This document discusses common injuries like sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, and provides treatment recommendations. A sprain is a ligament injury from sudden movement, while a strain is a muscle or tendon injury. RICER therapy of rest, ice, compression, elevation is recommended. For more serious injuries like fractures and dislocations, immobilization with splints is important along with seeking immediate medical care.

2. SPRAIN
 stretch and/or
tear of a
ligament
caused by a
sudden pull
 one or more
ligaments can
be injured at the
same time

4. STRAIN
 injury to either a
muscle or a
tendon as a
result of suddenlly
pulling them too
far
 simple overstretch
of muscle or
tendon, or result
of a partial or
complete tear

6. fall
sudden twist
blow to the body
that forces a joint
out of its normal
position and
stretches or tears
the ligament
supporting that
joint

7.  most common site:
the ankle
 frequently occur at
the wrist
 sprain to the thumb
common in skiing
and other sports

8. pain
swelling
bruising
loss of functional ability
sometimes a pop or tear
when the injury happens

12. twisting or
pulling a muscle
or tendon
acute or chronic
—› recent
trauma or result
of overuse

13.  two common sites: the back and the
hamstring muscle
 hand and forearm, elbow

14.  typical—›pain, limited
motion, muscle
spasms, possibly
muscle weakness
 localized swelling,
cramping, or
inflammation and,
with a minor or
moderate strain,
usually some loss of
muscle function

15. RICETherapy

16. Rest
Ice
Compressio
n
Elevation

18. Rest
Stop using injured part.
Use splint for injuries of the
arm, elbow, wrist, or hand

19.  Keep damp or dry cloth between skin and
ice pack
 Do not apply ice for longer than 15 to 20
minutes at a time

20. Use elasticized bandage,
compression sleeve, or cloth
Wrap injured part firmly
▪Do not impair blood supply
▪Too tight compression may cause more
swelling
Wrap over ice
 Loosen the bandage if it gets too tight

26. Dislocation
Displacement of the
joint/ bone
Frequently
accompanied by a
tearing or
stretching of
ligaments, muscles
or other soft tissue

28. Signs and symptoms
 Deformity of joint or limb
 Limited or abnormal
movement
 Swelling and discoloration
 Pain and tenderness
 Shortening or lengthening
of affected limb

29. A break or a crack in a bone is
called a fracture.
Many types of fractures are difficult to
determine.
If a fracture is suspected, it’s wise to get it
checked out

30.  All fractures are one of two types
1) Closed – skin over fracture is not
broken
2) Open/Compound – where the
skin over the fracture is
broken.The bone may be
visible.

33. FIRST AID CARE
 Basically the same as first aid for
fractures
 IMMOBILIZE the affected part in the
position in which it is found by using
splints and/or slings
 Avoid any movement of part because
movement can lead to additional injury
to nerves, blood vessels and other
tissues in the area
 Obtain medical help immediately

34. Stop the activity.
Survey the injured area.
First Aid if qualified.
Get help if not.
Determine if additional medical
attention is necessary.

35. Splints
Devices that can be used to immobilize
injured parts when fractures,
dislocations and other similar injuries
are present or suspected
Many commercial splints are available
 Inflatable or air splints
 Padded boards
 Traction splints (used for fractured femur)