This document discusses how living things interact with and adapt to their environments. It covers how organisms adapt to various environmental factors like water scarcity, temperature changes, light levels, salt concentrations, oxygen levels, and lack of food. It also addresses how populations of animals are organized and how their numbers change over time based on carrying capacity and reproductive strategies. Finally, it examines the dynamics of communities and the various interspecific relationships within communities, including predation, competition, parasitism, symbiosis, and mutualism.

1. UNIT 9
LIVING THINGS IN
THEIR ENVIRONMENT

2. 1. Environmental factors

3. 2. Adaptations
Specialist and generalist species

4. Adaptations to water scarcity

5. Adaptations to temperature changes

6. Adaptations to light

7. Adaptations to varying salt concetration

8. Adaptations to lack of oxygen

9. Adaptations to lack of food

10. 3. How living things change their environment

11. 4. Populations
Animal grouping

12. Population dynamics
Carrying capacity

13. Populations growth strategies
R-strategists K-strategists

14. Populations growth

15. 5. Communities

16. Dynamics of communities
Primary succession

17. Dynamics of communities
Secondary succession

18. Communities and the soil

19. Interespecific relationships within communities
Predation (+,-)

20. Interespecific relationships within communities
Competition (-,-)

21. Interespecific relationships within communities
Parasitism (+,-)

22. Interespecific relationships within communities
Social parasitism (+,-)

23. Interespecific relationships within communities
Comensalism (+,0)

24. Interespecific relationships within communities
Symbiosis (+,+)

25. Interespecific relationships within communities
Inquilinism (+,0)

26. Interespecific relationships within communities
Mutualism (+,+)