Vegetable grafting is a very effective technique to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses that crop face during production period. Vegetable grafting results in improved crop yield.

1. Vegetable Grafting Against
Biotic and Abiotic Stress
Ubaid Abdul Khaliq

2. Vegetable Grafting

3. Vegetable Grafting
Root
Stock
Scion
Abiotic and
abiotic
stress
resistant
plant

4. Vegetable Grafting
Grafting Robots

5. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Necessity
• Increasing global warming
• Expansion of the saline affected area
• Lack of availability quality water storage in arid lands

6. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Irrigation With Saline Water
Cohen et al., 2007

7. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Flooding Tolerance
• Vegetables high sensitivity to moisture, during flooding or heavy
rainfall cause a significant loss in yield.
• Oxygen starvation occur in water logged condition.
• Problems caused by flooding may be solved by growing flood-
tolerant crops or grafting intolerant plants onto tolerant ones.
• Grafted plants exhibit the formation of adventitious roots and
aerenchyma tissue after 3 days, under flooded condition but it id
not seen in non-grafted plants.
(Liao & Lin 1996; Kato et al, 2001)

8. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Flooding Tolerance
Bhat et al. (2015), Liao & Lin (1996),
Rootstock Scion Improved Characteristics
Eggplant (Solanum
melongena) cv. Arka
Neelkanth, Mattu Gulla,
BPLH1 and Arka Keshav
Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum) cv. Arka
Rakshak
• Lesser decline in
photosynthetic rate and
chlorophyll fluorescence
• Stomatal conductance
and CO2 concentration
Luffa (Luffa cylindria
Roem)
Bitter melon (Momordia
charanthia) cv. New
Known You #3
• stomatal conductance,
transpiration, and the
activity of RuBisCO
C. annuumcv.Toom-1 Chilli • Increase in yield

9. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Drought resistant
• Decreased participation and increased air temperature result in
drought conditions.
• Heavy losses occur due to drought conditions.
• Water use efficiency(WUE) can be achieved by grafting high
yielding susceptible cultivars onto rootstocks capable of
reducing the effect of water stress on the shoot.

10. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Drought Resistant
Wahb-Allah (2014), Ibrahim et al, (2014)
Rootstock Scion Improvements
Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.) cv.
Unifort
Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.) cv.
Farida
Increased WUE, growth,
and yield were observed
in grafted plants
Sweet pepper
(Capsicum annum)
rootstock lines Atlante,
Terrano
Sweet pepper
(Capsicum annum) cv.
Herminio
High photosynthetic
activity, leaf water
content
Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.) cv.
Faridah
Tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.) cv.
Unifort
Vigorous plants and
better fruit quality
(increased vitamin C,
total soluble salts, and
total sugar levels)

11. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Thermal Stress
• Vegetable are highly susceptible to high or low temperature
• Temperature extremes result in necrosis or wilting and
devastating effect on fruit timing.
• In temperate and subtropical regions low temperature is a
serious problem impacting the seed germination, seedling
growth and plant development.
• High temperature in tropical environment result in decreased
fruit set, reducing fruit quality.

12. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Thermal Stress
(Okimura, et al. ; Abdelmageed and Gruda , 2009)
Root Stock Scion Improvements
S. lycopersicon x S.
habrochaites
Tomato • Higher yields even at
10C to 13C
Brinjal Tomato • Enhanced vegetative
growth at 280C
decreased total fruit
dry weight

13. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Salinity
Giuffrida et al. (2015), Rouphael et al. 2012
Rootstock Scion Improvement
S. torvum Brinjal Salinity resistance
Cucurbita hybrid
rootstocks (Cucurbita
maxima Duch. X
Cucurbita moschata
Duch.) ‘P360’ and
‘PS13132’
Melon (Cucumis melo
L.) cv. Cyrano b)
Cucumber (Cucumis
sativus L.) cv. Akito
Smaller effect of salinity
on the net
photosynthetic rate (PN)
and stomatal
conductance

14. Influence of Grafting on abiotic Stresses
Harmful Pollutants
• It includes all the chemicals use for plant protection, irrigation
with reclaimed waste water and sewage sludge.
• Grafting alter ability of plant to filter uptake of potentially harmful
organic pollutants.
Arao et al., (2008)
Rootstock Scion Influence
Solanum torvum Solanum melongena Reduction in candium
concentration

15. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
• Reduce the use of pesticides and weedicides
• Eco-friendly
• A better and strategy than biological control techniques

16. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Grafted Watermelon Vs Non-Grafted Water melon(
Verticillium Wilt)

17. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Bacterial Wilt: Grafted vs Non-Grafted

18. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Arthropods
(Edelstein et al., 2000), (Alvarez-Hernandez et al., 2009).
Insect Scion Root Stock
Carmine spider mite cucurbit scions Lagenaria rootstock
whiteflies Tomato wild Solanum sp.

19. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Fungal Diseases
Disease Fungi scion Rootstock
Monosporascus
sudden wilt
Monosporascus
cannonballus
susceptible melon C. maxima Duch.
and C. maxima ·
C. moschata
Phytophtera
Blight
P. capsici Watermelons selected bottle
gourd
Corky root
disease
Pyrenochaeta
lycopersici
Tomatoes,
Eggplants
‘Beaufort’
rootstocks (S.
lycopersicum · S.
habrochaites

20. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Bacterial Diseases
Disease Bacteria Scion Root Stock
Tomato bacterial
wilt
Ralstonia
solanacearum
Susceptible
Tomato
brinjal rootstocks

21. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Nematodes
Nematod Disease Scion Rootstock
Root-knot
nematodes
Root galling Melons C. metuliferus

22. Influence of Grafting on biotic Stresses
Virus
(Huitron-Ramirez et al., 2009), Iouannou (2001)
Virus Disease Scion Rootstock
Melon necrotic
spot virus
(MNSV)
Wilting watermelon Shintosa
Camelforce
Tomato Yellow
Leaf Curl
Virus(TYLCV)
- Tomato Egg Plant

23. References
• Louws, F. J., Rivard, C. L., & Kubota, C. (2010). Grafting fruiting
vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens,
arthropods and weeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 127(2), 127–146.
• Ashok Kumar, B., & Sanket, K. (2017). Grafting of vegetable
crops as a tool to improve yield and tolerance against diseases-
A review. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN,
0975-3710.
• Singh, H., Sethi, S., Kaushik, P., & Fulford, A. (2019). Grafting
vegetables for mitigating environmental stresses under climate
change: a review. Journal of Water and Climate Change.