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2. Ionic liquid
• Ionic liquids are salts, with melting points below ambient
temperature
• They are composed solely of anions and cations – no water
is present
• Their regular, ordered structure gives them very different
properties to conventional liquids
• Ionic liquids based on imidazole have been well studied as
novel solvents

3. History
Discovery of first ionic liquid is disputed along
with the identity of its
discoverer.Ethanolammonium nitrate was reported
in 1888 by S.Gabriel and J.Weiner.
One of the earliet truly temperature ionic liquids
was ethylammonium nitrate reported in 1914 by
Paul Walden.In the 1970s and 1980s,ionic liquid
based on alkyl substituted imidazolium and
pyridinium cations ,
With halide or tetrahalogenoaluminate anions,were
developed as potential electrolytes in batteries.

4. Chemical structure of an ionic
liquid
 Chemical structures of common ionic
liquids such as 1 butyl 3 methyl imidazolium
hexa fluorophosphates
(BMIM)PF6 given as

5. Why ionic liquid exist in liquid
state?
 Some salts are liquid at or below room
temperature.
 Most of salts have ionic bond which is a strong
bond.

6. Answer
 There are small and symmetrical ionic pairs i.e
cations and anions present in ionic solids eg NaCl
while in ionic liquids big and non symmetrical ion
pairs i.e cations and anions are present . So
binding is not so strong in ionic liquids such as in
ionic solids.
 So some ionic liquids may not freeze down to
very low temperature below -150 degree
centigrade.

7. Properties of Ionic Liquids
They have wide range of properties. Ionic liquids
are
 Moderate to poor conductor of electricity.
 High viscous
 Having low combustibility.
 Having low vapor pressure.
 Thermally stable
 Having favorable solvating properties for range
of polar and non polar compounds.
 Ionic liquids can serve as solvents for bio
catalysts.
 Their miscibility varies in water or organic
solvents with slide chain length of cation and with
the choice of anion.

8. Application of Ionic Liquids in
Pharmaceuticals
 There are application of ILS to solve critical
pharmaceutical problems such as low
solubility in biological fluids and presence of
polymorphs which severely hamper the
efficacy of important commercially available
drugs.
 Development of strategies to use ILS as
carrier of pharmaceutically active compounds
in an extremely promising ounce.
 They have widely tunable properties with
regard to polarity lydrophobicity and solvent
miscibility.

9. Protein stabilization and
Biopreservation in ILS
 Instability of proteins that have
pharmaceutical potential is a limitation
of some protein therapeutics so
protein stabilization and
biopreservation in ILS and other very
popular topics of interest for
pharmaceutical industry.

10. Ionic liquid as solvent
 ILS are used as solvents in synthesis
of APIs, provided novel drug delivery
options and serve as solutions for
polymorphic molecules.

11. ILS
 There is use of APIs as cations as anions
combined with counter ions from IL tools so
that liquids APIs can be obtained and their
bioavailability related properties evaluated.
This is illustrated as

12. Improvement of waste
minimization
 Improvement of waste minimization in
pharmaceutical industry is mandatory so
that its status in broad contacts of green
chemistry can be revised.
 Organic hazardous solvents should be
replaced by greener solvents such as
ionic liquids showing negligible vapor
pressure.
 Further , the rigorous choice of cations
and anions can provide a special
interactions with specific group of solute
which are essential in the solubilization
of complex molecules such as APIs and
their precursors.

13. Synthesis Of Pharmaceutical
Drugs Using ILS as Alternative
Media Reactions in ILS are often faster and
easier to carry out compared to those in
conventional organic solvents and
usually require no special apparatus and
methodologies.
 Despite the large array of different
cations and anions in the IL toolbox the
(C4MIM) cations combined with the
(BF4) or (PF6) anions have been used
most oftenly as solvents in synthesis of
APIs.

14. Synthesis Of Antiviral Drugs
Using ILS
 Synthesis of nucleoside based
antiviral drugs (brivudine , stavudine ,
trifluridine) using ILS such as 1-
methoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium-
methanesulfonate,1-methoxyethyl-3-
methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate and
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
trifluoroacetate as reaction media in
high yield (90-91%) and in short
reaction time 20-25min as a single
product.

15. Synthesis Of Antiviral Drugs
Using ILS
 Importantly, ILs methodology resulted
in a higher purity product as well as
ten fold decrease in solvents
consumption compared with standard
reaction media.

16. Use Of ILS in Synthesis of Drugs
With Anti-tumor Potential
 Zaidleuicz used ILS [C4MIM] [X] [X=BF4 or
PF6] in the synthesis BPA (1-4-
boronophenylalanine) a clinically approved
drugs in boron neutron capture therapy.
 Cross coupling reaction with pinacol borane
using protected p- iodophenyl alanine was
performed in [C4MIM] [BF4] enabling
synthesis of L-BPA in good yields after
20min.
 Kurata developed a novel biocatalysts
procedure providing several CAPE analogs'
with potential antiproliferative effect on
human tumor cells.

17. Preparation of NSAIDS (Non-
Steroid anti inflammatory Drugs)
using ILs as reactio n media
 Synthesis of pravadoline was
performed in imidazolium based ILs by
combined friedel combined friedel
crefts reaction and nucleophilic
displacement reaction
 No catalysts or strictly anhydrous
conditions are required in reactions
preformed in Ils as reaction media

18. Application of ionic liquid in drug
delivery
 Array of new IL based drug-delivery strategies
such as micro emulsions,iongels,functionalized
silica,and polymeric Ils provide use of Ils in
pharmacy
 Development of IL in oil micro emulsions for the
delivery of sparingly water soluble drugs worked
out in 2010
 The solubility of a cyclovir a poor water soluble
antiviral in [CL-Cumim] based Ils combined with
variety of anions was measured
 It was measured that acyclovir is soluble only in
Ils possessing Co-Ordinating onions that are
strong hydrogen band aceptors such as acetate
and dimethyl phosphate

19. Use of polycationic ILs as gene
delivery vectors
 Non viral gene delivery vectors are
usually positively charged that strongly
interact with both negatively charged
DNA and negatively charged cell
membranes.
 Poly ILs assembles the negitively
charged DNA molecules forming a stable
complex with a diameter of 330nm.
 Its successfully mediate the gene
expression without the aid of exogenious
agent.

20. Use of ionic liquids as cosolvents
 Drugs-Protein interaction can be
increased by using Ils
 Incorporatin of nimesulide in an IL-
Based system increased the binding
affinity between nimesulide and
albumine
 it indicates a more favourable
interaction of drug with biological
membranes, When small amout of Ils
small amount of Ils was used

21. Preparation
 Preparation of API-ILs is reported as
a novel approach for elimination of
polymorphism
 Polymorphism is tendency of API to
crystallize polymorphism hamper the
efficacy of drug.
Selection of cation with more diffuse
charge decrease melting point of drug.

22. Cetyle
 Cetyle pyridinium chloride as an
antiseptic drugs M.P =11 degree
centigrade. Bretylium as an analgesic
are some examples that can be
classified as API – ILS.

23. AMP ionic liquid
 Ampicillium ILS shows growth
inhibition and efficient bectericidal
properties against E.Coli..
 Ampicillin – ILS act as strong
antiproliferatine activity against human
cancer line cells.
 Some of prepare ampicillum ILS
showed no polymorphism as well as
improved water solubility.

24. Conclusion
 An ionic liquid is a salt in liquid state .
 These are the salts whose melting
point is below arbitrary temprature.
 Ionic liquid have wide variety of
characteristics having low vapour
pressure,high solubility ,non
flammability.
 They have novel role in drug delivery
and serving as a solution in
polymorphic molecules.