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SCOPE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.ppt
- 1. (Human Anatomy & Physiology) SCOPE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Presented By: Lovekesh Singh
- 2. TITLE HAP: SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE
- 3. Scope • This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
- 4. LITERATURE Books • Waugh, A., & Grant, A. (2013). Ross and Wilson: Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (12th edition). Churchill Livinstone • Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A. • Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. • Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New York.
- 5. CONTENTS • Introduction and definitions • Various system of human body • Different body cavities
- 6. Definitions Anatomy • ANATOMY is the science of body structures, shape, size and location of various parts of the body. Physiology • PHYSIOLOGY is the science of body functions – how body works Histology • Various part study under microscope
- 7. Human Body System and Their Function 1. Skeletal System 2. Muscular System 3. Nervous System 4. Respiratory System 5. Circulatory System 6. Lymphatic System 7. Endocrine System 8.DigestiveSystem 9. Reproductive System 10.IntegumentarySystem 11. Excretory System 12. Immune System
- 8. Skeletal System •It consist of body frame work, protect the internal, having supporting structure. Muscular System •Power to movement of body at will. Nervous System •Control and coordinate the body
- 9. Respiratory System • It supplies of O2 to body from atmosphere and dispose of CO2 and H2O vapour from the body. Circulatory System Essential supplies of O2, nutrients to the all part of body and remove waste products from the body Lymphatic System • It filters bacteria, foreign materials, toxins and any harmful materials.
- 10. Endocrine System • It produces certain chemical substance through endocrine gland. These chemical termed as hormones which regulate body produces Digestive System • Intake of food, its digestion and absorption Reproductive System • Life transmitted from one generation to another in order to continue the life cycle. .
- 11. Integumentary System • It is a consists of Skin, Hair, Nails. Its protects the body’s internal tissues and organs, generate the vitamin D. Excretory System • Kidney, Large intestine, skin, lungs. It remove waste product from the body. Immune System • The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues and organs, it prevent pathogens from entering and eliminates pathogens from body.
- 12. The body divided into 4 cavities • 1. cranial • 2. thoracic • 3. abdominal • 4. pelvis
- 14. • 1. cranial cavity contain brain • 2. thoracic cavity contain lungs, heart, trachea, oesophagus, aorta, superior vena cavea • The boundaries of thoracic having ribs, sternum
- 15. • 3. abdominal cavity it consist of stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, upper part of uterus • 4. pelvis cavity its consist of urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, reproductive organ, coccyx
- 16. What you learned? • We learned that our body structures are arranged into different systems. • The human body is made of 12 different systems. • Each system have its own specific function. • We learned that all the systems require support and coordination of other systems to form a living and healthy human body. • The knowledge of the system is important for medical professional because it is the base of all medical science.
- 17. REFERENCES • Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee • Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. • Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill • Livingstone, New York. • Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams and Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA. • Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A. • Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A. • Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata.
- 18. THANKS
Editor's Notes
- Firstly, we are going to start by looking at the definition of validation and the different types that are used. Secondly, we will discuss documents associated with validation, and review the key stages of the validation process. Thirdly, we shall look at a model approach for process validation in the context of the WHO documentation. Finally, we are going to look at where validation has got to in your country and talk about the barriers that need to be overcome. This module will deal with the very fundamentals of validation but it will only provide an overview. It will not be an in-depth review of the subject. The subject is very important and requires a lot of careful thought. It will be a major topic of discussion with companies that you inspect and also within the inspectorate. It is important to remember that validation does not improve bad processes.
- There are a number of definitions of validation - all of which say the same thing in different ways. The definition on this slide is the one given in the WHO GMP texts. There is a more expanded version in the WHO text on the validation of manufacturing processes: The collection and evaluation of data, beginning at the process development stage and continuing through the production phase, which ensure that the manufacturing processes – including equipment, buildings, personnel and materials – are capable of achieving the intended results on a consistent and continuous basis. Validation is the establishment of documented evidence that a system does what it is supposed to do. There are three key points to take from these definitions: 1. The evidence must be documented. (The results of the validation must be recorded). 2. Validation applies to several aspects of manufacturing, including e.g. process development, materials, personnel and equipment). 3. It should demonstrate that the system does what is expected of it. Validation is carried out against a set of criteria that are defined in advance. These criteria are detailed in predefined protocol documents.
- There are a number of definitions of validation - all of which say the same thing in different ways. The definition on this slide is the one given in the WHO GMP texts. There is a more expanded version in the WHO text on the validation of manufacturing processes: The collection and evaluation of data, beginning at the process development stage and continuing through the production phase, which ensure that the manufacturing processes – including equipment, buildings, personnel and materials – are capable of achieving the intended results on a consistent and continuous basis. Validation is the establishment of documented evidence that a system does what it is supposed to do. There are three key points to take from these definitions: 1. The evidence must be documented. (The results of the validation must be recorded). 2. Validation applies to several aspects of manufacturing, including e.g. process development, materials, personnel and equipment). 3. It should demonstrate that the system does what is expected of it. Validation is carried out against a set of criteria that are defined in advance. These criteria are detailed in predefined protocol documents.