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Vegetable Grafting Against Biotic and Abiotic Stress
- 1. Vegetable Grafting Against Bioticand Abiotic Stress Ubaid Abdul Khaliq
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- 5. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Necessity • Increasing global warming • Expansion of the saline affected area • Lack of availability quality water storage in arid lands
- 6. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Irrigation With Saline Water Cohen et al., 2007
- 7. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Flooding Tolerance • Vegetables high sensitivity to moisture, during flooding or heavy rainfall cause a significant loss in yield. • Oxygen starvation occur in water logged condition. • Problems caused by flooding may be solved by growing flood- tolerant crops or grafting intolerant plants onto tolerant ones. • Grafted plants exhibit the formation of adventitious roots and aerenchyma tissue after 3 days, under flooded condition but it id not seen in non-grafted plants. (Liao & Lin 1996; Kato et al, 2001)
- 8. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Flooding Tolerance Bhat et al. (2015), Liao & Lin (1996), Rootstock Scion Improved Characteristics Eggplant (Solanum melongena) cv. Arka Neelkanth, Mattu Gulla, BPLH1 and Arka Keshav Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Arka Rakshak • Lesser decline in photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence • Stomatal conductance and CO2 concentration Luffa (Luffa cylindria Roem) Bitter melon (Momordia charanthia) cv. New Known You #3 • stomatal conductance, transpiration, and the activity of RuBisCO C. annuumcv.Toom-1 Chilli • Increase in yield
- 9. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Drought resistant • Decreased participation and increased air temperature result in drought conditions. • Heavy losses occur due to drought conditions. • Water use efficiency(WUE) can be achieved by grafting high yielding susceptible cultivars onto rootstocks capable of reducing the effect of water stress on the shoot.
- 10. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Drought Resistant Wahb-Allah (2014), Ibrahim et al, (2014) Rootstock Scion Improvements Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Unifort Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Farida Increased WUE, growth, and yield were observed in grafted plants Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) rootstock lines Atlante, Terrano Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) cv. Herminio High photosynthetic activity, leaf water content Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Faridah Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Unifort Vigorous plants and better fruit quality (increased vitamin C, total soluble salts, and total sugar levels)
- 11. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Thermal Stress • Vegetable are highly susceptible to high or low temperature • Temperature extremes result in necrosis or wilting and devastating effect on fruit timing. • In temperate and subtropical regions low temperature is a serious problem impacting the seed germination, seedling growth and plant development. • High temperature in tropical environment result in decreased fruit set, reducing fruit quality.
- 12. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Thermal Stress (Okimura, et al. ; Abdelmageed and Gruda , 2009) Root Stock Scion Improvements S. lycopersicon x S. habrochaites Tomato • Higher yields even at 10C to 13C Brinjal Tomato • Enhanced vegetative growth at 280C decreased total fruit dry weight
- 13. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Salinity Giuffrida et al. (2015), Rouphael et al. 2012 Rootstock Scion Improvement S. torvum Brinjal Salinity resistance Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima Duch. X Cucurbita moschata Duch.) ‘P360’ and ‘PS13132’ Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Cyrano b) Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Akito Smaller effect of salinity on the net photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance
- 14. Influence of Graftingon abiotic Stresses Harmful Pollutants • It includes all the chemicals use for plant protection, irrigation with reclaimed waste water and sewage sludge. • Grafting alter ability of plant to filter uptake of potentially harmful organic pollutants. Arao et al., (2008) Rootstock Scion Influence Solanum torvum Solanum melongena Reduction in candium concentration
- 15. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses • Reduce the use of pesticides and weedicides • Eco-friendly • A better and strategy than biological control techniques
- 16. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Grafted Watermelon Vs Non-Grafted Water melon( Verticillium Wilt)
- 17. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Bacterial Wilt: Grafted vs Non-Grafted
- 18. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Arthropods (Edelstein et al., 2000), (Alvarez-Hernandez et al., 2009). Insect Scion Root Stock Carmine spider mite cucurbit scions Lagenaria rootstock whiteflies Tomato wild Solanum sp.
- 19. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Fungal Diseases Disease Fungi scion Rootstock Monosporascus sudden wilt Monosporascus cannonballus susceptible melon C. maxima Duch. and C. maxima · C. moschata Phytophtera Blight P. capsici Watermelons selected bottle gourd Corky root disease Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Tomatoes, Eggplants ‘Beaufort’ rootstocks (S. lycopersicum · S. habrochaites
- 20. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Bacterial Diseases Disease Bacteria Scion Root Stock Tomato bacterial wilt Ralstonia solanacearum Susceptible Tomato brinjal rootstocks
- 21. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Nematodes Nematod Disease Scion Rootstock Root-knot nematodes Root galling Melons C. metuliferus
- 22. Influence of Graftingon biotic Stresses Virus (Huitron-Ramirez et al., 2009), Iouannou (2001) Virus Disease Scion Rootstock Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) Wilting watermelon Shintosa Camelforce Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(TYLCV) - Tomato Egg Plant
- 23. References • Louws, F.J., Rivard, C. L., & Kubota, C. (2010). Grafting fruiting vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 127–146. • Ashok Kumar, B., & Sanket, K. (2017). Grafting of vegetable crops as a tool to improve yield and tolerance against diseases- A review. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN, 0975-3710. • Singh, H., Sethi, S., Kaushik, P., & Fulford, A. (2019). Grafting vegetables for mitigating environmental stresses under climate change: a review. Journal of Water and Climate Change.