The document discusses energy efficient ventilation systems for buildings. It covers natural ventilation using windows, louvers, and stack effect as well as mechanical ventilation using fans, heat recovery systems, and air handling units. It also discusses passive stack ventilation and mechanical extract ventilation systems. The case study on Burj Khalifa highlights how it uses natural reverse stack effect and mechanical systems like plate heat exchangers and chilled water pumps. Potential issues discussed include sand storms blocking ventilation, condensation, high energy usage of mechanical systems, inadequate outdoor air supply, and blocked ventilation systems. Recommendations are regular maintenance, controlling outdoor pollutants and moisture to prevent condensation.
1. Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)
Building Services I [BLD 60403]
Energy Efficient Ventilation System
Ng Chuan Kai 0323738
Boon Li Ying 0323839
Loh Wen Jun 0323551
Tey Cheng Fern 0323912
Vivian Tay Huey Shuen 0323869
Michelle Tung 0324175
2. Ventilation
• Process of changing air in an enclosed space
• Proportion of air should be withdrawn and replaced by the fresh air
• Maintain temperature and humidity at comfortable levels and to allow the
indoor air pollution to flow out
• Excessive humidity can cause diseases and other symptoms such as headache,
sore throat or even breathing difficulty
3. Energy Efficient
• Energy efficiency means using less energy to provide the same level of energy
• Energy efficient is not energy conservation
• Energy conservation is reducing or going without a service to save energy
• For example, turning off a light is energy
conservation. Replacing an incandescent lamp
with a compact fluorescent lamp is energy
efficiency.
7. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Louvre Window
Casement Window
Double Hung Window
Sliding Window
Awning Window
Fixed Window
The result of the experiment carried out by Breezeway
Percentage of Ventilation
13. Installation Process
1. Apply some beads of caulk to the underside of
the door sill and need to seal at least 4 times.
14. 2. Place some solid shims behind the hinge jamb and frame and temporarily secure the unit to
the frame by using screw or nails to fasten it.
3. Check the weather-stripping to make sure the margins and contact are equal around.
15. 4. Adjust the door threshold to have an even contact between the door sweep and
threshold.
5. Caulk again the intersection of the jamb, brick molds, threshold and floor for in-swing
and out-swing door.
18. Installation Process
1. Mark the joist that need to be cut by pushing a nail through the wall as these
nails will be easily seen.
2. Using pushed-through nails in the ceiling as guide, cut and place the template
on the ceiling and staple in place.
3. Pass the fan through the opening. Center and attach the fan to the platform.
4. Secure 4 sides of the fan frame by nailing wooden blocks to the platform.
5. Flip the fan motor and rebolt it to the struts. Slip the fan belt into position and
slide the motor to achieve proper tension. Be careful not to overtighten.
20. Management System
• to provide a healthy and comfortable internal
environment for the building’s occupants
through
- the process of changing air which remove
the polluted indoor air from a building and
replaced by the fresh air from outside
• to maintain air purity such as preservation of
oxygen content, removal of carbon dioxide
and control of humidity
• management system is necessary to the
energy efficient ventilation system
• -maintain the effectiveness of ventilation
regardless of wind direction
• -make sure the inlet and outlet openings are
not obstructed by nearby objects
• -the window is located in opposing pressure
zone to increase the ventilation rate
• provide periodic maintenance for the system
to make sure that the system running
efficiently and lead to the maximum of
system’s lifespan
• to ensure the reliability of the ventilation
system and to secure the operation of the
ventilation plant
21. Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV)
• the most effective natural ventilation strategy
as it combines with trickle ventilation through
window frames
• one option to provide domestic ventilation
• a combination of the air flowing over the roof
and the natural buoyancy of warm moist air to
lift the moist and stale air from the kitchen and
bathroom up ducting to the roof ridge level
where it escapes into the atmosphere
• fresh air is drawn into the building through the
trickle vents in the windows and doors
22. Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV)
• PSV system are energy efficient - this
system is without the need for any electric fans or
control
• the amount of ventilation achieved depends on - the
amount of movement of the external air and the external
air temperature
• standard PSV systems have a simple inlet grille to the
duct, usually fitted into the ceiling
• cleaning the grilles especially the one in the kitchen is
essential -to ensure that
there are no restrictions to air flow up each stack
• PSV system requires very little maintenance -a
periodic check of the roof terminal and of any ducting
that is accessible should be enough to maintain the
structure of the system
23. Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
• a system that extracts air from wet
rooms continually
• consists of a central ventilation unit
positioned in loft space ducted
throughout the building to extract air
from the wet rooms
• replacement dry air is drawn into the
building via background ventilators
24. Mechanical Extract Ventilation (MEV)
• providing a gap at the bottom of the
internal doors that allow the free
passage of air through the building
• can be operated automatically or
manual switching
• able to increase the speed of the fan
and extraction rate, rather than
raising the extraction rate for the
whole building
• require regular maintenance to
remove dust and grease from the
fans, grilles and filters
26. Advantages
Reduces energy usage
• ‘Energy Efficient’ means use less energy for the same service
• Examples are natural ventilation and Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery
Natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation with heat
recovery
28. Advantages
Saves cost in a long run
• More expensive, but can save in long term
• Example: Energy recovery ventilation system
• Operate by transferring heat from warm, inside exhaust air to cold, outside supply air
• Reduce the heating and cooling costs
• Electricity bill is reduced
Enhance indoor air quality
• Indoor air is continuously withdrawn and replaced by fresh air
• Oxygen level is preserved at 21%
• Bad odour is eliminated
• Humidity is controlled and balanced
• Reduce stress and improve moods
29. Disadvantages
High cost in short term
• Must pay installing fee in advance
• Must engage specialists such as ventilation engineers
• Service and maintenance cost are required as well
• An example is Energy recovery ventilation system
Requires more time to install
• More high tech
• Requires efficient preparation to install it
• More complicated design
• Check ventilation rates
• Example: Exhaust ventilation system
31. Burj Khalifa
• A megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates.
• Multi-use tower that includes residential,
hotel, commercial offices, entertainment,
shopping, and parking facilities.
• It is the world’s tallest structure ever built.
• Height :828m
• Numbers of floors:162
32. Natural ventilation system
• Burj Khalifa has occur the phenomenon as
reverse stack effect because the flow of air is
downward.
• The cooler air is more dense is inside the
building and wants to drop downward and
flow out of the building to its’ bottom.
• The air move from the top to the bottom
through the elevator shaft.
• Each time the elevator door open it will help
to produce greater stack effect.
• This help to reduce the temperature for the
whole tower without any cost.
33. Natural ventilation system
• Glass panel also serve as a function to reduce
the temperature and reduce the usage of the
air conditioning,ventilation and
dehumidification function.
• It is a special panel made from two layers
which is a thin layer of metal and a thin layer
of silver to keep the temperature inside the
building cool by reflecting the heat and
sunlight.
34. Mechanical ventilation system
Plate heat exchanger
• Used for transfer heat between two fluid to
reduce the air temperature.
• Ice-storage cooling system that produces tons of
ice slurry during off-peak hours.
• Using the plate heat exchangers, the ice slurry
built up in a tank, store the cooling energy that is
later released, through the pipelines to the entire
indoor conditioning and tap water systems.
35. Mechanical ventilation system
Air handling unit
• used to re-condition and circulate air as part
of a heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system.
• improve the air quality of the tower by using
the air on the higher level which is clean and
cooler air and transfer it to the lower floor.
36. Mechanical ventilation system
Chilled water pump
• Is a heat exchange device
• The condenser water absorbs heat from the
refrigerant in the condenser barrel of the
water chiller, and is then sent through return
lines to a cooling tower.
38. Sand Storm
• Sky-sourced ventilation not applicable during that
time
• Openings and windows cannot be opened, too dusty
• Serious respiratory problem endanger our health
• eg: Breathing difficulties
• Heavy dust particles carried on together with wind
pressure
39. Cont’d
• Concentrate air filters blocks the air ways pass through the filters to the
surrounding areas.
40. Condensation
• Debilitating effect on occupiers of dwelling
• If condensation occurs over a prolonged period of time,
other signs
• eg: damp patches on windows, walls, black-mold growth
• Introduction of energy saving measures
• eg: double glazing and cavity wall insulation
• No natural escape route for this stale, humid air now trapped
inside building
41. High usage of mechanical ventilation system
• Huge air conditioning system is constructed in building
• Supply throughout entire area of building, ensure thermal comfort
achieved.
• Large amount of energy to supply sufficient air to surrounding
• High percentage of electricity
• Coal-burning power plants, air conditioning contributes indirectly
release of greenhouse gases and other pollutants
42. Proportion of outside air
• Dilute and remove indoor contaminants, HVAC systems must bring
in adequate amounts of outdoor air
• Higher cost needed cool hot summer air
• Building engineers reduce or eliminate the amount of outdoor air
• Allows contaminated air accumulate inside, causing pollutant
concentrations increase
• Continuous supply of fresh air must be provided
43. Blockage in the ventilation system
• Properly maintained to provide indoor air quality
• Source of contamination become clogged, reduce or eliminate
airflow provides colder air supply to indoor area
• Contaminated or dust particles causing air filter exist blockage, thus
reducing supply of air flow to the building
44. Cont’d
• Failure to properly treat water in cooling towers to prevent growth
of organisms
• Introduce organisms into HVAC supply ducts, increase
concentration of bacteria affect indoor air quality and cause serious
health problems.
• Accumulations of water around system may bring harmful
biological growth can distributed throughout the building.
46. Building maintenance activities
• Source of pollutants used
• eg: during painting, renovation, and pesticides
• Schedule a time during use of pollutant sources to
minimize the impact on indoor air quality
• Increase ventilation rates during periods of increased
pollution in building.
47. Regular maintenance of the ventilation systems
• To avoid affecting thermal comfort of indoor air quality
• Air cleaning regularly done ensure sufficient air distributed
to the building.
• All air cleaners must be properly sized and maintained to be
effective
• An HVAC system that properly designed, installed,
maintained, and operated is essential to providing healthful
indoor air
48. Avoid and control of outside air and pollutants
• To reduce indoor air pollutants, increase the openings
and windows in a building
• Ventilate air of indoor allowing outdoor air to flow in
building to dilute indoor air and reduce pollutants
• An adequate supply of outdoor air is essential to
diluting indoor pollutants
• In general, increasing rate of outdoor air supplied to
the building decreases indoor air problems
49. Control of condensation in a building
• Limiting sources of moisture; including reverse
condensation, which moisture evaporates from damp
materials.
eg: replacing flueless gas or oil heaters.
• By increasing air temperature of surrounding indoor
can reduce percentage of condensation to overall
building
50. Cont’d
• Dehumidification by removing moisture, water vapor or humidity
from the air.
• Natural or mechanical ventilation are also the important factor to
control the rate of condensation
• Increasing surface temperatures
eg: inclusion of insulation materials around the building or improving
glazing
![Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)
Building Services I [BLD 60403]
Energy Efficient Ventilation System
Ng Chuan Kai 0323738
Boon Li Ying 0323839
Loh Wen Jun 0323551
Tey Cheng Fern 0323912
Vivian Tay Huey Shuen 0323869
Michelle Tung 0324175](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/clv3fijqedhtzkeec1vw-signature-b5fe95ce8b4c79249af0cd94a762bb45cfe9408f71f7e240ec96ed1d1f82d0b2-poli-161205072154/85/Building-service-1-prsentation-slide-1-320.jpg)
