Nutrition

2.  Is a method which seeds are sown directly into the soil by
using special machines.
 Doesn’t involve transplanting of seedlings and therefore
results in less damage to the roots of seedlings.
 Widely used in planting paddy to obtain higher yields of
rice.

3.  Commercial technique for growing certain crop plants in
culture solution rather than soil.
 The roots of plants are immersed in a solution which
contains micronutrients and macronutrients required by
the plants in the correct proportions.

4.  Modified technique of hydroponics.
 Plants are suspended in a special chamber with the roots
exposed to the air.
 Nutrients solutions are sprayed to the roots of the plants at
suitable intervals.
 Plants roots absorb more oxygen in between the periods of
spraying

5.  Different plants varieties with certain beneficial
characteristics are selectively bred. Resulting varieties of
plants inherit the beneficial characteristics of both parents
plants.
 Increased nutritional value,higher yields and show great
resistance to disease and climatic changes.

6.  Involves the cross breeding of two different breed of
animals.
 Animals have selectively breed to enhance the yields of
milks, meat and other products.
 In Malaysia hybrid cattle called mafwiral is bred in farms
for its milk. Mafwiral is a cross between friesian cow and
sahiwal bull.
 Mafwiral produces more milk with low fat content.

7.  Entire plant can be generated from the cells or tissuesof
parents plant.
 The cell or tissues are taken from parent plant are grown
in a sterile culture medium or culture solution which
contain the nutrients and growth hormones.
 Plantlets which are produced can then b transplanted to
nurseries
 This method increase the agricultural yield of many crop
plants like papayas, pineapple and starfruits

8.  Has great potential in improving the quality and quantity
of food to meets the needs of an increasing world
population.
 This techniques enables the characteristics ofan
organismto be alterde by changing the genetic
composition of the organism.
 Involves the transfer of beneficial genes from one
organism to another organism.

9.  The genetically modified organism (GMO) is called a
transgenic organism.
 Developments in genetic ingeneering have enabled
transgenic crop plants such as wheat, tomatoes, legumes,
soya beans and potatoes to be cultivated commercially.
 The crop plants contains genes from other organism to
enhance growth, nutritional properties and resistance
against diseases.

10.  Soil should be cutivated in controlled manner so that not
all minerals are removed from it at any one time.
 Regular addition of organic or inorganic fertilisers returns
the nutrients to the soil.
 Ploughing helps increase aeration in the soil.

11.  To maintain and improve soil fertility and prevent build up
of pests which are peculiar to certain crop species.
 Differents plants are cultivated in succession on the same
plot of land over a period of time.

12.  The control of pests by biological means.
 Achieved by introducing a natural enemy of the pests,
such as a predator or parasite.
 The predators or parasites either killed or feed on the
pests.
 However care must be taken to avoid upsetting the natural
ecological balances.