Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a serious condition caused by infection or trauma spreading to the cavernous sinus. It presents with multiple cranial neuropathies including oculomotor palsies. Treatment involves aggressive intravenous antibiotics targeting likely pathogens for 3-4 weeks along with consideration of anticoagulation to prevent further thrombosis, though anticoagulation is contraindicated if bleeding is present. Prognosis has improved with treatment but morbidity from visual impairment and cranial nerve deficits remains high.