-Learning
through Gamification. Paper
presented at the 6th International Conference on Virtual
Learning ICVL 2012, Babes-Bolyai
University, Romania. Retrieved from
http://icvl.eu/2011/disc/icvl/documente/pdf/met/ICVL_ModelsA
ndMethodologies_paper42.pdf
b)
C. I. Muntean, 2011. “Raising Engagement in E-Learning
through Gamification.” Paper
presented at the 6th International Conference on Virtual

Learning ICVL 2012, Babes-Bolyai
University, Romania. Retrieved from
c)
Muntean, C. I. (2011). Raising engagement in e-learning
through gamification. Paper presented
at the 6th International Conference on Virtual Learning ICVL
2012, Babes-Bolyai University,
Romania. Retrieved from
d)
C.I. Muntean, 2011. Raising Engagement in E-Learning through
Gamification. Paper presented at
the 6th International Conference on Virtual Learning ICVL
2012, Babes-Bolyai University,
Romania. Retrieved from
Save
If you find an article online through UMUC’s OneSearch, you
should include the following in
your listing of that article:
a) The date on which you found the article
b) Either the digital object identifier (doi) or the url of the home
page of the journal

c) The name of the library database from which you accessed
the article
d)
The first name of the author (not the author’s first initial), since
the article was found
online
Save
The following is a good example of how to cite a source in a
paragraph:
a)
Example 1:
The review of the research on gamification in education
conducted by Dicheva, Dichev,
Agre, and Angelova (2015) showed that more direct, empirical
research on the
effectiveness of gaming on education is needed. Moreover, most
studies do not feature an
assessment on the effects of the gaming environment on student
learning (Dicheva,
Dichev, Agre, & Angelova, 2015). In addition, early adopters of
gamification techniques in
the classroom tended to be computer science instructors,
implying that a degree of
familiarity with the gaming environment is needed before seeing
significant trends in the
use of gamification in instruction (Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, &

Angelova, 2015). Overall, the
review demonstrated an acute need for more research and for a
supportive infrastructure
for gamification methods (Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, & Angelova,
2015).
b)
Example 2:
research on the
effectiveness of gaming on education is needed. Moreover, they
discovered that most
studies do not feature an assessment on the effects of the
gaming environment on
student learning. In addition, early adopters of gamification
techniques in the classroom
tended to be computer science instructors, implying that a
degree of familiarity with the
gaming environment is needed before seeing significant trends
in the use of gamification
in instruction (Dicheva, et al.) Overall, the review demonstrated
an acute need for more
research and for a supportive infrastructure for gamification
methods.
c)
Example 3:
The review of the research on gamification in education showed
that more direct,
empirical research on the effectiveness of gaming on education

is needed. Moreover, most
studies do not feature an assessment on the effects of the
gaming environment on student
learning. In addition, early adopters of gamification techniques
in the classroom tended to
be computer science instructors, implying that a degree of
familiarity with the gaming
environment is needed before seeing significant trends in the
use of gamification in
instruction. Overall, the review demonstrated an acute need for
more research and for a
supportive infrastructure for gamification methods ((Dicheva,
Dichev, Agre, & Angelova,
2015).
Example 4:
d)
Example 4:
research on the
effectiveness of gaming on education is needed. Moreover, most
studies do not feature an
assessment on the effects of the gaming environment on student
learning. In addition,
early adopters of gamification techniques in the classroom

tended to be computer science
instructors, implying that a degree of familiarity with the
gaming environment is needed
before seeing significant trends in the use of gamification in
instruction. Overall, the
review demonstrated an acute need for more research and for a
supportive infrastructure
for gamification methods.
Save
The following is a correct example of citing a source in APA
format:
a)
Research by Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, & Angelova supports the
argument that more research
is needed on gamification applications for education (2015).
b)
Research by Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, and Angelova supports the
argument that more
research is needed on gamification applications for education
(2015).
c)
Research by Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, and Angelova (2015)
supports the argument that more
research is needed on gamification applications for education.
d)
Research by Dicheva, Dichev, Agre, & Angelova (2015)
supports the argument that more
research is needed on gamification applications for education.
Save

Imagine you have found an article by Chen, Burton, Mihaela,
and Whittinghill. In that article, the
authors cite a quote from Hamari, Koivisto, and Sarsa. You
decide to use this quote in your paper.
This is an example of citing an indirect source. In other words,
you are citing a source that is
cited in another paper.
Which option would be the correct way to cite the source in
APA format and to list the source on
the References page in APA format?
a)
Choice #1:
Hamari, Koivisto, and Sarsa (as cited in Chen, Burton, Mihaela,
& D.M. Whittinghill, 2015, p.
39)…
Then, in the References list, you would list Hamari, Koivisto,
and Sarsa.
b)
Choice #2:
Chen, Burton, Mihaela, and Whittinghill (in their article, they
cite Hamari, Koivisto, and
Sarsa, 2014)…

Then, in the References list, you would list Chen, Burton,
Mihaela, and Whittinghill..
c)
Choice #3:
Chen, Burton, Mihaela, and Whittinghill (in their article, they
cite Hamari, Koivisto, and
Sarsa, 2014)…
Then, in the References list, you would list Hamari, Koivisto,
and Sarsa.
d)
Choice #4:
Hamari, Koivisto, and Sarsa (as cited in Chen, Burton, Mihaela,
& D.M. Whittinghill, 2015, p.
39)…
Then, in the References list, you would list Chen, Burton,
Mihaela, and Whittinghill.
Save
Which of the following is an example of the correct way to
quote a source if the text being
quoted is 40 words or longer?
a)
Choice 1:

b)
Choice 2:
c)
Choice 3:
d)
Choice 4:
Save
Consider the following scenario:
You are using a website from the Office of Budget and
Economics as a source in your paper.
The year for the website is 2015.
The website is divided into sections
You use information from the first paragraph of a section called
“Forecast Summary.”
You should integrate the source in the following way:
a)
According to the Office of Budget and Economics (2015),
lumber and log prices have

decreased dramatically in the past year (Forecast Summary
section, para. 1).
b)
decreased dramatically in the past year (“Office of Budget and
Economy,” para. 1).
c)
According to the Office of Budget and Economics (2015), in the
section called “Forecast
Summary,” lumber and log prices have decreased dramatically
in the past year (para. 1).
d)
decreased dramatically in the past year (paragraph 1, “Forecast
Summary”).
Save
Which of the following shows the correct indentation when
listing a source in APA format?
a)
Choice 1:
b)
Choice 2:

c)
Choice 3:
d)
Choice 4:
Save
Save All Responses Go to Submit Quiz

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