An ecosystem is a community of living and non-living things that function together within a specific environment. Ecosystems can vary in size from small like a pond to very large like oceans, and are made up of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants produce their own food through photosynthesis, consumers include herbivores, carnivores and omnivores that eat producers or other consumers, and decomposers break down dead organic matter and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem.

1. ECOSYSTEMS
Interaction
between
living things.
Interaction
between
living things.
What are
ecosystems?
What are
ecosystems?
Types of
ecosystems
Types of
ecosystems
What
ecosystems
are made up of.
What
ecosystems
are made up of.
The food chainThe food chain
Human
influence:
Recycling.
Human
influence:
Recycling.

2. LIVING and NON-LIVING THINGS
LIVING THINGSLIVING THINGS
 Movement
 Reproduce
 Sensitive
 Nutrition
 Excretion
 Breath
 Grow
Example: a dog
NON-LIVING THINGSNON-LIVING THINGS
 Don´t move
 Don´t reproduce
 Don´t feel anything
 Don´t get energy
 Don´t remove waste
 Don´t breathe
 Don´t grow
Example: a computer

3. LIVING and NON-LIVING THINGS
LIVING THINGSLIVING THINGS
 Movement
 Reproduce
 Sensitive
 Nutrition
 Excretion
 Breath
 Grow
Example: a dog
NON-LIVING THINGSNON-LIVING THINGS
 Don´t move
 Don´t reproduce
 Don´t feel anything
 Don´t get energy
 Don´t remove waste
 Don´t breathe
 Don´t grow
Example: a computer

4. An ECOSYSTEM is
a community of living
and non-living things
that function
together.
a community of living
and non-living things
that function
together.

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6. Within an ecosystem,
organisms are
interdependent and
adapted to the
environment.

7. Ecosystems can be as
large as a desert or
a sea and
as small as a tree
or a pond.

8. Examples of ecosystems:
• Coral reefs
• Rainforests
• Deep seas
• Deserts
• Tundra
• Savanna
• Urban centers: cities.

9. Animal Adaptation
• All living things have to be suited / adapted to
their environment if they are to survive.
• These animal adaptations can be:
- Corporal adaptations (parts of the body which
allow to do something)
- Behavioural adaptations (Actions: go away in
winter to avoid cold)
• Fish have streamlined bodies, fins and specially shaped tails to help
them move quickly and easily through the water.
• Squirrels have sharp, strong claws for gripping tree trunks and
branches and strong teeth for eating nuts.

10. How is the seal adapted to
its environment?
Flippers to help it
swim.
Streamlined shape.
Thick layer of body
fat to keep it warm.
Strong teeth to
catch fish.
Forward-facing
eyes for clear vision
ahead.
Hind legs have evolved
into a a strong rudder-
like tail.

11. The cactus stores
water in its
very wide stem.

12. His fur is thick
and warm to keep
him insulated
in icy conditions.
His fur is thick
and warm to keep
him insulated
in icy conditions.
His paws produce
an oil that stop
his feet from
freezing.
His paws produce
an oil that stop
his feet from
freezing.
His coat is snowy
white to camouflage
himself in its habitat
His coat is snowy
white to camouflage
himself in its habitat
POLAR
BEAR

13. We can wear clothing to protect
us from the environment we are
living in.

14. PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS
and DECOMPOSERS.
Within an ecosystem, there are:
PRODUCERS,
CONSUMERS and
DECOMPOSERS.

15. PRODUCERS
Plants are called PRODUCERS. This is because
they produce their own food! They do this by
using light energy from the sun, carbon
dioxide from the air and water from the soil to
produce food (photosynthesis).
Plants and seaweed (algae) are the producers
in most ecosystems.

16. CONSUMERSCONSUMERS
• Animals are called CONSUMERS. This is
because they cannot make their own food, so
they need to consume (eat) plants or animals.
There are 3 groups of consumers:
o HERBIVORES: animals that eat only plants.
o CARNIVORES: animals that eat only animals.
o OMNIVORES: animals that eat both, animals
and plants.

17. DECOMPOSERSDECOMPOSERS
• Bacteria and fungi are DECOMPOSERS. They
eat dead plants and animals and decompose
them. When that happens, they release
nutrients and mineral salts back into the soil –
which then will be used by plants.