The document discusses glass and ceramics. It defines glass as a hard, fragile, transparent amorphous inorganic material made through fusion of silica sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone at 1500 degrees. Ceramics are principally made from clay and boiling water, and have been widely used since antiquity for containers, figures, bricks, tiles, and insulation. The document notes applications of glass in construction for properties like security and insulation, and uses like windows and lenses. Ceramics have been used for containers, religious figures, bricks, tiles, sculpture, and thermal/electrical insulation.