2. Outline
• Pathophysiology of asthma
• Clinical symptoms of asthma
• Laboratory tests
• How is asthma diagnosed or screened?
• Precipitating factors
• Goal and asthma therapy
• Assessment of asthma
• Assessment of current medication
• How to exacerbation management ?
10. Mean forced expiratory
flow during the middle half
of FVC (FEF25-75):
ผลการคานวณ slope จากกราฟเส้นตรง
ระหว่าง FEF 25% ถึง FEF 75%
มีหน่วย L/min
A. Spirometry
16. Lab test
• Allergy testing
Skin prick test: Check specific IgE
• Chest X-ray: Check air leak
• Other test : Found eosinophil in sputum > 4%
Check Total IgE
60. Reliever + Controller
A. Medium/ High dose ICS + LABA
B. High dose ICS + LTRA
C. High dose ICS + Low dose Theophylline
Step 5
+
Anti-IgE (omalizumab)
Or systemic corticosteroids
62. Omalizumab
Drug stored at 2-8 C
Ship at room temp.
Dissolved by SWI 1.4 mL
Swirled gently 5-10 seconds
q 5 min ≥ 20 min
Slow Subcutaneous
Repeat q 2-4 wk
Time to peak 1 wk
Half life 26 d
Its S/E: headache,
Injection site pain,
Increased infection
64. Systemic corticosteroid
• Systemic corticosteroids could resolve exacerbation
and prevent relapse rapidly
• Oral is as effective as IV
• Dose:
- Adult: prednisolone 1 mg/kg max 50 mg/d
or hydrocortisone 200 mg divided dose
- Children: prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg max 40 mg/d
• Duration: 5-7 d be as effective as 10-14 d
Note: - Oral dexamethasone for 2 d (concern metabolic S/E)
- Short term use several weeks (no benefit of tapering dose)
82. When is the right time to discharge ???
After severity assessment
and management
83. Management of exacerbation
1. Oxygen therapy (Keep O2 SAT ≥ 95 %)
2. SABA (nebulizer) for bronchodilator
3. Epinephrine for anaphylaxis
4. Systemic corticosteroids
5. ICS (when discharge)
Other treatment:
- Ipratopium bromide (more efficacy than SABA)
- Aminophylline (poor efficacy and safety)
- Magnesium sulfate 2 g infusion over 20 min
(may be improved when FEV1<50%)
- Helium oxygen therapy (used when not respond
standard therapy)