Somo la 27

Somo la 27
Matumizi ya have na has kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki.
- Katika somo hili have hutumika kama tendo la kumiliki likiwa katika hali ya (BF),
na has hutumika kama tendo la kumiliki lililoongezwa (s, es, au ies).
Hivyo basi, itakapokuwa have kama tendo la kumiliki ndipo itakapokuwa speak kama
tendo la kuzungumza. Itakapokuwa has kama tendo la kumiliki ndipo itakapokuwa
speaks kama tendo la kuzungumza.
(1).(a). Have kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati uliopo:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Present Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N+T(BF), au N+T(s, es, ies) na kanuni ya swali ni
S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi za upande wa maswali ni: Do na Does.
Soma kwa makini mifano ifuatayo:-
(1).(a).(i). Kiswahili: Nina pesa nyingi.
Kiingereza: I have a lot of money.
Kanuni: N+T(BF).
Tamka: (Ai hevu e lot ovu mane).
(1).(a).(ii).Swali: Je, una pesa nyingi?
Kiingereza: Do you have a lot of money?
Kanuni: S+ N+ T(BF)
Tamka: (Du yu hevu e lot ovu mane)?
(1).(a). (iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, nina pesa nyingi.
Kiingereza: Yes, I have a lot of money.
Kanuni: YES+ N+T(BF).
Tamka: (Yesi, Ai hevu e lot ovu mane).
(1).(a).(iv).Jibu: Hapana, sina pesa nyingi.
Kiingereza: No, I don’t have a lot of money.
Tamka: (No, Ai donti hevu e lot ovu mane).
Siyo sahihi kusema:-
No, I haven’t a lot of money - kwa tafsiri ya - Hapana sina pesa nyingi. Ukisema hivi
utakuwa umeitumia have kama saidizi na siyo kama tendo la kumiliki.
(1).

(1).(b). Has kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati uliopo:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Present Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N+T(BF), au N+T(s, es, ies) na kanuni ya swali ni
S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi za upande wa maswali ni: Do na Does.
(1).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Yeye „mwanaume‟ ana nyumba nzuri.
Kiingereza: He has a good house.
Kanuni: N+T(s)
Tamka: (Hi hezi e gudi hausi).
(1).(b).(ii). Swali: Je, “yeye mwanaume” ana nyumba nzuri?
Kiingereza: Does he have a good house?
Kanuni: S + N +T(BF)
Tamka: (Dazi hi hevu e gudi hausi)?
(1).(b). (iii).Jibu: Ndiyo yeye ‟mwanaume‟ ana nyumba nzuri.
Kiingereza: Yes, he has a good house.
Kanuni: YES+ N+ T(s)
Tamka: (Yesi, hi hezi e gudi hausi).
(1).(b).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, yeye „mwanaume‟ hana nyumba nzuri.
Kiingereza: No, he doesn’t have a good house.
Tamka: (No, hi dazinti hevu e gudi hausi).
Katika mifano hii have imetumika sambamba na he ikiwa ni tofauti na tulivyozoea
kuona kwamba he uenda na has, hii ni kwasababu katika somo hili have ni BF ya
tendo la kumiliki na siyo saidizi, yaani imetumika kama vile go ambayo ni BF katika
tendo la kwenda. Pia tumeona kwamba has imetumika kama tendo la kumiliki lenye
s, es au ies, kama vile itumikavyo goes katika tendo la kwenda.
Hivyo basi kama vile ambavyo huwezi kuuliza Does he goes to school? ndivyo pia
huwezi kuuliza - Does he has a good house? kwani katika somo hili sifa za has ni sawa
kabisa na sifa za matendo yote yaliyoongezwa s, es au ies kama vile plays, goes,
cries nk, na sifa za have ni sawa kabisa na sifa za matendo yote yaliopo katika hali ya
BF kama vile play, go, cry nk. Vilevile kama ambavyo huwezi kutoa jibu la hapana
kwa kusema - No, he doesn’t goes to school, pia huwezi kutoa jibu la hapana kwa
kusema - No, he doesn’t has a good house kwa tafsiri ya hapana yeye „mwanaume‟
hana nyumba nzuri.
Kwa faida yako pitia tena kwa kifupi somo lako la sita la stage hii ya kwanza ili ujiweke
vizuri zaidi.
(2).

Yafuatayo ni makosa makubwa ambayo hufanywa na watanzania wengi hata wale wenye
elimu ya chuo kikuu watumiapo have na has kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki:-
Swali: Je, una pesa?
Kiingereza: Do you have some money?
Kanuni: S+N+T(BF)
Tamka: (Du yu hevu sam mane)?
Jibu sahihi la kukataa: Hapana, sina pesa.
Kiingereza: No, I don‟t have some money.
Tamka: (No, Ai donti hevu sam mane).
Makosa yanayofanywa: Hapana, sina pesa.
Kiingereza: No, I haven’t some money.
Tamka: (No, Ai hevunti sam mane).
Majibu mengine sahihi ya kukataa kwa ujumla yanayoonesha mtu hana kitu yanaweza
kuwa hivi:-
(1).(i). Swali: Je, una pesa?
Kiingereza: Do you have some money?
Kanuni: S+N+T(BF)
Tamka: (Du yu hevu sam money)?
(ii). Jibu: Hapana sina kitu.
Kiingereza: No, I have nothing.
Tamka: (No, Ai hevu nathing).
(iii). Jibu: Hapana, sina kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, I don‟t have anything.
Tamka: (No, Ai donti hevu enething).
(2).(i).Swali: Je, Musa ana pesa?
Kiingereza: Does Musa have some money?
Tamka: (Dazi Musa hevu sam mane)?
(ii). Jibu: Hapana, Musa hana kitu.
Kiingereza: No, Musa has nothing.
Tamka: (No, Musa hezi nathing).
(iii). Jibu: Hapana, Musa hana kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, Musa doesn’t have anything.
Tamka: (No, Musa dazinti hevu enething).
(3).

ZOEZI LA 27.
Kiingereza: Change into English the following Swahili sentences:-
Tamka: (Chenji intu Inglish dhe folowing Swahili sentensezi):-
Kiswahili: Zibadilishe katika Kiingereza sentensi za Kiswahili zifuatazo:-
Swali namba (1).
(1).(a).(i). Je, wana watoto?
- S ni do, tamka (du)}.
- N ni They, tamka (dhei).
- T(BF) ni have, tamka (hevu/havu)}.
- Watoto – children, tamka (childreni)}.
________ _________ ___________ ___________________?
Kanuni: S + N + T(BF)
(1).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, wana watoto.
_________ __________ __________ - ___________________.
Kanuni: YES + N + T(BF)
(1).(a).(iii). Hapana, hawana watoto.
_______ _________ ____________ ______________ __________________
Kanuni: NO + N + DON’T + T(BF)
(1). (b).(i). Je, Mary Bernard ana gari dogo?
- S ni does, tamka (dazi).
- N – Mary Bernard, tamka (Meri benadi).
- T(BF) ni have, tamka (hevu/havu).
- Gari dogo – a car, tamka (e ka).
________ ______________________ ____________ _____ __________?
(1).(b).(ii). Ndiyo, Mary Bernard ana gari dogo.
- N ni Mary Bernard tamka (Meri Benadi).
- T(s) ni has, tamka (hazi/hezi)
______ __________________ _______ _____ _________
Kanuni: YES + N + T(s)
(1).(b).(iii). Hapana, Mary Bernard hana gari dogo.
_______ ___________________ ______________ __________ _____
__________
Kanuni: NO + N + DOESN’T + T(BF)
(1).(b).(iv). Hapana, Mary Bernard hana kitu.
- Tumia – nothing, tamka (nathing).
______ ________________ _________ __________________.
Kanuni: NO + N + T(s)
(1).(b).(v). Hapana, Mary Bernard hana kitu chochote.
- Tumia – anything, tamka (enething).
______ ________ ________ __________ ___________________.
Kanuni: NO + N + DOESN’T + T(BF)
(4).

(2).(a). Have kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati ujao:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Future Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N+S+T(BF), na kanuni ya swali ni S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi yake ni
will.
(2).(a). (i). Kiswahili: watakuwa na pesa.
Kiingereza: they will have some money.
Kanuni: N + S +T(BF)
Tamka: (Dhei wil hevu sam mane).
(2).(a).(ii).Swali: Je, watakuwa na pesa?
Kiingereza: Will they have some money?
Tamka: (Wil dhei hevu sam mane)?
(2).(a) (iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, watakuwa na pesa.
Kiingereza: Yes, they will have some money.
Kanuni: YES +N +S+T(BF)
Tamka: (Yesi, dhei wil hevu sam mane).
(2).(a).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, hawatakuwa na pesa.
Kiiingereza: No, they will not have some money.
Tamka: (No, dhei wil noti hevu sam mane).
(2).(a).(v). Jibu: Hapana, hawatakuwa na kitu.
Kiingereza: No, they will have nothing.
Tamka: (No, dhei wil hevu nathing).
(2).(a).(vi). Jibu: Hapana, hawatakuwa na kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, they won‟t have anything.
Tamka: (No, dhei wonti hevu enething).
Mifano hii inawakilisha nafsi ya kwanza yote, ya pili yote na ya tatu uwingi tu, yaani I,
WE, YOU, YOU na THEY. Pia tumeona have imetumika kama tendo la kumiliki katika
hali ya (BF).
(5).

(2).(b). Matumizi ya Has kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati ujao:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Future Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N+S+T(BF), na kanuni ya swali ni S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi yake ni
will.
(2).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Yeye „mwanamke‟ atakuwa na nyumba.
Kiingereza: she will have a house.
Kanuni: N+ S+ T(BF).
Tamka: (Shi wil hevu e hausi).
(2).(b).(ii).Swali: Je, yeye “mwanamke” atakuwa na nyumba?
Kiingereza: Will she have a house?
Tamka: (Wil shi hevu e hausi)?
Siyo sahihi kuuliza:-
- Will she has a house? Kwa tafsiri ya je, yeye „mwanamke‟ atakuwa na
nyumba? Kwa sababu kanuni inasema tendo liwe katika hali ya BF, na hapa BF ni
have na siyo has, kwani has ni sawa na tendo lenye s, es au ies.
Kwani ukiuliza will she has a house? ni sawa na kuuliza will she goes to school? Kwa
tafsiri ya je, yeye „mwanamke‟ atakwenda shuleni?
(2).(b). (iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, atakuwa na nyumba.
Kiingereza: Yes, she will have a house.
Kanuni: YES+N+ S+ T(BF).
Tamka: (Yesi, shi wil hevu e hausi).
(2).(b).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, “yeye mwanamke” hatakuwa na nyumba.
Kiingereza: No, she will not have a house.
Tamka: (No, shi wil noti hevu e hausi).
Siyo sahihi kusema:-
No, she will not has a house? kwa tafsiri ya – Hapana, “yeye mwanamke” hatakuwa
na nyumba.
Kwani will not uenda na tendo katika hali ya BF, na hapa have ndiyo ipo katika hali
ya BF. Kwa kifupi katika sentensi za kumiliki za wakati ujao, has haitumiki kabisa
isipokuwa have ndiyo hutumika katika nafsi zote.
(2).(b).(v). Jibu: Hapana, yeye “mwanamke” hatakuwa na kitu.
Kiingereza: No, she will have nothing.
Tamka: (No, shi wil hevu nathing).
(2).(b).(vi). Jibu: Hapana, yeye “mwanamke” hatakuwa na kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, she will not have anything.
Tamka: (No, shi wil noti hevu enething).
(6).

EXERCISE NUMBER 1 - Tamka (Eksisaizi namba wani) – ZOEZI NAMBA 1.
Swali namba (2).
(2).(a).(i). Je, mtakuwa na nyumba nzuri?
- S ni will, tamka (wili).
- N – You, tamka (yu).
- Nyumba nzuri – a good hause, tamka (e gudi hausi).
________ _______ _________ _____ __________ ______________?
(2).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, tutakuwa na nyumba nzuri.
_______ _______ _______ ________ _____ __________ __________.
Kanuni: YES + N + S + T(BF)
(2).(a).(iii). Hapana, hatutakuwa na nyumba nzuri.
- Tumia won’t, tamka (wonti).
_____ ________ _________ ________ _____ ________ ___________.
Kanuni: NO + N + WON’T + T(BF)
(2).(b).(i). Je, yeye “mwanaume” atakuwa na pesa nyingi?
- Pesa nyingi - a lot of money, tamka (e lot ovu mane).
_____ _______ _________ ___ ______ ______ ______________?
Kanuni: S + N + (TBF)
(2).(b).(ii). Ndiyo, atakuwa na pesa nyingi.
_______ ______ ______ _________ ____ _______ ____ _____________
Kanuni: YES + N + S + T(BF)
(2).(b).(iii). Hapana, “yeye mwanaume” hatakuwa na pesa nyingi.
______ _____ _________ _______ ___ _____ ____ _______________
(2).(b).(iv). Hapana, yeye “mwanaume” hatakuwa na kitu.
- Tumia – nothing, tamka (nathing).
______ ______ ______ _________ __________________.
Kanuni: NO + N + S + T(BF)
(2).(b).(v). Hapana, yeye “mwanaume” hatakuwa na kitu chochote.
- Tumia – anything, tamka (enething).
- Tumia won’t, tamka (wonti).
______ _______ __________ _______ _____________________.
(7).

(3).(a). Matumizi ya Have kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati uliopita:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Past Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N + T(PT), na ya swali ni S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi kwa upande wa
swali ni did.
(3).(a).(i). Kiswahili: Tulikuwa na pesa.
Kiingereza: we had some money.
Kanuni: N+T(PT).
Tamka: (Wi hadi sam mane).
(3).(a).(ii).Swali: Je, mlikuwa na pesa?
Kiingereza: Did you have some money?
Tamka: (Did yu hevu sam mane)?
(3).(a).(iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, tulikuwa na pesa.
Kiingereza: Yes, we had some money.
Kanuni: YES+N+T(PT).
Tamka: (Yesi, wi hadi sam mane).
(3).(a).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, hatukuwa na pesa.
Kiingereza: No, we did not have some money.
Tamka: (No, wi did noti hevu sam mane).
(3).(a).(v). Jibu: Hapana, hatukuwa na kitu.
Kiingereza: No, we had nothing.
Tamka: (No, wi hedi nathing).
(3).(a).(vi). Jibu: Hapana, hatukuwa na kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, we didn‟t have anything.
Tamka: (No, wi didinti hevu enething).
Katika mfano wa (3) (a) hapo juu BF yetu ni have na PT yetu ni had
(8).

(3).(b). Matumizi ya Has kwa tafsiri ya kumiliki - Katika wakati uliopita:-
Kanuni zake ni zilezile za Simple Past Tense – Active Voice, yaani, kanuni ya
sentensi ya kawaida ni N + T(PT), na kanuni ya swali ni S+N+T(BF)? Saidizi kwa
upande wa swali ni did.
Kwa mujibu wa kanuni hii tendo lazima liwe katika BF au PT tu, hivyo basi has haiwezi
kutumika hata kidogo kwa sababu has ni sawa na tendo lililoongezwa s, es au ies.
(3).(b).(i). Kiswahili: Mama yangu alikuwa na nyumba.
Kiingereza: My mother had a house.
Kanuni: N +T(PT).
Tamka: (Mai madha hedi e hausi).
(3).(b).(ii).Swali: Je, mama yako alikuwa na nyumba?
Kiingereza: Did your mother have a house?
Tamka: (Did yua madha hevu e hausi)?
(3).(b). (iii). Jibu: Ndiyo, mama yangu alikuwa na nyumba.
Kiingereza: Yes, my mother had a house.
Kanuni: YES+ N +T(PT).
Tamka: (Yesi, mai madha hedi e hausi).
(3).(b).(iv). Jibu: Hapana, mama yangu hakuwa na nyumba.
Kiingerereza : No, my mother did not have a house.
Tamka: (No, mai madha did noti hevu e hausi).
(3).(b). (v). Jibu: Hapana, mama yangu hakuwa na kitu.
Kiingereza: No, my mother had nothing.
Tamka: (No, mai madha hedi nathing).
(3).(b).(vi). Jibu: Hapana, mama yangu hatakuwa na kitu chochote.
Kiingereza: No, my mother did not have anything.
Tamka: (No, mai madha did noti hevu enething).
Katika mfano wa (3).(b) hapo juu BF yetu ni have na PT yetu ni had, hivyo basi has haina
nafasi kabisa katika wakati uliopita kama ilivyo katika wakati ujao kwa sababu yenyewe ni
tendo la kumiliki lenye s, es, au ies.
(9).

EXERCISE NUMBER 1 - Tamka (Eksisaizi namba wani) – ZOEZI NAMBA 1.
Swali namba (3).
(3).(a).(i). Je, ulikuwa na mtoto?
- S ni did, tamka (did).
-T(BF) ni have, tamka (hevu/havu).
- Mtoto – a child, tamka (e chald).
_______ __________ ________ _____ __________?
(3).(a).(ii). Ndiyo, nilikuwa na mtoto.
- T(PT) ni had, tamka (hadi/hedi).
_______ ______ __________ ____ ___________.
Kanuni: YES + N + T(PT)
(3).(a).(iii). Hapana, sikuwa na mtoto.
- T(BF) ni have.
_____ ______ __________ __________ _____ ____________
Kanuni: NO + N + DIDN’T + T(BF)
(3). (b).(i). Je, baba yenu alikuwa na nyumba?
- S ni did
- T(BF) ni have.
______ ______ ________ _________ ______ ____________?
Kanuni: S +YOUR+ N + T(BF)
(3).(b).(ii). Ndiyo, baba yetu alikuwa na nyumba. {T(PT) ni had}.
_______ ______ ________ _____ ____ _______________.
Kanuni: YES + OUR + N + T(PT)
(3).(b).(iii). Hapana, baba yetu hakuwa na nyumba. {T(BF) ni have}.
_____ _____ ________ ________ ________ _____ _____________.
Kanuni : NO + OUR+ N + DIDN’T + T(BF)
(3). (b).(iv). Hapana, baba yetu hakuwa na kitu. (Tumia nothing)
______ _______ ________ _______ _______________.
Kanuni : NO + OUR + N + T(PT)
(3).(b).(v). Jibu: Hapana, baba yetu hatakuwa na kitu chochote. (Tumia anything).
______ _____ _______ ________ ________ ______________.
Kanuni: NO + OUR + N + DIDN’T + T(BF)
(Mwisho wa somo)
(10).

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