Plant domestication began around 10,000 years ago when humans began agriculture. Through domestication, humans brought wild plant species under human management by selecting for desirable traits. This led to changes in the physical characteristics of plants over many generations as domesticated plants became dependent on humans for propagation. The main purposes of domestication were to obtain food, clothing, shelter and medicines. The process involved natural selection, spontaneous mutations, and selective breeding to develop cultivated varieties that differed from their wild ancestors in traits like yield, germination rates, and disease resistance. Domestication made plants better suited for agriculture but also less resistant to stresses over time.

1. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING
PLANT DOMESTICATION AND SELECTION
Dr. Shweta Gupta
( Faculty, Genetics and Plant Breeding)
College of Agriculture and Research station , Marra, Durg (C.G)
WELCOME

2. WHAT IS PLANT DOMESTICATION ???
The present day cultivated plants have been
derived from wild weedy species.
The first step in the development of cultivated
plants was Domestication.
“Domestication is bringing wild species under
human management”.
which began in 10,000 years ago
when humans began agriculture.

5. • “The process of bringing wild plants under
human management is referred to as plant
domestication.”- Domestication
• Domesticated plants are grown in farms
• Changes the physical characteristics
• Dependent upon humans for propagation.

22. PURPOSE OF DOMESTICATION:
• The man has brought wild plants under his
control for various purposes:
• Plants have been domesticated primarily for 5
main reasons:
1. Food
2. Clothes
3. Shelter
4. Medicines

23. PROCESS OF DOMESTICATION:
• It is generally believed that 3 main factors:
1. Natural selection
2. Spontaneous mutations
3. Carefully controlled selective breeding are
responsible for many of the collective changes
associated with domestication.

24. WILD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS:
• Domesticated plants they differ from their wild
species in several characteristics such as plant
habit, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,
yield potential, germination dormancy, grain
quality, survival in nature, toxic substances and
harvest index.
• In some crops, domesticated species differ
significantly from their wild species such as in
case of corn.
• The ear size of domesticated corn is several
times longer than wild species.

25. Effects of Plant domestication:
The major effects of plant domestication include:
1. Higher germination rates.
2. Greater germination predictability
3. More uniform timing of germination.
4. Reduction of toxicity
5. Changes in biomass allocation
6. Change in life cycle
7. Change in quality of produce in terms of colour,
taste and odour
8. Improvement in the productivity of the economic
plant part.

26. LIMITATIONS OF DOMESTICATION:
1. Domestication is a very slow process. It takes
hundreds of years to bring a wild plant under
domestication.
2. Wild plants have several undesirable traits.
elimination of such traits requires continuous
breeding efforts.
3. The domestication leads to reduction in the
resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic. less
resistant to stresses than the wild counter
parts.
4. The domestication makes the plants human
dependent for their reproduction.

27. • SELECTION:
“When different genotypes present in a
population reproduce at a different rates, it is
called selection.”
• POPULATION:
defined as a group of individuals, which mate
or can mate freely with each other.

28. • SELECTION can be of two types:
1. Natural selection
2. Artificial selection
Depending on the agency responsible for it.
1. NATURAL SELECTION:
Selection due to natural forces like climate, soil,
biological factors e.g. diseases, insect pests
etc.
It occurs in natural populations i.e., wild forms
and wild species.

29. 2. Artificial selection:
• is carried out by humans and is confined to
domesticated species.
• It allows only the selected plants to reproduce,
makes plants more useful to humans.
• Plants are grown under carefully managed
conditions.
• “Our present day crops are the products of
continued artificial selection.”

30. Types of Selection:
1. Directional selection
2. Stabilizing selection
3. Disruptive selection