Ethics Of The Health Care Industry

Ethics Of The Health Care Industry
Ethics in Healthcare Marketing
Ethics in the health care industry are one of the most important cornerstones of patient care. Making
ethical decisions, being vigilant in the lack of ethical decision making, and being proactive in the
reporting and advancement of ethical practices are important factors for marketing professionals
such as physicians and other health care professionals to be wary of. Conduct by pharmaceutical
representatives and ethical practices in the marketing of pharmaceutical drugs have been revamped
over several decades by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), International Federation of
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA), PHRMA, and several other sources. This
was done to assure the safety, regulation, and dispense of such drugs are not being compromised.
Health care marketing should follow ethical practices when interacting with healthcare professionals
and advertising or selling products. According to J. Stichler, 2013, in the article Ethical
Considerations in Healthcare Design and Construction, there are four principles of ethical decision
making as well as four common ethical rules that should be considered when situations arise that
may be unethical and require decision making. The four principles of ethical decision making are
autonomy, beneficence, non–maleficence, and justice. The four ethical rules are fidelity, veracity,
confidentiality, and privacy. Any stray from these principles and rules can be
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Lupus Case Studies
Background: Athlete is a 18–year–old, Division 1 softball infielder managing Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE). The athlete was diagnosed in the spring of 2012 after she fainted during high
school basketball practice. She spent the following week and a half in Atlanta's Women's and
Children's Hospital undergoing testing to discover that SLE was the cause of her symptoms such as
fatigue and joint pain. Since Lupus is an autoimmune disease, multiple systems are affected such as
the musculoskeletal system, respiratory system and integumentary system. She currently complains
most of pain in her knees, hips, and hands in addition to swelling in her joints. The integumentary
system is easily affected by sunlight because of the inflammation it causes. She ... Show more
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The combination of these mediations helps to lower the immune system's activity, treat
inflammation, strengthen her bones and heal her butterfly rash. Her symptoms are managed
according to the underlying problem. For example, she complained of pain in her hands so paraffin
wax bath and hand and forearm strengthening exercises were utilized. There are also changes to her
diet that will help alleviate symptoms such as inflammation. She needs to avoid foods that are high
in oils as those cause inflammation. The athlete must also increase foods that are higher in iron or
calcium since she is deficient in those. Because her skin is sensitive and can be inflamed easily, she
wears long–sleeves a hat and applies sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or greater before going outdoors.
Uniqueness: This case study is unique because it presents a high level Divison1 athlete playing with
a condition that presents a wide variety of symptoms that can change daily. While some symptoms
are consistent, there are others that dissipate causing each day to have something new and

Autoimmune Deficiencies Of Autoimmune Deficiency
Autoimmune Deficiencies are very complex and misunderstood diseases in the world today. Most
people are uneducated and unaware of what these diseases actually are and the trials people
diagnosed with these illnesses face. Due to their lack of education there is also a lack of compassion
shown; causing an awkward, silent tension between people. Lupus is a subcategory of the
Autoimmune Deficiencies. Those with this tend to be silent about their struggle, causing it to be
unnoticed in the world. However, there have been efforts made medically to give these people a true
voice. In order to give them a voice people must know what Lupus actually is, the causes and
symptoms of it, and new research that can help improve the quality of life for those who have the
disease. Autoimmune Deficiency is a medical term used that means that a person's immune system
literally attacks and eats their issue. Their body does not know how to properly indicate the
difference between healthy and unhealthy tissue so they produce antibodies that completely eat both
sets of tissue. Lupus performs the same function in a person's body, but it is a very hard disease to
actually diagnose because it can mimic various other diseases. It goes by the scientific name
Systemic lupus erythematosus, with the common name Lupus being used in everyday terms. This
illness is one of chronic pain that can affect the body both inwardly and outwardly. Inwardly, the
body `s immune system eats the issue and can

Profit And Non Profit Organizations
Profit and Non–profit organizations make up the core of American business culture and charitable
services. Nonprofits organizations like The American Kidney depend on donations and grants from
individuals, government supplements, and corporations. For profit organizations like The Dallas
Opera depends on revenue from sales and contributions to meet the needs of their mission. While
both The American Kidney Fund and The Dallas Opera have different corporate cultures that require
support from outside sources, they each must display ethical values to support the financial needs of
the institution; and to the recipients of services provided. In this, both companies set a mission and
company profile to display to illustrate why their organizations are worthy of financial support and
outreach from the community.
The American Kidney Fund (AKF) was founded in 1971, to help any single individual with kidney
failure pay for dialysis. More than 40 years later, AKF has become the leading source of direct
financial aid to dialysis patients across the nation. The American Kidney Fund leads the nation in
providing charitable assistance to dialysis patients who need help with the costs associated with
treating kidney failure. The American Kidney Fund (AKF) is a major publicly supported 501(c)(3)
non–profit organization. AKF is provides treatment–related financial assistance to dialysis patients
and for kidney disease education and prevention programs. AKF provides grants that

PTEN Essay
There are several options currently on the market that inhibit PTEN. However, the drug we decided
to use will include a molecule known as SF1670. This molecule is highly powerful and specific,
allowing us to utilize it in relatively small, yet effective, doses (Author NA, 2013). This particle,
when added to the molecular pathway, will inhibit the PTEN molecule, thus allowing the pathway to
continue without interruption or modifications. SF1670 was originally developed from a chemical
series originally designed as inhibitors of the tyrosine phosphatase CD45 (Spinelli et. al. 2015), and
is a prime candidate for the PTEN inhibitor for many factors. This molecule has a shelf life of up to
three years, so long as it is kept at –20º C, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
al. 2015). As a counterpoint to its negative arguments, the inhibitory effects SF1670 may become
irreversible (Spinelli et. al. 2015). After the enzyme (PTEN) and the inhibitor (SF1670) were pre–
incubated for fifteen minutes, much more inhibition was seen to be present, thus, again, lending
credibility towards SF1670 as a potent and plausible inhibitor of PTEN to be used in our drug
(Spinelli et. al. 2015).
Treatment
Anthony Wells
The first step of all cancer treatments is diagnosis. Without a proper diagnosis, nothing will be able
to be corrected and healed. In order to diagnose anaplastic thyroid cancer, one must use
histopathology (Guiffrada and Gharib 2000). This is because there are many different variations of
morphological patterns and also tumors of different shapes. The easiest way to identify anaplastic
thyroid cancer is by the presence of tumors made up of giant cells with many different shapes and
biphasic spindles (Smallridge et al. 2012). Once the disease is identified as anaplastic thyroid
cancer, the next step is treatment. With anaplastic thyroid cancer, one must be very diligent with
treatment. Treatment should begin as close to the date of diagnoses as possible, as anaplastic thyroid
cancer is very aggressive and extremely fatal. If treatment is not administered quickly or effectively,
there is a significantly high chance of fatality of the patient. Since the treatment has to counteract the
disease's aggression, it

Lupus Research Paper
Lupus tears families apart, ruins lives, and brings pain to the affected. "[SLE] is a multisystemic,
autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which affects multiple organ systems, including the
central nervous system, or CNS" (Milovancevic et al.). This disease will literally turn a person's
body against itself. It leads to excruciating pain throughout the victim's body, as if it were on fire.
The optimistic side of this coin, however, is that many pharmacologists have created medications
that can nullify the effects of most symptoms. These solutions include antimalarial drugs, non–
steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs, anti–rheumatic drugs, immunosuppressives, a type of medication
called Belimumab, and corticosteroids. While anyone can use the ... Show more content on
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The evidence suggests that these drugs may be having a bad reaction with some patients who take
them. Dr. Wallace, a clinical professor of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, believes that an imperative objective is to utilize steroids just when organs are in risk, and
after that just in the most minimal powerful measurement. If some person has a 101–degree
temperature consistently, or excruciating pleural effusions [liquid encompassing the lungs], that
individual doesn't fundamentally require steroids in light of the fact that these intricacies are not life
undermining,' Dr. Wallace said" (qtd. in Goldfinger & Cotton). The doctors believe that those
affected should deal with their pain, even though these victims do not want to handle it. If they are
not going to die from their symptoms, these people are expected to just put up with this constant,
agonizing pain. These doctors disagree with using these medications because they want these people
to just handle their

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Nasal Mucoadhesive
Nasal mucoadhesive is the most recent, efficient and sophisticated drug delivery systems in the
market and one of the topics that underline the focus of attention of many research and development
institutions, comparing to the convenient oral administration this delivery system has showed better
pharmacokinetic parameters with increasing the bioavailability and prolonging the residence time
with a faster onset of action, adding the other advantages which mainly raised due to overcome the
disadvantage of the oral administration such as avoiding the first pass effect and bypass the
gastrointestinal tract and solve the decreased in the residence time which mostly result in less
absorption and less effective dose.
Not only the oral route but even comparing the new system with parenteral route it shows a rapid
onset of action as the drugs delivered directly to the systemic circulation.
The lipophilicity of the drugs and the permeability of the nasal mucosa ... Show more content on
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As a result many applications were extensively used in the market, and here are some examples:
Gentamicin sulfate:
It is Polar antibiotic for bacterial infections so this impose a problem for absorption that will be
overcomed by mucoadhesive microsphere formulations to enhance the absorption character through
nasal mucosa.
The technique used was spray drying, the polymer is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (to increase the
residence time) and Sodium Cholate was added to enhance absorption.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595032 Clonazepam:
It is an Anti–epilepsy, used for status epileptics. Because Clonazepam Cannot cross Central nervous
system in sufficient concentration, Nasal drug delivery system was used due to systemic absorption
of nasal route.
The Polymers used in this formulation were Gelatin and chitosan. Emulsion– cross–linking method
was the

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case Studies
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized
by unusual autoantibodies in the blood that target tissues of the body. While in the past a diagnosis
of SLE often suggested a decreased life span due to internal organ system involvement or to toxic
effects of therapy, recent improvements in research have dramatically enhanced the survival of SLE
patients with the most severe and life–threatening symptoms. Unfortunately, treatments for SLE
remain inadequate as many patients have incompletely controlled disease, progression to end stage
organ involvement continues, and current therapies carry potential risks of debilitating side effects.
Therefore, it is important to create an environment that will ... Show more content on
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You may be able to prevent flare–ups of the illness by avoiding exposure to the sun as much as
possible and using sunscreen when you are in the sun. "The best thing you can do is live a healthy
lifestyle," says Ellen Ginzler, MD, a professor of medicine and chief of rheumatology at State
University of New York Downstate Medical Center, in New York City. "Stay active, eat a healthy
diet, stay out of the sun, and don't smoke." (Illiades, 2015). Flare ups can also be prevented by
staying on schedule with medications and not missing

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Nifedipines
INTRODUCTION1–4
Nifedipine is calcium channel blocker widely used clinically, in the treatment of cardiovascular
disorders, including hypertension and angina pectoris.1. It has poor aqueous solubility, resulting in
variable dissolution rates and often–irregular bioavailability.2 The combination of low aqueous
solubility and rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract leads to its classification into class II
of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System3.
Pellets are agglomerates of fine powders or granules of bulk drugs and excipients single most
important factor responsible for the proliferation of pelletized products is the popularity of
controlled release technology in the delivery of drugs. When the pellets containing active ingredient
are administered in–vivo in the form of suspensions, capsules, or disintegrating tablets, they offer
significant therapeutic advantages over single unit dosage forms, since pellets ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When formulated as modified release dosage forms, pellets are less susceptible to dose dumping
than the reservoir–type single unit formulations.4 Micropellets technology delivers almost perfectly
spherical particles exhibiting a very narrow particle size distribution and excellent flow properties
and these are characterized by a smooth surface free of dust and thus provide optimal conditions for
subsequent film coating. Controlled release pellets are manufactured either to deliver the bioactive
agent at a specific site within the GIT or to sustain the action of drugs over an extended period of
time. While these results have been traditionally achieved through the application of a functional
coating material, at times the core pellets themselves have been modified to provide the desired
effect. This further enhances the role of pellets in oral dosage form

The Breast Implants Produced By Poly Implant
PIP Implant Scandal
1.0 Background
The breast implants produced by Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) French company were banned in the
year of 2010. PIP which was founded in year 1991 and was once the world's third largest supplier of
silicone gel breast implants was eventually shut down within the same year. This company had
illegally produced and marketed the implants using unauthorized industrial grade silicone gel that
meant for use in mattresses instead of approved and mandated medical grade silicone gel since year
2001. The implants were widely used across Europe, Britain and South America and estimated about
400, 000 patients in 45 countries around the world with PIP Implants. The scandal was surfaced in
year 2009 due to medical device reports from surgeons on the abnormally high rupture rates of the
PIP implants than other approved implants. France's drug and medical safety agency (AFSSAPS)
recalled the PIP implants and advised 30,000 women to have their implants removed due to this
scandal in subsequent year of 2010.
2.0 Issues with PIP implants
A full recall of PIP implants by French Ministry of Health has sparked a worldwide fear and alert.
The implants with cheap and unapproved industrial grade silicone as filler are believed to have
higher rupturing rates, though the exact figure varies with each health authority. According to
SCENIHR , this filler could weaken the shell of PIP implants with increased risk of gel–leakage and
rupture. The silicone gel filing can

Difference Between Nichol Lyman-504 Plan
Nichol Lyman– 504 Plan 1
504 Plan Nichol Lyman Southern Utah University
Nichol Lyman– 504 Plan 2
Introduction What is a 504 plan? More importantly, why is it important? A 504 plan is designed to
help students who have a disability that don't qualify for special education services to be educated to
receive free education in a regular classroom setting with accommodations or educational aids they
might need to be successful.
This plan is designed to fit student's specific needs. For example if a child who is confined to a
wheelchair, the school will need to make sure that the classroom is designed and located in a place
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These individuals understand the student's disability and how it affects the learning process. "The
IEP, Individualized Education Program, is a document that is developed for each public school child
who is eligible for special education" The IEP describes how the student learns, how the student best
demonstrates that learning and what teachers and service providers will do to help the student learn
more effectively. When developing an IEP the team will consider how their students specific
disability affects their learning and come up with goals and objectives that will accommodate those
needs and place the student in the least restrictive environment to achieve the goals and

Essay Lupus: Immune System and Dr. Sergio Schwartzman
LUPUS
An autoimmune disease that causes the body to attack its own healthy cells, lupus has no known
origin. While its symptoms are primarily recognizable, they can often mimic other diseases, thereby
delaying accurate diagnosis. Joint pain, poor circulation and a telltale rash are just three of myriad
symptoms indicative of lupus, a disease that inevitably impacts major organs by way of
compromising the body's defenses, as well as through invasive steroid treatment that weakens
bones.
Lupus tricks the body into thinking there is an enemy that needs to be attacked; at this point, the
body loses sight of an enemy cell and its own healthy cells, effectively eradicating all cells. Because
the body cannot readily differentiate between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inflammation of the Kidneys is one of the most serious symptoms of Lupus. When the Kidney are
not working properly they leak protein and is eliminated through urination with the lack of protein
causes fluid retention and causes swelling or Edema in the lower extremities. This symptom is one
of the first signs of lupus nephritis. Lupus affects the kidney functions to remove waste products and
excess fluids from the body. A biopsy is used to determine the extent and severity of kidney disease.
The tissue gathered is then examined through a microscope to determine inflammation and scarring.
Once all the factors are gathered such as amount of protein in the urine, reduction of kidney
function, and the Biopsy of the kidney drug therapy may be used to control inflammation and
suppress the activity of the immune system. Although high dose of medications may have many side
effects when used at high does it is needed to get the inflammation under control and then can be
tapered down to a low does with lower side

Belmont Report Vs Paternalism
The major aim of the commission, which made the Belmont report was to ensure that ethical
principles are followed during a research involving human beings as the subjects. The commission
was tasked with considering the instinct between the biomedical and behavioral research and the
normal routine that have been acceptable in medicine. It was also tasked with assessing the various
risks that arise in determining the use of human during research exercise. The commission also was
to establish the various necessary consents during the research settings.
The frameworks of the Belmont report have several contrasts with the Anti–paternalism
frameworks. Paternalism can be defined as behavior of a person, group of individuals or state that
deny or limit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The principle of beneficence encompasses two major rules; do not affect, and utilization of the
possible gains while minimizing adverse effects. The principle of beneficence is in agreement with
the law of Right to try, because it gives freedom to use experimental drugs that can be of beneficial
to persons with terminal illness. The third principle is the principle of justice. The burdens and
benefits are equally distributed through various formulations, which include to each person an equal
share based on the individual need, effort, according to societal contribution and based on merit.
This principle is permissible in allowing the medical physicians to advice the patients who are in
critical conditions to use experimental drugs that have passed through the first phase of the clinical
medical

Self Medication Analysis
Introduction This self medication project taught me numerous things that I will continue to
remember throughout my nursing career. I learned the importance of telling the client what
medication they are taking and why because being in the dark on that is a bad feeling. I also learned
that it is difficult to remember to take medications routinely. I was only prescribed one medication,
but I'd imagine it's even harder to remember numerous ones.
Medication
The drug I am prescribed is methylprednisolone. It is considered a steroid and is commonly used to
treat inflammation and severe allergies. It is more commonly known as Medrol or Meprolone (Jones
& Bartlett Learning, p.703). It inhibits neutrophil accumulation (p.704). Some side effects ... Show
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I think that is a good thing because sometimes they don't realize that they are on something and it
also starts a dialogue for questions about the medications. That is something I would like to
incorporate into my nursing practice once I reach that stage of medication administration.
Conclusion For a beginner student in a pharmacology course, I believe this a wonderful project to
do. It makes us, the students, became more aware and compassionate towards the clients when it
comes to prescribing medications. It is also allows us to experience things first hand that we would
want to improve on in our

Lupus Case Study Overview : Lupus
Lupus Case Study Overview There are several types of lupus, but the most common and severe type
is called Systematic Lupus Erythematosus or SLE. This form of lupus is an autoimmune disease that
causes a chronic inflammation that can affect many major organs in the body. Common areas of the
body that are affected are the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and the nervous system. The
immune system is the part of the body that fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs, and other foreign
substances. The immune system produces proteins called antibodies. Antibodies specifically protect
the body from the invaders because the immune system alone cannot tell the difference between
foreign invaders and the body's healthy tissues. When an antibody attacks healthy tissue, it then
called an autoantibody. These autoantibodies cause inflammation, pain, and damage in various parts
of the body that can ultimately lead to organ failure. The cause for lupus erythematosus is currently
unknown. It is most likely a combination of genetics and environmental factors. This autoimmune
disease can be triggered by some environmental factors, such as sunlight, stress hormones, or
viruses. The majority of patients with lupus are Hispanic and African American females within their
child–bearing ages. There is no cure for lupus, but it can be treated to control symptoms and relieve
discomfort. The treatments for the disease depends on the level of severity. "Patients with a mild
form of SLE

Systematic Lupus Research Paper
Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease. This condition
causes the body to mistaken its own tissues and organs as foreign bodies and begins attacking them
causing continuing inflammation and pain. (Huether & McCance, 2012) The cause of SLE still
remains unknown, but it is possible that is inherited as a complex trait or caused by environmental
stimuli. (S) Anyone is at risk for Lupus, but is more common among women than men and is more
prevalent of African Americans and Asians. (National Library of Medicine 2010, para 2) This
condition can be difficult to diagnose, as a patient must present a number of the recognizable
symptoms. Depending on the location that Lupus presents itself in the body, the symptoms ... Show
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(National Library of Medicine 2010, para 1) Although it is a common medication, it can lead to
some neuropsychiatric side effects including altered mental status, mood changes, nervousness, and
depression. (S) Neural changes are more common and can be from Lupus itself, but the risk of
psychiatric issues is still clinically important. Serious psychiatric changes, as acute psychosis, are
usually from high doses of prednisone, but it doesn't mean that they won't occur for individuals on
lower doses as well. (5) Research has also indicated that corticosteroids lower serotonin levels.
Lowered serotonin levels may result in depression. (Pretorius,

Systemic Lupus Nicole Allen Brown
Running head: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE1
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Nicole Allen–Brown
Southeastern Institution
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease within the appearance of autoantibodies
that fights against nuclear antigens within the body of a person who is living with SLE and the
involvement of their organ systems, including the kidneys. The rigorous events that cause an onset
of medical signs of SLE are not yet well understood. However, the researcher are usingnumerous
mouse strains spontaneous and inducible lupus to find a cure because as of now there still is no cure
for lupus.
TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract...................................................................................2 ... Show more
These alien like materials are known as antigens. Having an autoimmune condition such as SLE, the
body 's system may lose its ability to know the transformation among remote substances knowing as
antigens and our normal cells and tissues. Our body system makes up these well–known antibodies
engaged against itself. Our immune system protects our antibodies from the reaction within the body
antigens to form protection and developments. The protected multiple factors build up in our tissues
and can cause inflammation, injury to the normal cell, tissues, and cause pain. African American,
Latino, and Asian women are more commonly affected by SLE than Caucasian women. What are
the different types of lupus? Do you know that there is currently three types of lupus? Discoid lupus,
systemic lupus erythematosus, and lupus like a disorder called destroyer made lupus. Discoid lupus
remains limited to our skin and be present in the form of a rash that appears on your face, neck or
scalp. The appearance of the rash may possibly be more outward on areas of the skin exposed to
electromagnetic lighting. While close by stand many forms of lupus epidemics the most communal
is elevated, incrusted and rosy nevertheless not irritated. SLE remains commonly extra plain than
discoid lupus. Do you know Discoid lupus is a form of lupus that is be able to cause inflammation in
your organs?On behalf of nearly half of our society, this can be to

Essay on Legalization of Marijuana
Legalization of Marijuana
One debate that keeps coming up time and again is the topic of the legalization of marijuana.
Marijuana is the most widely used illegal drug.
Nearly one in three teenagers have at least tried marijuana by the time they graduate high school. It
is also gets the most publicity for its legalization.
Over thirty pro–legalization organizations have been displayed on the Internet alone. The
legalization of marijuana , although popular by today's drug culture, would be a very dangerous and
detrimental act for the United States to take part in. Not only would it destroy families, but would
also lead to the fall of our economy.
Pro–legalization organization argue the fact that legalization would result in the ... Show more
This causes the decrease in communication through–out a house hold. Communication is what keep
a family close and involved in each other's life.
The effects of marijuana and other drugs destroys families enough now, but if it were to become
legal then that number would raise and so would the number of broken homes. We are at a time
when our family structure has already been destroy and where we should be working to rebuild that
important aspect of life.
Legalizing marijuana would not be the way to do that.
Marijuana is famous for making a person lazy and lackadaisical. We are a point in our country when
we have the most amount of unemployment. When already thousands of people are happy living off
welfare, we want to make people even lazier? This is not to say that all people that are unemployed
are lazy or smoke pot for that matter, but if people were more lazy then we already are, it could only
mean bad things for the development of our country. In an age of technological advancements, why
slow down progress with pot?
Although it could be argued that marijuana should be legal for everyone to have, the argument loses
to the hard–core facts that can be seen be common sense. Marijuana is a drug that remains illegal.
Users can continue to buy it on the streets, where it belongs. Prohibition is something that should
remain for the good of the

Do Patients who Undergo Renal Transplantation Suffer from...
Do patients who undergo renal transplantation suffer from long–term dental/health complications as
opposed to individuals who have not undergone transplantation?
My search strategy for the scientific literature started with PubMed. I input the following phrase into
the search bar: "Dental complications from kidney transplants". 100 articles were gathered as
potential scientific literatures that could be used for my specific learning issue. In finding articles
that provided general dental and health complications, the task offered a manageable list of scientific
articles to sift through. For the next time, I would like to focus on specific dental/health
complications from kidney transplants and how it could affect patients in such ways instead of in a
general systemic manner.
The first selected article, "The status of dental and jaw bones in children and adolescents after
kidney and liver transplantation", focuses on the main systemic complications patients may
encounter after renal transplantation within the oral cavity. The research question the Department of
Pediatric Dentistry at the Medical University of Warsaw in Warsaw, Poland, posed was to evaluate
the incidence of various dental abnormalities within children who underwent kidney transplantation
with the added factor of taken immunosuppressant drugs. A benefit of the article in its choice of
including the potential cause of these abnormalities as a consequence of taking various
immunosuppressant drugs adds an extra

Health Benefits Of Support Group Therapy
"A support group is a gathering of people who share a common health concern or interest." (Healthy
Lifestyle: Stress Management, 2015) Support groups are created to help individuals with various
mental, medical, and personal histories understand that they are not alone in what they are going
through, creating an environment of open dialogue and non–judgement. Professional group therapy
can make people feel uncomfortable in sharing the floor with others; in a support group, it is a place
to share advice, troubles, and experiences.
Support groups vary depending on the topic. Some are peer–created, whether by someone affected
by the topic or someone who is interested in it, and some are created by organizations like charity
groups, mental health groups, or for educational purposes.
Heart transplantation is often indicated for cardiomyopathy, which is "a disease of the heart muscle
that is associated with cardiac dysfunction." (Management of Patients with Structural, Infectious,
and Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders, 2014) Cardiac dysfunction can lead to an increase in systemic
vascular resistance, as well as sodium and fluid retention. Sodium is the electrolyte that regulates
water inside and outside of the cell. When sodium is retained, the individual is at risk for fluid
volume overload (FVE). FVE and cardiomyopathy are associated with heart ... Show more content
Some patients believe that their age, economic status, or psychosocial history places them behind
other persons on the transplant waiting list. When a donor heart is available, a computer generates a
list of recipients based on varying factors, including 'ABO blood group compatibility, age, body
sizes of the donor and possible recipient, severity of illness, the distance between the donor and
recipient, and how long the recipient has been on the waiting

Lupus Essay
"Lupus"
Systemic lupus erythematosus, or simply lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease or immune system
malfunction. A person's immune system normally protects the person from viruses, bacteria and
other foreign materials. When a person has an autoimmune diseases like lupus, the immune system
turns against itself and attacks itself.
Lupus does not have a known cause, and because of that it has no known cure. The exact cause of
lupus is unknown, but scientists suspect that it is likely to be a combination of factors, people who
contract lupus are probably genetically predisposed to lupus, and know that environmental factors
such as infections, antibodies, ultraviolet light, extreme stress and certain drugs play a critical role in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One complication about lupus, is the flares that individuals will experience. People with this disease
must have blood tests to predict these flares. When a lupus flare occurs, people will usually notice a
return of the symptoms they experienced previously, but sometimes they will notice new symptoms.
Some may be fever, swollen joints, increase in fatigue, rashes, sores or ulcers in the mouth or nose.
A temperature over 100 degrees, not due to an infection, is often a helpful sign in identifying a flare.
Other complications are it can cause insomnia, extreme fatigue, depression and poor body image. It
also affects the central nervous system involvement which can cause memory and concentration
difficulties. In some cases it can cause seizures. There are also risks in pregnancy such as stillbirth,
or the mother may develop toxemia of pregnancy/preeclampsia which can cause things such as
high–blood pressure, swelling and transient diabetes. Toxemia of pregnancy can be dangerous
because it can cause spontaneous abortions or strokes. People with lupus also tend to get depressed
because of the pain, fatigue and side effects from medication. The depression can be actually cause a
flare in lupus in some cases.
If a person has lupus there are places to get help. The Lupus Foundation of America provides a lot of
help for lupus' patients. For help you can write to them at: Lupus Foundation of America, 1300
Piccard Drive, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850.

The Social Benefits of Legalization of Marijuana
In the societies narcotics constituting taboo and users are isolated by societies. In our days narcotics
are a tremendous problem with a lot of effects on the societies. I want to give the definition of
Marijuana that is important for my research. "Marijuana is a mixture of leaves, stems and flowering
tops of the hemp plant."(Marijuana, 317). Today in most countries soft narcotics and especially
narcotics like marijuana are illegal. Marijuana is a misunderstood drug that is thought of as
dangerous but it isn't. Because of people's ignorance and gullibility marijuana has become illegal for
all the wrong reasons and should be re–examined for legalization. Society today cannot understand
that there has been a culture behind marijuana for many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover in a recent study of prisoners who have committed crimes like theft, robbery and burglary
the results have shown that 33% of those crimes have been made in order to purchase drugs. In
addition, these criminals are responsible for the 75% of all robberies, thefts and burglaries. Much
research shows that when narcotics are cheap the rates of the drug related crimes decrease.
Moreover, the legalization of marijuana will reduce the problem of overcrowded prisons and the
numerous accusations against drug users. As it is referred by Nadelmann the U.S. national costs
from 1981 to 1987 for law enforcements against drugs tripled from lower than 1 billion per year to 3
billions. In 1988 this amount was 6 billion. Moreover in 1986 local authorities spend 5 billion on
anti–drug activities. Therefore in federal prisons the numbers of prisoners count for 33% of the
50.000 total cases, while prisoners for similar crimes in state prisons are 30.000. A similar situation
takes place in courts, from the 583.000 cases the 135.000 are related to drug crimes. The costs for
keeping in prisons all these people have become a tremendous amount. Despite of the money the
criminality, neither the citizens nor the drug lords have felt no change. Today the annual arrests for
violation of drug laws are more or less 750.000 in US. In particular, 75% of these are done by
citizens who just possess small quantities for personal use. In most of the times the

Alternative Reflection Paper
Reflection on Alternative Assignment When brainstorming advocacy projects I wanted to do
something that assisted with the rising number of adolescent drug and alcohol use. I thought that
additional education could assist them in understanding the negative consequences that can come
from beginning their use early and using the substances in general. Once I decided on my population
and purpose of the assignment, I looked at narrowing the population even more and make it more
specialized to middle school and high school educators and administrators in rural Iowa. The
following will explain in more detail the approach I took to this assignment and why I chose to do it.
When I think about adolescents and alcohol/drug use, I think about people that I knew in high
school. In many psychology courses we learn that psychoeducation is important and that it can assist
in bettering one's understanding of a substance, treatment, or other psychological disorders. Through
brainstorming I thought about the education that I received on drugs and alcohol when I was in
school, which was next to nothing. In fifth grade we partook in the D.A.R.E. program that was
supposed to teach us the harmfulness of drugs and alcohol and to pledge not to use any of the
substances. In middle school there was one week that they put up posters and our homeroom teacher
read a paper to us about the harmfulness of drugs. When I was in high school there was a small
display in high school about a car accident due

Lupus Erythematosus Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects your immune system.
This means the body's natural defense system attacks healthy tissues instead of attacking only
bacteria/viruses, therefore leading to inflammation. Lupus is a lifelong disease, but with good
medical care patients can lead a full life. It is estimated that 1.5 million Americans have this disease,
and it strikes mostly women around the age of 15–44. However, men/teenagers can get this disease
as well; the common age for getting Lupus is 15–44. This disease is not contagious! You can't
"catch," or "give" Lupus to anyone, not even through sexual contact. Lupus is not related to cancer,
HIV, or AIDS. In HIV/AIDS patients your immune system is underactive, and in Lupus your
immune system is overactive. Some ways to inform others about Lupus is to know the causes,
symptoms, and treatment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The exact cause for Lupus is unknown; however experts believe that some people are born with
certain genes that affect how your immune system works. It appears that people with inherited
predisposition for Lupus may develop this disease when they come in contact with "triggers." Some
potential triggers are: sunlight, infections, and medications. Sunlight exposure can lead to Lupus
skin lesions, or trigger and internal response in susceptible people. Having an infection can initiate
Lupus, or causes a relapse in symptoms. Also some anti–seizure, blood pressure, and antibiotic
medications can trigger Lupus. People who have drug induced Lupus noticed their symptoms go
away once they stopped taking the

Systemic Lupus Research Paper
Known as SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus is classified as an autoimmune disorder, which the
immune system attacks itself , that might lead to the killing of cells. Autoimmune disorders causes
the immune system to overperform and ends up attacking the body. During infancy in a person who
has an autoimmune disease, "their immune system "forgets" that certain antigens in the body do
belong there" (Thomas). When an autoimmune disease affects more than one organ in the body, it's
classifies as a systemic autoimmune disease. SLE "is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in
connective tissues, such as cartilage and the lining of blood vessels." (Genetics Home Reference)
"SLE can potentially affect any system and organ of the body"(Thomas). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"When a lupus flare occurs, many people will notice a return of the symptoms they experienced
previously. However, some people may also develop new symptoms. Active disease is caused by
inflammation in an organ or organ system. Common symptoms that indicate a flare are: ongoing
fever not due to an infection, painful, swollen joints, an increase in fatigue, rashes sores or ulcers in
the mouth or nose, general swelling in the leg. Some flares happen without symptoms"(Lupus
Foundation of America).
There are a lot of different types of treatments for Lupus that work effectively due to recent research
and development. These drugs include: NSAIDs, Antimalarials, Corticosteroids,
Immunosuppressives, and BLyS–specific inhibitors.
If someone does have SLE, the drug used to deal with the symptoms have serious side effects. That's
why it is super important to take extra care of their body. Eating healthy, exercising often, limiting
sun exposure and cutting out smoking are crucial habits if a person does have systemic lupus
erythematosus. "Because of the nature and cost of the medications used to treat lupus and the
potential for serious side effects, many patients seek other ways of treating the disease. Some
alternative approaches people have tried include special diets, nutritional supplements, fish oils,
ointments and creams, chiropractic treatment, and homeopathy. Although these methods may not be
harmful in and of themselves and may be associated

Argumentative Essay On Legalization Of Marijuana
The legalization of Marijuana is a topic that has been discussed for many years. It has had many
support as well as opposition. This topic has caused a lot of controversy over the years. In today's
society the amount of marijuana or cannabis that is being consumed is, for the most part, consumed
by teens and adults. Although marijuana is an illegal drug, that does not stop people from getting a
hold of it. The use of marijuana can be for many reasons such as, socializing, obtaining a high,
escaping depression or for medical reasons. The legalization of marijuana is beneficial to the
economy, society, and health. The economy benefits from the legalization of marijuana for various
reasons. The impact on tax revenue has shown how this has ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Drug Policy Alliance wrote, "By no longer arresting and prosecuting possession and other low–
level marijuana offenses, states are saving hundreds of millions of dollars." That is beneficial to both
the economy and society. It is also said that the use of marijuana decreases the abuses of opioids.
Fewer opioids means fewer cases of addiction, over doses and deaths. Society benefits from the
legalization as a whole but also as individuals. The legalization of marijuana is very beneficial to a
person's health. As previously stated, medical marijuana has been legalized in 29 states. Marijuana
can help the following health problems: Epileptic Seizures, Glaucoma, Dravet's Syndrome, Anxiety,
It can slow the progression of Alzheimer's, it also helps multiple sclerosis, PTSD and it can protect
the brain from concussions and trauma. It serves as an appetite stimulant and helps patients going
through chemo with their nausea and vomiting. Marijuana is actually safer to consume than alcohol
and tobacco. Many people die from the use of alcohol, the CDC reported that more than 30,000
death occur due to the health effects of alcohol, and they do not have a category for deaths caused
by marijuana which, shows that marijuana is not a drug that causes deaths. Alcohol use has
damaging effects on the brain while on the other hand, marijuana actually has neuroprotective
properties. Alcohol leads

Special Considerations for Nurses of Renal Transplant...
The response of the individual patient to life with a transplant varies greatly: age, gender,
employment status, stability, security and personality will all have an impact. Renal recipients'
knowledge about post–transplant aspects is essential in terms of coping with short–term problems
posed by transplantation and the long–term outcome. Education and support are probably the most
important ways in which nurses can influence patients. Throughout the entire process of
transplantation, from first entering the waiting list, through the operative period itself, to the follow–
up care stage, there is a need for extensive nursing input (Mackenzie, 2001). According to UK–
based Journal of Advanced Nursing, a study on December has done to 160 patients and the study
shows that people who have kidney transplants need longer–term support and most of them are
friends, relatives or even healthcare professionals. The best approach is to build a relationship with
the transplant recipient throughout the process and develop a caring, supportive environment in
which patients feel able to discuss problems (Fernando, 1997; Hasselder, 1999).
Renal transplant nurses help patients cope more effectively in the post–transplant period and make
them feel more positive about their health and what they can achieve. Transplant recipients who
experienced a larger number of symptoms were more negative about their health and reported that
their physical and mental health–related quality of life was lower

Systemic Lupus Research Paper
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Description: Lupus is an autoimmune disease which attacks
the healthy body immune system. This immune disorder attacks the brain, kidneys, joints, skin, and
other organs in the body. Signs and Symptoms: Fatigue and Fevers Joint pain, stiffness and swelling
Most Common butterfly rash on the face that covers cheek and the bridge of the nose
Photosensitivity Finger or toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold or when stressed
(Raynaud's phenomenon) Shortness of breath Chest pain Etiology: SLE is a combination of genetic
and your environment. It is known when the disease is inherited it can be triggered when coming in
contact with the environment. However the cause of lupus in most cases ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Diagnosis: When trying to diagnose lupus the first evaluation done by the doctor is looking for signs
of rash, inflammation, heat and redness, also asking for symptoms, taking laboratory tests, medical
history from close family members such as brothers, sisters, parents, and grandparents. Treatments:
Fortunately Lupus has a variety of medication ranging from minimum to maximum strength.
Usually Lupus medication change during a person's lifetime. However with Lupus it can take
Doctors months or sometimes years to find the perfect medication to keep the disease under control.
The FDA unfortunately have only approved few medications which are Corticosteroids,
Antimalarial, and Aspirin. Prognosis: Even though Lupus is a disease that most people think is fatal
it is not. By following your Doctors instructions, taking the medicine, and asking for help when
there is new side effect when taking the medication Lupus can be under control and look forward to
a normal lifespan. Preventive Measures: It is not known what causes Lupus and there is no way to
prevent it but Lupus can be managed by avoiding stress, sunlight, lack of sleep and by keeping
record of your

Increasing the Bioavailability of Eye Drops Essay
Most ocular diseases are treated with topical application of eye drops. After instillation of an eye
drop, typically less than 5% of the applied drug penetrates the cornea and reaches intraocular
tissues, while a major fraction of the instilled dose is absorbed and enters the systemic circulation.
As ocular efficiency of topically applied drugs is influenced by the corneal contact time, most
common method of improving ocular availability of drugs is to increase pre–corneal residence time
by using vesicular system and hydrogel. One such approach to improve bioavailability of drug is the
use of in–situ gelling system, which gets converted from sol–to–gel as a result of change in pH. By
using Carbopol940 – a pH sensitive gelling agent, an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A significant challenge to the formulator is to bypass the protective barriers of the eye without
causing permanent tissue damage.
Conventional ophthalmic formulations like solution, suspension, and ointment have many
disadvantages which result in poor bioavailability of drug in the ocular cavity. The specific aim of
designing a therapeutic system is to achieve an optimal concentration of a drug at the active site for
the appropriate duration [3]. The various approaches that have been attempted to increase the
bioavailability and the duration of the therapeutic action of ocular drugs can be divided into two
categories. The first one is based on the use of sustained drug delivery systems such as vesicles and
particulates, which provide the controlled and continuous delivery of ophthalmic drugs. The second
involves maximizing corneal drug absorption and minimizing pre–corneal drug loss which can be
achieved by amphiphilic vesicles [4].
Niosomes are non–ionic surfactant vesicles obtained by hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants,
with or without incorporation of cholesterol or other lipids. They are vesicular systems similar to
liposomes that can be used as carriers of amphiphilic and lipophilic drugs [5]. Niosomes are
promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non–ionic; they are less toxic and improve the
therapeutic index of drug by restricting their action to target

Lupus And The Modern Era Of Lupus
Lupus is still somewhat of a mystery to physicians and scientists today. Historically, the disease has
stumped medical professionals. The first known discovery and identification of lupus, specifically
systemic lupus erythematosus, was made by Hippocrates, a Greek physician, around the time of 400
BC. The disease became more well known after many years, and by the late 1700's, two British
dermatologists Robert Willan and Thomas Bateman had started to "use the term "lupus" to describe
a destructive skin disease preferentially affecting the face and the nose" (Konya, 2016). Then the
modern era of lupus began in 1923, when one doctor discovered four cases with similar symptoms.
The physical details of the disease became more specific and by 1967, doctors were able to find a
way to test for the antibodies that were associated with the disease. In the past, people thought the
symptoms of lupus resembled a wolf bite, and some theorized the skin swelling and color changing
was caused by werewolves. This theory has since been proven wrong, clearly. Because of this theory
though, some people with the disease may have been wrongfully mistreated in the past. Today, lupus
is a disease that allows people to receive help from the government under disability status. People
with Lupus are not mistreated and in most places, are even protected by disability discrimination
acts. When it comes to school, lupus can have a different effect for each student. Students with lupus
can have sudden

The Human Body 's Immune System
(a) Any Significant difficulties :
Many people are urgently needed a transplanting of an organ, therefore it is necessary to find a
matching organ for the recipient; the organ will not cause any rejection. The body can reject the
transplanted organ; as a result the body's immune system will not accept the organ which has been
transplanted; therefore it can have an effect on the organ that has been transplanted which is
possible. The immunosuppressant drug is needed if the organ does reject the human body; the
immunosuppressant drugs acts as an anti–rejection drug which is needed to protect the body from
the organ that has been transplanted to reduce the chances of rejection and to preserve the heart
functions.
As a result, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new heart that has been donated can fail, if the human body can reject the donated heart if the
cardiac allograft vasculopathy develops in the human body system.
The primary graft dysfunction can cause death during the first 30 days after the transplantation of a
donated new heart is unable to function; as a result the donor heart fails. It can cause trauma to the
donated heart and can even narrow the blood vessel in the patient's lungs which can cause serious
primary graft dysfunction.
The rejection can cause death after transplanting the heart as the patient's body immune system
realizes the new transplanted heart organ as a foreign object and attacks the heart organ.
The cardiac allograft vasulopathy can result in the walls of the coronary arteries in the donated heart
which has become less stretchy and hard; therefore it can destroy the blood circulation and cause
serious heart failure, it can cause to serious damage and death after the new heart is transplanted.
Daily medicine can cause the immune system to stop from attacking the donated heart and other
medicines such as cyclosporine can cause damage to the kidneys after the transplanting procedure; it
this causes risk of serious infection due to the immune system attacking the donated heart .
The weaken immune system can cause a risk of cancer which can lead the recipient which can led to
death in heart patients.
The lifelong care plan

According to Lupus.org, lupus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect any of the systems
of the body. The organization continues to state that an estimated 1.5 million people within the
United States have lupus with more than 16,000 new cases being reported across the nation annually
(Lupus.org). While lupus does not often lead to death itself, the complications that can arise will
have an impact on how one would embalm a decedent who had the disease. Embalming is a
technique used to preserve, sanitize, and present the dead to surviving family, and can be
complicated by disease and condition of the body. This paper will discuss the two types of lupus,
their effects on the body, treatment of the disease, and how the disease in conjunction ... Show more
If one has or has had at least four of the preceding conditions, there is a strong chance that they may
have lupus. Common symptoms of lupus as described by the Lupus.org website also include edema
in the legs, feet, hands, and around the eyes, hair loss, abnormal blood clotting, Raynaud's
phenomenon, and painful or swollen joints. In a 2002 article from the journal Rheumatology about
the long term complications of SLE, it is stated that although the

Forms Of Lupus
There are five forms of lupus; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), subacute cutaneous lupus
erythematosus, neonatal lupus, drug–induced lupus, and discoid lupus erythematosus. There are at
least 5 million people worldwide that are living with some form of lupus, according to the Lupus
Foundation of America. SLE – often called "The Cruel Mystery" – can harm your skin, joints,
kidneys and brain; and is fatal in some cases. There is no cure for lupus, but treatments reduce the
severity of the symptoms. Flares and remissions of lupus can happen at any time. The exact cause of
all forms of lupus is unknown, but there are a few factors that may play a role. Environmental
factors – such as infections, sunlight, toxic chemicals, and viruses – and one's ... Show more content
As a victim of lupus nephritis, I have found myself taking more medications just to treat side effects
from other medications. Most doctors will discuss options for treating side effects that can easily
cause a burden in the patient's life. For example, long–term use of corticosteroids can increase your
risk of infections, osteoporosis, and avascular necrosis. In most cases, there are ways to treat the
disease and its symptoms, but some side effects just have to be dealt with. Long–term, most patients
can live a normal and healthy life with the help of daily medications. Periodical checkups are
recommended even for patients with the mildest form of lupus nephritis. Severe cases, meaning
kidney failure, can result in doing well long–term as well. There's always hope for new treatments
and possibly a

The Assessment Of Disease Activity
Assessment of Disease Activity:
Monitoring of SLE in clinical practice is based upon differentiating disease activity from organ
damage accrual. A variety of disease activity indices have been formulated, including the SLEDAI
(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), SLAM (Systemic Lupus Activity
Measure), BILAG (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group) (Ben–Menachem, 2011).
Assessing Chronic Damage of SLE:
In 1996, a damage index for SLE was developed by the SLICC and endorsed by the ACR; hence, it
has become known as the SLICC/ACR Damage Index which complements other measures of lupus
disease activity as an outcome measure (Gladman et al., 1996).
There is international consensus that it is the best instrument to measure organ ... Show more content
B. Pharmacologic treatments:
1– Non steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
NSAIDs are generally effective for musculoskeletal complaints, fever, headaches, and mild serositis
(Schur and Wallace, 2012). NSAIDs may cause acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis or
membranous nephropathy so should be avoided in lupus nephritis. NSAIDS may be responsible for
neuropsychiatric features like headache, dizziness, aseptic meningitis, etc. which need
differentiation from neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (Vasudevan and Ginzler, 2009).
2– Glucocorticoids:
Lympholytic (lysis of lymphocytes), inhibit mitosis of lymphocytes, reduce size and lymphoid
content of the lymph node and spleen, inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators, including
Platelet activator factor, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, histamine and bradykinin (Bertram, 2012).
In SLE, glucocorticoids remain the most important and most effective short–term therapy. Multiple
studies have shown improvement in survival with glucocorticoid use (Lo and Tsokos, 2012).
High doses of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day of prednisone (or equivalent) or as intermittent intravenous "pulses"
of methylprednisolone used alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents are generally
reserved for patients with significant organ involvement, particularly renal and CNS disease.
Patients usually respond to 5 to 15 mg of prednisone daily until a steroid–sparing agent or

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( Sle ) As Simply Lupus
Abstract
Most know Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) as simply lupus. It is difficult to diagnose and
treat but the symptoms can be mentally and physically devastating for any patient. Many may not
realize the extent to which a person with SLE is affected on a day to day basis. It is important for
healthcare professionals to understand the disease process, including the cause, signs, symptoms,
and treatment of SLE. By understanding the aforementioned, healthcare professionals can assist
with reporting signs and symptoms to the patient's doctor to further reach a correct diagnosis, but to
provide holistic care to the patient. SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease which means the
body's immune system fallaciously attacks healthy tissues and various organs, in this case, primarily
the skin , joints, kidneys, and brain of both men and women.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory disease which may affect many different
organs and tissues in the body. Lupus erythematous was first known as a skin disorder by Pierre
Cazenave a frechman in 1851. But even before the articles were found that went back to ancient
Greece. Lupus got its name because Lupus patients developed markings or rashes that resembled
that of a wolf. There are four types of Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid Lupus
Erythematosus, and crossover or overlap Syndrome or Mixed Connection Tissue Disease.
Individuals of any age, sex, or race may develop the diseases.

A Short Note On Opioid Control And Opioid Controlled Drug
Diamorphine is used for pain control and known as an opioid Controlled Drug [CD], acting by
blocking pain signals to the brain (BNF, 2015; NICE, 2016). Opioid medication is licenced for the
management of moderate to severe pain however, long–term use can cause reliance of the drug yet
when used to treat a terminal illness, there are no restrictions (Knott, 2013; Nice, 2016). Morphine's
most common side effects include nausea and vomiting, sedation, constipation, hypotension and
sweating however, it can cause hallucinations which are important in the management of anxiety in
palliative care (Everyday Health, 2016; Mann & Carr, 2009). Diamorphine causes less nausea and
hypotension than morphine and the focus in palliative care is pain management which is more
effective when avoiding pain, than in the relief of pain (Cancer Research UK, 2015).
Levomepromazine is Prescription Only Medication [POM] usually known as an antipsychotic drug
{tranquillizer} however, it can also be used as an antiemetic drug to control nausea and vomiting
(BNF, 2015; NHS Scotland, 2014). There are many antiemetic drugs used to treat nausea and
vomiting however, some work on the brain by stopping the stimulation of the vomiting centre,
whilst others work on the gut emptying the stomach contents at a faster rate (Macmillan Cancer
Support, 2013). An antiemetic drug is chosen according to the causes of the vomiting and in Jacobs's
case it is a known side effect of taking Diamorphine. The most common side

Cannabis Argumentative Essay
A recreational toy for some, and a life–changing medicine for others: which is the real face of such a
notorious substance? Cannabis, like many other psychoactive drugs, has been a prominent thorn in
society's side since the start of the twentieth century–and perhaps even from before. Should we
continue to view it as we have, or do we take recent discoveries into account and turn over a new
leaf? According to current statistics, cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the UK.
Interestingly, however, cannabis is not a plant native to the British Isles. It has been theorised that
the plant, stemming from Continental Europe, was introduced towards the end of the Roman
Occupation. Yet, little is known about its early uses. Surviving ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hemp produced more durable fibres than stinging nettles or flax, and made it ideal for use in ropes,
nets, and canvas. This feature was all the more supplemented by the method of cultivation. If hemp
was sown close together, the individual plants needed to compete with each other for light. As such,
they would be forced to grow taller than their competition, resulting in long stems high in cellulose.
As England's navy grew, so too did the demand for hemp. In 1533, King Henry VIII compelled
landlords to set aside 1/240th of their tillable land to the growing of hemp; thereby ensuring an
adequate supply of fibre. Elizabeth I increased the production yet again, and even went as far as to
impose a fine of £5 (around $2000 USD) on any eligible landlord who refused to grow it.
Eventually, however, the demand had increased to the extent that the British Isles were no longer
able to supply an adequate volume of hemp. Indeed, this was one of the main forces behind the
British drive to colonize new lands. Its hardiness and ease of cultivation made it ideal for growth in
the colonies. Moreover, the ships that transported supplies and protected these colonies also
increased the demand. After countless months of travel these ships would need repair. On average,
each ship would have had its two hundred tonnes of rigging and sailcloth replaced every two

Persuasive Essay On Cheating In Sports
The idea of cheating has gained a lot of popularity in the media. Pro athletes caught using illicit
drugs to gain a competitive advantage are condemned and often have the awards they've been given
revoked. Even professional e–sport players have been caught using drugs such as adderall to gain a
professional advantage. The competitive sports scene is not the only place where people use any
means necessary to gain an edge. "Study drugs" are also often used in academia. What justification
could there be for these people to be morally OK with their actions? Is cheating ever OK?
What does it mean to cheat? The definition of cheating is to act dishonestly or unfairly in order to
gain an advantage, especially in a game or examination. This is a very broad definition that that
could encompass a variety of actions. In the Olympics some teams have access to superior resources
that other less fortunate teams don't have access to. Having state of the art equipment certainly gives
an advantage, but is this an unfair advantage? Who decides what is unfair and what isn't? Several
pro–athletes have been caught using drugs to give themselves a competitive advantage. Caffeine is a
drug that offers several advantages over someone who doesn't use it. Does that give them an unfair
advantage to someone who can't consume caffeine for religious reasons? Where is the line drawn for
people using the best methods they can to improve themselves? There is certainly a grey area for
what is and isn't considered cheating in terms of bettering yourself.
However, there are methods of gaining a competitive edge that go beyond just bettering yourself
that are unarguably unfair. In the e–sports community using "hacks" to cheat offer an advantage that
no one who uses any method to better themselves as player can compete with. Using a method that
prevents other combatants from even having a hope of winning is certainly unethical. Using
methods to better yourself at a faster rate is one thing, but using a method of cheating that gives you
an edge over someone who has trained for countless hours more than you is another. Another
example of clearly unethical cheating would be using methods that cripple your opponent.
Essentially removing someone

Are Autoimmune Diseases Killing You?
Are Autoimmune Diseases Killing You? The innate/adaptive immune systems are supposed to
protect you – what happens when they strike back? Autoimmune diseases: The Immune system is
provided by the body to keep the human system healthy, and virus/bacteria free. Autoimmune
diseases occur when a T lymphocyte cell escapes the lymphoid and mistakes an organ/system/tissue
for a virus, this rogue T cell than instructs B lymphocytes cells to develop antibodies. These special
antibodies are known as 'autoantibodies' (special blood proteins that target the individual's body
parts). Autoimmune diseases are supposedly triggered, this is a broad group ranging from being
inherited or viruses/hormones.
Currently there is approx. 80 different types of autoimmune diseases globally, then broadly grouped
into two categories 'organ specific' (where the diseases effects one particular body part) and 'non–
organ specific' (where no one organ is targeted, but maybe an entire system). One in twenty people
are diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, however depending on the disease the number increases
example a rare disease may affect one in a million people.
What is the impact?
Autoimmune diseases are a huge health issue in Australia and New Zealand. The negative effects
can be quite severe, depending on the disease. A sample of the diseases listed are:
Diabetes (type 1)
Graves' disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
Scleroderma
Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus has a huge

Ethics Of The Health Care Industry

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